Akbar Komijani; Gholamali Haji
Volume 2, Issue 7 , September 2012, Pages 20-9
Abstract
In this article growth resources for Iran will be assessed for the period of 1959 – 2010 in format of two models. In the first model in addition of labor and capital from export, government expenditure and terms of trade in the production process will be used as effective inputs. Inserting export ...
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In this article growth resources for Iran will be assessed for the period of 1959 – 2010 in format of two models. In the first model in addition of labor and capital from export, government expenditure and terms of trade in the production process will be used as effective inputs. Inserting export was because of offering improvement of production technique training of skilled labor and work wild improvement was because of open economy and also inserting government spending and also terms of trade was because of dependence of government budget to oil and open economy of country. In the second model, economy will be divided to, two sectors of export and non – export that each of these sectors has a separate production function. In this model growth not only occurs because of labor and capital in export sector but also reallocation of resources from non – export sector to export sector will be effective in growth. In both models there is a positive and significant relation between export and economic growth. In both models Bruesch-Godfrey statistic indicates to the lack of serial correlation between residual terms also Bruesch-Pagan-Godfrey statistic indicates to lack of infinite consistency residual term variance.
Abolfazl Shahabadi; Zahra Khany
Volume 2, Issue 7 , September 2012, Pages 32-21
Abstract
Decreasing unemployment rate is one of the most striking objects for economic planners and decision makers; and achieves to this, will lead to solve a lot of economic and social problems. According to theory and empirical studies, total factor productivity growth has a determinant role in unemployment ...
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Decreasing unemployment rate is one of the most striking objects for economic planners and decision makers; and achieves to this, will lead to solve a lot of economic and social problems. According to theory and empirical studies, total factor productivity growth has a determinant role in unemployment rate. This study investigates the impacts of total factor productivity on the unemployment rate in the economy of Iran, based on annual data spanning the period 1971-2009. Results of the study indicate that total factor productivity growth has a significant and negative effect on unemployment rate of Iran's economy in the short-term and long-term. On the one hand, Granger causality test shows two-way causality relationship between unemployment rate and total factor productivity rate in economy of Iran, both in the short-term and the long-term. Thus, promoting the level of technical knowledge (technology) and enhancing motivation of workforce for more and use full work as well as avoiding of determining wages as imperative and other production factors, can move toward increase total factor productivity and reduce unemployment rate of Iran’s economy.
Mohammad Hasan Fotros; Esmaeil Torkamani
Volume 2, Issue 7 , September 2012, Pages 50-33
Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of modified human development on sustainability of economic growth for the period of 1980 to 2008 in developed and developing countries by using a system of simultaneous equations. Results of the estimations using a 3SLS method indicate that modified ...
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This paper investigates the effect of modified human development on sustainability of economic growth for the period of 1980 to 2008 in developed and developing countries by using a system of simultaneous equations. Results of the estimations using a 3SLS method indicate that modified human development index has a positive effect on economic growth in the three groups of countries: the coefficient for high per capita income countries is 12.4; in countries with average per capita income it is 5.2; and it is 5.8 for countries with low per capita income. In other words, the effect of modified human development index on economic growth in developed countries is tow times higher than of developing countries. For the non-sustainability, results indicate that there is an inverse N relationship between non-sustainability and modified human development index in high per capita income countries; but for countries with average and low per capita income, there is a simple N shape relationship.
Zahra Nasorllahi Nasorllahi; Fakhr-o-Sadat Salehi
Volume 2, Issue 7 , September 2012, Pages 66-51
Abstract
Location of eco-industrial park is one of the most effective factors to achieve the sustainable development because eco-industrial park causes to coordinate goal of different groups: economic development planners, urban development planners, economic firms and environment objective. Therefore, the main ...
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Location of eco-industrial park is one of the most effective factors to achieve the sustainable development because eco-industrial park causes to coordinate goal of different groups: economic development planners, urban development planners, economic firms and environment objective. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to determine the criteria influencing the location of industrial park according to sustainable development indicators. Study of existing literature shows that social, economic, environmental, infrastructure and planning factors are effective factors to locate industrial park according to sustainable development. Prioritization of criteria is according to Fuzzy AHP and triangular fuzzy number. The results of this study show that social and economic factors are the most important factors in location of industrial parks.
Seyed Ebrahim Hoseininasab; Hatef Hazeri Niri
Volume 2, Issue 7 , September 2012, Pages 80-67
Abstract
Measuring the economic effects of energy subsidy reform and determining how to apply protective measures to reduce its negative effects are the most essential steps in determining the conditions and scenarios of energy price reform. This paper evaluates the effects of energy subsidy reform on inflation ...
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Measuring the economic effects of energy subsidy reform and determining how to apply protective measures to reduce its negative effects are the most essential steps in determining the conditions and scenarios of energy price reform. This paper evaluates the effects of energy subsidy reform on inflation and GDP based on approved scenarios by Parliament in 2010 using standard computable general equilibrium (SCGE) model. The results show that reforming energy carrier’s subsidies without income redistribution will result in a significant fall in total production and employment and will lead to higher inflation. On the other hand, supportive government policies and income redistribution resulting from energy price reforms under various scenarios to producers and consumers considerably will compensate increased production costs and will decline the percent of unemployment and reduction in total production. In contrast, the increased liquidity resulting from redistribution increases the pressure of demand and inflation.
Saeed i Rasekh; Milad Shahrazi; Mohamad Reza Abdollahi
Volume 2, Issue 7 , September 2012, Pages 90-81
Abstract
This paper examines asymmetric impact of exchange rate and its risk (volatility) on Iran’s non oil export. The asymmetric effect indicates to differently affect exchange rate and its volatility on export at periods of exchange rate moving up and down. To test this hypothesis, we have first measured ...
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This paper examines asymmetric impact of exchange rate and its risk (volatility) on Iran’s non oil export. The asymmetric effect indicates to differently affect exchange rate and its volatility on export at periods of exchange rate moving up and down. To test this hypothesis, we have first measured the volatility by using exponential GARCH and then we’ve estimated the export equation including the volatility during time period 1959-2007. Based on the results, the effect of exchange rate on the export is positive and asymmetric. Also, the volatility of exchange rate has a negative and an asymmetric effect. So, the hypothesis is verified. This may be due to the asymmetric feeling of exporters about the risk and reflect their anti risk behavior. Based on the results, economic policy makers should make different policies while exchange rate moving down compared with its moving up in order to minimize the negative effects of the volatility.
Ali Changi Ashtiani
Volume 2, Issue 7 , September 2012, Pages 101-91
Abstract
The history of electricity industry dates back to one hundred years ago. In Iran, the electricity industry is transiting from the typical monopoly to the competitive markets and a new paradigm is the producers compete with each other to sell the energy. In the present research, the long-term and short-term ...
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The history of electricity industry dates back to one hundred years ago. In Iran, the electricity industry is transiting from the typical monopoly to the competitive markets and a new paradigm is the producers compete with each other to sell the energy. In the present research, the long-term and short-term models of electrical energy in Iran has been estimated using time-series data and correlation techniques in econometrics specifically the dynamic self-explanatory models with auto regressive distributed lag model (ARDL) and error correction model (ECM). After estimating the electricity demand function, the prediction of the whole country electricity demand was carried out. The results confirmed the inelasticity of electricity demand in proportion to the electricity price indicated by other studies in Iran and other countries. According to the Power Ministry statistics, the aggregate electricity demand has been 176230 million kw/h in 2009 which after implementing the targeting subsidies plan in the first year, this number has been decreased to 170067 million kw/h with a 3.5 % decline in the electricity demand. Finally, the aggregate electricity demand is expected to increase to 240020 million kw/h by the year 2025.
