International Commerce
Mehdi Sadeghi Shahedani; Meysam Khosravi
Volume 6, Issue 23 , May 2016, Pages 32-13
Abstract
Efficient goals and policies that can be seen through development plans are the most important economic document for an economy. Development plans are affected by theoretical bases and also Iran's development plans are not as an exception. This paper tries to grasp the theories that are affect five years ...
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Efficient goals and policies that can be seen through development plans are the most important economic document for an economy. Development plans are affected by theoretical bases and also Iran's development plans are not as an exception. This paper tries to grasp the theories that are affect five years plans of Iran. To say more about subject we will answer such questions: how can discover the theoretical base of each plan? What are differences and similarities of plans over this subject? Following the subject requires library method in the research. Results would be reported for similarities the partial effect of capitalism on this plans and differences would found on some strategic selection point and basic economic theories like growth and justice. What makes this paper different to simple research is including fifth plan and discussion on each plan and also using development paradigms and theories for its analysis.
s
Mani Motameni
Volume 6, Issue 23 , May 2016, Pages 44-33
Abstract
This study tries to investigate wage-productivity relation in Iranian manufacturing industries. For this purpose, 21 rows of ISIC categories of Iranian factories have been used during years of 1998-2012. Panel data Econometric method has been applied for data processing in homogenous and heterogeneous ...
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This study tries to investigate wage-productivity relation in Iranian manufacturing industries. For this purpose, 21 rows of ISIC categories of Iranian factories have been used during years of 1998-2012. Panel data Econometric method has been applied for data processing in homogenous and heterogeneous mode. The initial result shows a unique explanation could not be found regarding productivity reaction to wage in different manufacturing industries. Therefore, the industries have been divided to two separate groups: the industries with high and low human capital. Then, wage-productivity relation has been tested separately for each group. The results show wage-productivity relation occurs in the industries with higher human capital. In other words, productivity will be increased by wage rising. However, there is not wage-productivity relation for the industries with low human capital.
Cultural Development
Amir Khadem Alizadeh; Ali Afsari
Volume 6, Issue 23 , May 2016, Pages 58-45
Abstract
Divine religions have a significant impact on formation of social norms and strengthening of social capital through the promotion of the moral virtues. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the impact of doctrines, rituals and ethical teachings of Islam on Muslims’ social capital in the 40 ...
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Divine religions have a significant impact on formation of social norms and strengthening of social capital through the promotion of the moral virtues. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the impact of doctrines, rituals and ethical teachings of Islam on Muslims’ social capital in the 40 countries using the generalized trust index and the ordinary least squares method. Research findings show that doctrinal and ethical indexes of Islam have a significant positive effect on social capital of Muslims but outward (ritual) indexes of Islam have a significant negative effect on social capital. Also this study confirms significant positive impact of social volunteer activities and college education on social capital. The policy recommendations of this study are planning to spread the doctrinal and ethical teachings ofIslam among Muslims and establishing the groundwork for expansion of social volunteer activities as two proposed strategies to increase the social capital of Muslims.
Monetary Shocks
Hamid Mohammad Roshani
Volume 6, Issue 23 , May 2016, Pages 74-59
Abstract
The structure of Iran’s economy is based on the revenues of oil sale so that the major macro economics variables such as foreign export revenue and then foreign exchange revenue and reserve, imports, budgeting are always set based on it. Hence the effect of this revenue has being surveyed among ...
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The structure of Iran’s economy is based on the revenues of oil sale so that the major macro economics variables such as foreign export revenue and then foreign exchange revenue and reserve, imports, budgeting are always set based on it. Hence the effect of this revenue has being surveyed among monetary officials seriously. Iran’s oil revenue causes increasing in foreign exchange reserve or change to the country’s currency in the budget deficit mode and consequently increases liquidity. Because the increase of liquidity has not been by productive activity, it caused so many economic failures in Iran. Using a 50 years time series data of macroeconomic variables, the main purpose of this survey is investigating the degree of effecting liquidity and its component by revenue of oil sale vai an econometric OLS model to verify how the revenue of oil sale motivates the liquidity and it’s components. In this case we can find the ways of managing and programming the revenue of oil sale as an exogenous variable to control the effects of disordered liquidity.
Economic Growth
Abolfazl Shahabadi; Hossein Sohrabi vafa; Yunes Salmani
Volume 6, Issue 23 , May 2016, Pages 88-75
Abstract
The recent economic growth theories believe that the inovation developed in response to economic incentives is the main engine of technological progress and economic growth traditionally. Thus this study investigates the role of capital and R&D activities in Iran, Turkey and Malaysia with distributed ...
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The recent economic growth theories believe that the inovation developed in response to economic incentives is the main engine of technological progress and economic growth traditionally. Thus this study investigates the role of capital and R&D activities in Iran, Turkey and Malaysia with distributed lag regression during 1981-2012. The result indicates that in the long term, in Malaysia, impact of R&D activities, is sustainable and more stable on economic growth in comparison with Iran and Turkey. Also the R&D investment compared with physical capital has a greater impacton economic growth inTurkey and Iran.
Economic Growth
Mohsen Mehrara; Sadeq Rezaei Bargoshadi
Volume 6, Issue 23 , May 2016, Pages 114-89
Abstract
This paper identifies determinants of economic growth in Iran, by using averaging methods and annual time series data from 1974 to 2012. The results indicate that ratio of oil revenue toGDPis the most important variable affecting economic growth. Also the second and third effective variables on growth ...
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This paper identifies determinants of economic growth in Iran, by using averaging methods and annual time series data from 1974 to 2012. The results indicate that ratio of oil revenue toGDPis the most important variable affecting economic growth. Also the second and third effective variables on growth are respectively ratio of imported capital and intermediate goods toGDPand labor force which lead to an increase in growth. Endogenous growth factors which are the factors contributing to formation of human capital, not possess a large role in growth process. Investments, especially government investment affects contrary to were expected. In fact, low quality, and productivity of investments and poor allocation reduced importance of investment’s quantity. The nature of Iran’s economy has not endogenous and dynamic features and predominantly, growth has been made by injecting of exogenous sources. Emphasis on formal and informal educational orientation in the quality of human capital instead of increasing in quantity of education is recommended.
Monetary policy
Mohammad Lashkary; Mehdi Behname; maliheh hassani
Volume 6, Issue 23 , May 2016, Pages 130-115
Abstract
Today in all countries one of the macroeconomic objectives is achieving an acceptable level of labor employment, for that must be regarded capacities and relative advantages for each of the economic sectors. Due to the importance and share of services sector of total employment and exchange rate volatility ...
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Today in all countries one of the macroeconomic objectives is achieving an acceptable level of labor employment, for that must be regarded capacities and relative advantages for each of the economic sectors. Due to the importance and share of services sector of total employment and exchange rate volatility in recent years in Iran; the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of real exchange rate uncertainty on employment for services sector in Iran from 1974 to 2012. The ARCH approach used for estimating real exchange rate uncertainty and ARDL model for employment pattern. According to research results, the real exchange rate uncertainty has a positive impact on employment in services sector in Iran; because the effect of real exchange rate uncertainty on employment in agricultural and industry sectors is negative. So the labor departed from agriculture and industry will transfer to services sector. Relationship between added value and per capita capital on employment in this sector is negative, that indicates labor and capital are replaced for each other in which capital replaced for labor in both short and long term. Import of services has positive effect and export of services has negative impact on employment in services sector.
بازار سرمایه
mohammad doudangi
Volume 6, Issue 23 , May 2016, Pages 147-131
Abstract
The investments are represented as a driving force in economic theory and continual, stable and essential economic growth is a necessary condition for social-economic development. The increase of investments volume leads to growth of production, income, value added, wealth, employment and reduction of ...
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The investments are represented as a driving force in economic theory and continual, stable and essential economic growth is a necessary condition for social-economic development. The increase of investments volume leads to growth of production, income, value added, wealth, employment and reduction of poverty level. The issue of capital and investment in the economic development is of special importance, therefore, in order to achieve an advanced and dynamic economy, governments have paid special attention to the matter through enactment and enforcement of certain laws and regulations, provision of necessary infrastructures, optimal use of the resources, facilities, capacities, capabilities as well as application of scientific and logical management so as to pave the way for further development of their respective countries and communities. The main goal of this article is to analyse internal and foreign investment’s attraction problems and difficulties and propose suitable solutions. The main scientific results of the research are: - It is shown that oil prices and oil incomes fluctuations, international sanctions, foreign exchange rates fluctuations and high inflation rate, have lead to increase FDI in Iran. Despite these positive tendencies the attraction level of FDI is still on the insufficient level. - The evaluation results of econometric models showed the effects of national income, GDP, government expenses, inflation rate, openness degree of economy, human capital and FDI on the total volume of investments. As a result of research, new approaches were developed. The results represented in this article can be used in the programs aimed at improving an investment environment in Iran and in the countries with the similar problems. Also, respective legislative reforms is necessary to improve FDI in Iran.
