با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن اقتصاد انرژی ایران

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

3 استاد گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

امروزه مالیات‌ با حفظ موجودیت دولت و تأمین مالی برنامه‌های اجتماعی و سرمایه‌گذاری زیربنایی نقش مهمی را در رشد و توسعه اقتصادی کشورها ایفا می‌کند. همچنین، اخذ مالیات به تخصیص منابع، توزیع مجدد درآمد و تصحیح اثرات خارجی منفی و همچنین حمایت از صنایع داخلی کمک می‌کند. از این‌رو فرار مالیاتی موجب کاهش نقش اثرگذاری مالیات در موارد مذکور می‌شود. ارتباط موضوع مطالعه از این واقعیت آشکار می‌شود که سالانه بخش مهمی از درآمدهای مالی از طریق فعالیت‌های برنامه‌ریزی مالی، دور زدن مالی و فرار مالیاتی که توسط بخش خصوصی انجام می‌شود، از بین می‌رود. هدف این مقاله بررسی رابطه بین فرار مالیاتی و رشد اقتصادی طی دوره 1399-1390 برای ایران است. برای این منظور از داده‌های فصلی حاصل از روش دنتون و از داده‌های برآوردی فرار مالیاتی استفاده شده است. در این مطالعه در قالب مدل سه‌بخشی اثر فرار مالیاتی بر رشد اقتصادی به روش الگوی خودرگرسیون برداری با وقفه‌های توزیعی (ARDL) بررسی شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که در کوتاه‌مدت در مدل رشد اقتصادی ضریب متغیرهای فرار مالیاتی، نرخ اشتغال، سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی و درآمد نفتی بر رشد اقتصادی منفی است. حال آنکه، در بلندمدت تأثیر فرار مالیاتی، نرخ اشتغال، درآمدنفتی و متوسط بار مالیاتی بر رشد اقتصادی مثبت است. این در حالی‌ است که ضریب سرمایه‌گذاری خارجی در بلندمدت معنی‌دار نمی‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimating Tax Evasion and its Effect on Iran's Economic Growth (Denton's Data Analysis Approach)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hasti Bagheri 1
  • Asghar Abolhassani Hastiani 2
  • Yeganeh Mousavi Jahromi 3
  • Kamran Mani 4

1 PhD Student Department of Economics, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

2 Professor of Department of Economics, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

3 Professor of Department of Economics, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

4 Assistant Professor of Department of Economics, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Today, taxes play an important role in the economic growth and development of countries by maintaining the existence of the government and financing social programs and infrastructure investment. Also, taxation helps to alloca
te resources, redistribute income and correct negative externalities as well as support domestic industries. Therefore, tax evasion reduces the role of tax effectiveness in the mentioned cases. The relevance of the subject of the study is evident from the fact that every year an important part of financial income is lost through the activities of financial planning, financial evasion and tax evasion carried out by the private sector. The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between tax evasion and economic growth during the period of 2011-2020 Iran. For this purpose, seasonal data from Denton's method and estimated tax evasion data have been used. In this study, in the form of a three-part model, the effect of extra-fiscal on economic growth has been investigated using vector autoregression model with distributional lag (ARDL). The results show that in the short term, in the economic growth model, the coefficient of tax evasion, employment rate, foreign investment and oil income variables are negative. However, in the long run, the impact of tax evasion, employment rate, oil revenue and average tax burden on economic growth are positive. Despite the fact that the coefficient of foreign investment in the long run is not significant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)
  • Economic Growth
  • Tax Evasion
  • Iran
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