Economic Growth
Zahra Afshari
Volume 6, Issue 22 , January 2016, Pages 20-13
Abstract
This article examines theselected socio- economic determinants of fertility in Iran. For this purpose, the data for 30 provinces of Iran during the period 2006-2012 were considered. The panel data method of estimation was applied to estimate the relationship between the variables. The resultsshow thateconomic ...
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This article examines theselected socio- economic determinants of fertility in Iran. For this purpose, the data for 30 provinces of Iran during the period 2006-2012 were considered. The panel data method of estimation was applied to estimate the relationship between the variables. The resultsshow thateconomic development in provinces measured by GDP per capita decreased the fertility rate. Economic development accompanied by urbanization and industrialization increased the share of women with higher education in population. These developments by changing the rule of women in family decision making and postponing the marriage increased the average age of women in first marriage. These factors had a reverse and significant impact on fertility rate in Iran for the period under consideration. These results confirm the modernization school of thought. Furthermore, our model, consistent with some previous cross country researches,indicates that fertility reveals procyclical behavior which confirm the Pennsylvania theory of fertility.
Energy
Roohollah Mahdavi
Volume 6, Issue 22 , January 2016, Pages 36-21
Abstract
The Effects of energy carriers price reform policy such as households demand and welfare decrease led to decision-makers attend to revenue recycling of this policy and its injection to the economy as a way to reduce or elimination of mentioned costs. Therefore, in Present research, using the Computable ...
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The Effects of energy carriers price reform policy such as households demand and welfare decrease led to decision-makers attend to revenue recycling of this policy and its injection to the economy as a way to reduce or elimination of mentioned costs. Therefore, in Present research, using the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model based on Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) 1385, the economic effects of policies of guiding revenue of energy carriers price reform has been analyzed. In this research, three distribution policy 1) cash payment, 2) payment reduction of households to the government and 3) subsidies to the production sector has been considered in the form of different scenarios and situations. The simulation results of scenarios illustrates that if government doesn’t distribute revenue from energy carriers price reform, then householdswelfare will have the most decrease. In addition, if government consider the combination of three methods or a combination of first and second methods as method of revenue allocation of energy carriers price reform, then households demand and welfare will have at least decrease.
Globalization
Annamohammad Agharkakli; Mahmood Yahyazadehfar; Mehdi Nobakht
Volume 6, Issue 22 , January 2016, Pages 56-37
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is measuring of international financial development and its effect on economy’s globalization in South-West Asia countries and Iran during the years 2004-2011.To do so, we have applied the data that published by the World Bank in 2014. In this research, Eviews econometric ...
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The purpose of this paper is measuring of international financial development and its effect on economy’s globalization in South-West Asia countries and Iran during the years 2004-2011.To do so, we have applied the data that published by the World Bank in 2014. In this research, Eviews econometric software and panel data method are used. The results of measure has shown that the international financial development index in south-west Asia countries during the years 2004-2011 is estimated at 0.21. and the average score of 0.39 is for Iran. So, in the international financial setor, Iran has titeled as relatively developed country among the south-west Asian countries. The results have shown that the international financial development index in southwest Asia and Iran is negative with a decreasing trend and also the index has decreased over the period. Finaly the results have shown that the relationship between international financial development index and economy’s globalization is significant.
Economic Growth
Ahmad Jafari Samimi; elham alizadeh malafeh
Volume 6, Issue 22 , January 2016, Pages 70-57
Abstract
Expansion of energy consumption and trend of rising emissions of pollutants resulting from the combustion of energy carriers in the world has caused environmental crises which be recognized as one of the most important challenges which governments in the twenty-first century are facing. That is why governments ...
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Expansion of energy consumption and trend of rising emissions of pollutants resulting from the combustion of energy carriers in the world has caused environmental crises which be recognized as one of the most important challenges which governments in the twenty-first century are facing. That is why governments try to take various policies and programs in order to overcome on environmental problems such as air pollution. One of the most common types of policies that cause minimum inefficiency in the economy is obtaining the green taxes which is applied on the basis of cost. Accordingly, in this study, the effects of increase of green taxes on economic growth, based on the design of Computable General Equilibrium model for Iran and implementation of Social Accounting Matrix in 2001 in the form of eight scenarios were examined.
The increasing rates of taxes from one to forty percent have been done in eight scenarios. The obtained results show that the increasing rate of green taxes as an indirect one increases the economic growth in all scenarios. also the positive effect of lower pollution leads in positive economic growth in all scenarios, too.
Economic Growth
Behnam Ebrahimi; Mohammad Vaez Barzani; Rahim Dallali Esfahani; Majid Fakhar
Volume 6, Issue 22 , January 2016, Pages 84-71
Abstract
It’s expected, theoretically, that financial development, facilitates allocation of resources to most-productive uses and thereby fosters economic growth. Nonetheless, some opponent theories and evidences, implies that financial development may has different and to some extent antonym effects on ...
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It’s expected, theoretically, that financial development, facilitates allocation of resources to most-productive uses and thereby fosters economic growth. Nonetheless, some opponent theories and evidences, implies that financial development may has different and to some extent antonym effects on economic growth in different situations. Specifically, qualitative financial development (financial innovations), in addition to augmenting economic efficiency, could result in regulatory arbitrage (financial institutions efforts to sidestep regulatory restrictions in order to gain more profits) which, in turn, distorts fundamental economic variables from optimum levels and thereby affects economic growth negatively. In this study, we use a semi-parametric model, based on a monetary/financial economic growth model, and data from Iran economy for the period of 1990-2012 to empirically evaluate the effect of unexpected occurrence of financial innovation on capital formation. According to results of the study, qualitative financial development would scale down capital formation and economic growth. Additionally, results reveal that regulated reserve requirements in Iran might be at their optimal level.
OPEC
Abo Alghasem AsnaAshari; Kamran Nadri; Asghar Abolhasani; Nader Mehregan; Mohammad Reza Babaei
Volume 6, Issue 22 , January 2016, Pages 102-85
Abstract
Like most of oil exporting countries, Iran’s economy is exposed to the government’s great share of economic activites, complicated monetary and economic policies and a meager activity in production section.Thus a shock in oil price has a significant effect on domestic production, inflation ...
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Like most of oil exporting countries, Iran’s economy is exposed to the government’s great share of economic activites, complicated monetary and economic policies and a meager activity in production section.Thus a shock in oil price has a significant effect on domestic production, inflation and money. On the proposed model of Qu and Perron (2007), the present study Investigates structural shocks of Iran’s economy stemed from exogenous oil price considering the variables of production, inflation and money as independent and endogenous variables during the period from March 1961 to February 2012. Accordingly, five structural shocks have been identified in September 1973, July 1979, May 1990, July 1994 and May 2006. The most considerable effect of oil price on production, inflation and money growth were in the first, first and fifth regimes respectively. Moreover, the longest period of oil price effects on production, inflation and money growth were in forth, second and fifth regimes respectively.
s
Somayeh Hasanvand; Mansour Zarra-Nezhad; Amir Hossein Montazer-Hojat
Volume 6, Issue 22 , January 2016, Pages 118-103
Abstract
The shadow economy is a real phenomenon with significant and complex concepts that requires deep study and attention. For all the countries of the worldespecially developing countries which possess a more expanded volume of these activities, always there are concerns about the growing tendency of shadow ...
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The shadow economy is a real phenomenon with significant and complex concepts that requires deep study and attention. For all the countries of the worldespecially developing countries which possess a more expanded volume of these activities, always there are concerns about the growing tendency of shadow economy. Due to the hidden nature of the shadow economy and its unregistration, official statistics don’t reveal the exact status of the governmental economy and since these statistics are applied to policy- making, inexact figures and information can lead to inappropriate political responses. In the present paper, the aim is to investigate the effect of unemployment rate on the shadow economy in 67 developing countries in period of 1999-2009. The paper’s data analysis is System Generalized Method of Moments (System GMM) approach. By and large, the results of this approach show that in the countries under study the unemployment rate has a positive effect on the shadow economy.
Economic Growth
samad hekmati farid; Yosef Mohamad zadeh; Diman Khazali
Volume 6, Issue 22 , January 2016, Pages 130-119
Abstract
The aim of this paper is investigating the effect of business regulations and intellectual property rights on economic performance. More precisely, we attempt to examine this issue for a sample of 46 middle and upper middle income countries over the period 2004-2013. We use the World Bank Doing Business ...
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The aim of this paper is investigating the effect of business regulations and intellectual property rights on economic performance. More precisely, we attempt to examine this issue for a sample of 46 middle and upper middle income countries over the period 2004-2013. We use the World Bank Doing Business indicators as measures of business regulations and panel data model is used for data analyses.
The results show that foreign direct investment, fixed capital formation, good governance (role of law and political stability), intellectual property rights and doing business (starting a business, dealing with construction permits, and getting credit) indexes have the positive and significant effect on economic growth in selected middle and upper middle income countries.
Economic Growth
mohammad rezaei; Kazem Yavari; Morteza Ezzati; Mansour Etesami
Volume 6, Issue 22 , January 2016, Pages 144-131
Abstract
This paper examines the effect of oil resource abundance on economic growth through the budget and external sector imbalances. The three equations -that have been extracted from theoretical explanation-estimated simultaneously, using 3SLS for the period 1973-2012. We find negative effects of non-oil ...
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This paper examines the effect of oil resource abundance on economic growth through the budget and external sector imbalances. The three equations -that have been extracted from theoretical explanation-estimated simultaneously, using 3SLS for the period 1973-2012. We find negative effects of non-oil budget deficit and non-oil trade deficit on economic growth. According to the estimations, budget deficit has caused the trade deficit, but the reverse is not true. So, it can be said twin deficit hypothesis is not confirmed. The effect of oil revenues and real exchange rate on non-oil trade deficit is negative and significant. Government spending has a positive effect on the budget deficit that is consistent with theoretical expectations. The impact of oil revenues on the non-oil trade deficit is positive and significant. In general, it can be said that although the impact of oil revenues on economic growth is positive, these incomes decrease economic growth through the exacerbate imbalances such as budget deficits and trade deficits.
s
ali younessi; Hadi Ghafari; Mohammad Hossein Porkazemi; Farhad Khodadad Kashi
Volume 6, Issue 22 , January 2016, Pages 164-145
Abstract
Increase in government spending can lead to increase in production, supply of public goods and services as well as utility. However, it should be noted that increasing the role of government in the economy will cause crowding out of the private sector and this will reduce the utility.
The present study ...
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Increase in government spending can lead to increase in production, supply of public goods and services as well as utility. However, it should be noted that increasing the role of government in the economy will cause crowding out of the private sector and this will reduce the utility.
The present study is looking for Iran's optimal growth rate of government's spending using time series data in the years 1978-2014. via a dynamic optimal control theory approach and the maximum principle.
The results show that, the optimal growth rate of government’s expenditure is 7% and the main factors affecting this rate is the ratio of private and public sector investment. Therefore, the current growth rate of government’s spending is not optimal and the government needs to control the growth rate of spending especially current expenditure.
