با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن اقتصاد انرژی ایران

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه تبریز.

2 استاد دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت دانشگاه تبریز.

3 دانشیار دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت دانشگاه تبریز.

4 دانشیار دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

این مطالعه جهت بررسی اثر نوسانات قیمت نفت بر سیستم بانکی و نحوه ارتباط آن با اقتصاد کلان، از معیار شکنندگی بانکی معرفی شده توسط کبریتچی اقلو و روش خود‌رگرسیون برداری با الگوی چرخشی مارکوف استفاده نموده است. از آنجا که شرایط اقتصادی با نوسان و بی‌ثبات بر تشخیص اثر قیمت نفت بر شرایط اقتصادی و نظام بانکی تأثیرگذار است؛ لذا با استفاده از متغیرهای شاخص شکنندگی و قیمت نفت، نرخ رشد ارز و نرخ رشد تولید ناخالص داخلی، الگوی خودرگرسیون برداری با چرخش مارکوف ((MSH(3)-VAR(1) و داده‌های فصلی طی دوره 1383 تا 1398 مورد برآورد قرار گرفته است. این مقاله سه رژیم باثبات، پر ریسک و با ریسک متوسط، برای شرایط بخش بانکی و اقتصاد ایران که متأثر از نوسانات قیمت نفت است شناسایی نموده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که شوک قیمت نفت در رژیم با ثبات، تغییر کوچک‌تری در مقدار شاخص شکنندگی نسبت به دو رژیم دیگر ایجاد می‌کند و با افزایش تولید ناخالص داخلی سبب بهتر شدن شرایط اقتصادی و نظام بانکی می‌شود. از طرفی در رژیم با ریسک متوسط، نوسان قیمت نفت سبب افزایش در شکنندگی بانکی می‌شود اما به دلیل تأثیر شوک قیمت نفت بر افزایش تولید ناخالص داخلی و کاهش نرخ ارز، قابلیت تبدیل به رژیم با ثبات را دارد. در حالی‌که وقوع شوک قیمت نفت در رژیم پرریسک سبب بدتر شدن شرایط اقتصادی و تأثیر متقابل آن بر نظام بانکی می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Examination of Oil Price Fluctuations Effects on Macroeconomy and Banking System in Iran as an Oil-Exporting Country with Vector Autoregressive Markov Switching Models

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reihaneh Larijani 1
  • Seyed Kamal Sadeghi 2
  • Zahra Karimi Takanlu 3
  • Reza Ranjpur 4

1 Ph.D. Candidate ,Faculty of Economics and Management, Tabriz University.

2 Proffosor of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Tabriz University.

3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics and Management, Tabriz University.

4 Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics and Management, Tabriz University.

چکیده [English]

This study has been used to investigate the effect of oil price fluctuations on the banking system and how it is related to the macroeconomics, using the quality of bank fragility introduced by Kibritçioglu (2003) and the selection auto regression method with the Markov switching model.
Since fluctuating and unstable economic conditions have an impact on economic conditions and the banking system to detect the effect of oil prices, using the variables of fragility index and oil price, currency growth rate and GDP growth rate, the vector auto regression model with Markov switching (MSH(3)-VAR(1)) and seasonal data from 2004 to 2019 have been evaluated.
The results show that the oil price shock in the stable regime causes a smaller change in the value of the fragility index compared to the other two regimes, and with the increase in GDP, it improves the economic conditions and the banking system. On the other hand, in the regime with moderate risk, the oil price fluctuation causes an increase in bank fragility, but due to the effect of the oil price shock on the increase in GDP and the decrease in the exchange rate, it has the ability to become a stable regime. While the occurrence of oil price shock in a high-risk regime causes economic conditions to worsen and its reciprocal effect on the banking system.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Macro-Financial Linkages
  • Banking System Fragility
  • Vector Autoregression
  • Markov Switching Models
Agrawal, I., Duttagupta, R. & Presbitero, A. F. (2017). “International Commodity and Domestic Bank Lending Developing Countries”. IMF Working Paper.
Al-khazali, O. M. & Mirzaei, A. (2017). “The Impact of Oil Price Movement on Bank Non-Performing Loans: Global Evidence from Oil-Exporting Countries”. Emerging Markets Review, 31, 193-208.
Allen, F. & Gale, D. (1998). “Optimal Financial Crises”. The Journal of Finance, 53(4), 1245-1284.
Allen, F. & Gale, D. (2002). “Financial Fragility”. Journal of Political Economy, 108, 1-33.
Allen, & Gale, D. (2004). “Financial Intermediaries and Markets”. Econometria, 72(4), 1023-1061.
Alodayni, S. (2016). “Oil Prices, Credit Risks in Banking Systems, and Macro-Financial Linkages Across GCC Oil Exporters”. International Journal of Financial Studies, 4(4),1-14.
Andolfatto, D. & Nosal, E. (2009). “Money, Intermediation, and Banking”. Journal of Monatary Economics, 56(3), 289-294.
Bernanke, B., Gertler, M. & Gilchrist, S. (1999). “The Financial Accelerator In A Quantitative Business Cycle Framework”. Handbook of Macroeconomics, 1(21), 1341-1393.
Claessens, S. & Kose, M. A. (2018). “Frontiers of Macrofinancial Linkages”. Basel: Bank for International Settlements.
Curran, D. & Mahmalat, M. (2018). “Do Crises Induce Reform? A Critical Review of Conception, Methodology and Empirical Evidence of the ‘Crisis Hypothesis”. Journal of Economic Surveys, 32(3), 613-648.
Demirgüç-Kunt, A. & Detragiache , E. (2000, May). “Monitoring Banking Sector Fragility: A Multivariate Logit Approach. The World Bank Economic Review, 14(2), 287-307.
Demirguc-Kunt, A. & Detragiache, E. (1998). “The Determinants of Banking Crises in Developing and Developed Countries”.. IMF Staff Papers, 45(1), 81-109.
Demirguc-Kunt, A. & Detragiache, E. (2002). “Does Deposit Insurance Increase Banking System Stability? An Empirical Investigation”. Journal of Monetary Economics, 49(7), 1373-1406.
Demirguc-Kunt, A. & Detragiache, E. (2005). “Cross-Country Empirical Studies of Systemic Bank Distress: A Survey”. International Monetary Fund.
Diamond, D. W. & Dybvig, P. H. (1983). “Bank Runs, Deposit Insurance, and Liquidity”. Journal of Political Economy, 91(3), 401-419.
Diamond, D. W. & Rajan, R. G. (2001). Liquidity Risk, Liquidity Creation, and Financial Fragility: A Theory of Banking”. Journal of Political Economy, 109(2), 287-327.
Eberhardt, M. & Presbitero, A. (2018). Commodity Price Movements and Banking Crises”. IMF Working Paper No. 18/153.
Ehrmann, M., Ellison, M. & Valla, N. (2001). Regime-Dependent Impulse Response Functions in Markov-Switching Vector Autoregression Model. Bank of Finland Discussion Paper No.11, 1-27.
Hamilton, J. D. (1994). “Time Series Analysis”. Chapter 22, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Ho, T.-K. & Von Hagen, J. (2007). “Money Market Pressure and the Determinants of Baning Crises”. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 39, 1037-1066.
Ibrahim, M. H. (2019). “Oil and Macro-Financial Linkages: Evidence from the GCC Countries”. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 72, 1-13.
Jing, Z., de Haan, J., Jacobs, J. & Yang, H. (2015). “Identifying Banking Crises Using Money Market Pressure: New Evidence for a Large Set of Countries”. Journal of Macroeconomics, 43, 1-20.
Khavari, H., Falahi, M. A. & Salehnia, N.(2021). “The Effects of Oil Price Volatility on Iran’s Economic Growth through Some Institutional, Monetary and Financial Variables”. Economic Growth and Development Research, 11(43), 31-50. (In Persian).
Kheiravar, M. H., Danesh Jafari, D., Nazeman, H. & Bahrami, J. (2022). “Effect of Oil Revenue uncertainty Shocks on Instability of Certain Macroeconomic Variables in Selected Oil-Exporting Countries: A Panel VAR Approach”. Economic Growth and Development Research, 12(48), 29-46. (In Persian).
Kibritçioglu, A. (2003). “Monitoring Banking Sector Fragility”. The Arab Bank, 5(2), 51-66.
Kinda, T., Mlachila, M. & Ouedraogo, R. (2016). “Commodity Price Shocks and Financial Sector Fragility”. IMF Working Paper no.16/12.
Krolzig, H. M. (1997). “Markov Switching Vector Autoregressions. Modelling, Statistical Inference and Application to Business Cycle Analysis”. Berlin: Springer.
Krolzig, H. M. (1998). “Econometric Modelling of Markov-Switching Vector Autoregressions using MSVAR for Ox”. Discussion Paper, Department of Economics, University of Oxford.
Krolzig, H. M. & Toro, J. (2001). “A New Approach to the Analysis of Business Cycle Transitions in a Model of Output and Employment”. Economics Series Working Papers No.59, University of Oxford, Department of Economics
Minsky, H. (1986). “Stabilizing an Unstable Economy”. Hyman P. Minsky Archive Paper144.
Miyajima, K. (2016). “An Empirical Investigation of Oil-Macro-Financial Linkages in Saudi Arabia.
Nadalizadeh, A., Kiani, K., Hoseini, S. & Peykarjou, K. (2019). “The Impact of Oil Price Movements on Bank Nonperforming Loans (NPLs): The Case of Iran”. Petroleum Business Review, 3(1), 63-78.
Shajari, P. & Shajari, H. (2012). “Financial Soundness Indicators with Emphasis on Non-performing Loans in Iran’s Banking System”. Money and Economy, 6(3), 163-189.
Tabarraei, H. R., Ghiaie, H. & Shahmoradi, A. (2018). “Business Cycle with Bank Intermediation in Oil Economies”. IMF Working Paper No.18/226.
Tucker, P. (2009). “The Crisis Management Menu At the SUERF, CEPS and Belgian Financial Forum Conference: Crisis Management at the Cross-Road”. Brussel: Bank of England.