Maryam Ramezani; Yeganeh Mousavi Jahromi; Mojgan Moallemy; Ali Reza Sharif Moghadasi
Abstract
Economic vulnerability, is a country’s structural feature, making it exposed by out-of-control economic exogenous variables.On the other hand, resilience stems from how macroeconomic policies are adopted.The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between sustainable development, ...
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Economic vulnerability, is a country’s structural feature, making it exposed by out-of-control economic exogenous variables.On the other hand, resilience stems from how macroeconomic policies are adopted.The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between sustainable development, vulnerability and resilience in the Iran's economy in the time period of 1391-1398.In this way, sustainable development consists of 5 Dimensions: Economic, Social, Environmental, Governance, Peripheral and also includes 44 variables as a sub-indicator of each development's dimension. It uses graph theory and Tarjan Algorithm for study the network structure of relationships between variables. The Algorithm identifies34 variables as the fundamental variables affecting economic resilience and vulnerability and introduces economic and governance Dimensions as control (major) Dimensions; Social, Environmental and Peripheral Dimensions as Contingent (minor) Dimensions.The results show that weakness of Iran's economy in this period was due to vulnerability and resilience in governance and economy Dimensions.Among the contingent Dimensions, the Peripheral dimension has the worst situation in terms of vulnerability and resilience.The innovation of this research is in studying the Dimensions of sustainable development and its effect on vulnerability and resilience, moreover graph theory has been used in order to study the influential variables for the first time in Iran. In this algorithm, without limiting the number of input variables, the phenomenon can be analyzed comprehensively. furthermore, a holistic table has been prepared, by focusing on the variables affecting the state of vulnerability and resilience in the theoretical foundations of the subject, that has not been shown in any other studies.
Firouz Fallahi; Mohsen Porebadallahan; SeyedKamal Sadeghi; Tohid Shokri
Abstract
The relationship between the economic growth and the environment quality and degradation is one of the most debated topics among the economists and environmentalists. Economic growth usually requires more consumption of energy, which leads to more environment degradation. Substituting renewable energy ...
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The relationship between the economic growth and the environment quality and degradation is one of the most debated topics among the economists and environmentalists. Economic growth usually requires more consumption of energy, which leads to more environment degradation. Substituting renewable energy sources for fossil fuels would prevent environment degradation; however, it will hinder the economic growth. Therefore, the relationship between the economic growth and environment could go in both directions and previous studies have shown different results. This study uses time-frequency analysis through wavelet transforms to examine this relationship in Iran using the data from the first quarter in 1991 to the last quarter in 2016. This approach allows identifying the change in the relationship between the variables over different time horizons. To that end, we calculate the coherence and energy of the wavelets over different time horizons using Matlab 2018a. The results show that in the short-run (less than a year) and mid-run (between one and four years), economic growth is the cause of environment and an increase in the economic growth would cause environment degradation. The results from the short and medium run show that this relationship was much stronger during the periods 2012-2015 and 2009-2010. However, in the long run, there is no causality between the two variables so environment regulations would not hinder the economic growth.
mohamad ali shabani; Mahmood Hooshmand; Ali Akbar Naji Meidani; mohammad Ghorbani
Abstract
Cities play an important role in population distribution and economic growth. One of the aspects addressed in the urban economics literature is the relationship between urbanization and economic growth. Urbanization is the relationship between population, employment, migration and environment, Given ...
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Cities play an important role in population distribution and economic growth. One of the aspects addressed in the urban economics literature is the relationship between urbanization and economic growth. Urbanization is the relationship between population, employment, migration and environment, Given that the economic growth of a geographical area is affected by variables and the effects of overflows of other areas, especially its neighbors, in addition to the spatial dependence created through these variables, the effects that are common to all geographical areas also cause correlation in economic growth of units. They become geographical, so it is necessary to differentiate between the dependence created by these factors and the spatial dependence caused by the spatial effects of variables, because otherwise the role of spatial effects will be more colorful than it really is. Therefore, to control these effects, spatial patterns were estimated once without these effects and once with these effects in 30 provinces of Iran. The results show that even considering the effects of common factors, there is still a positive autocorrelation. There is a gap between the economic growth of the provinces of the country . Results of applying the effects of common factors show is that considering these effects has reduced the intensity of the spatial effect. Also, the results of estimating the dynamic spatial Durbin model indicate that the relationship between urbanization and economic growth of Iranian provinces is inverted U and the effects of urban spillover on economic growth. Neighboring provinces are positive and meaningful.
Seyed Hussein Fatemi Nsab; Zohreh Hajiha; Ghodratollah Emamverdi; Ali Baghani
Abstract
The tourism industry is the largest and most diverse industry in the world. The impact of tourism on increasing employment and foreign exchange earnings, the prosperity of domestic industries, the expansion of international cooperation has changed the attitude of countries around the world and has found ...
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The tourism industry is the largest and most diverse industry in the world. The impact of tourism on increasing employment and foreign exchange earnings, the prosperity of domestic industries, the expansion of international cooperation has changed the attitude of countries around the world and has found an important place in government policy. Therefore, in this study, the orthogonal effect of financial development and tourism on economic growth in Iran has been modeled using the factor-augmented vector regression model (FAVAR) combined with the model of variable parameters over time (TVP). And using time series data during the years 1363 to 1397 has been studied. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between economic growth and tourism and a positive and significant relationship between economic growth and financial development. Financial development such as easy turnover in the country of origin and the simple use of financial instruments to finance tourists play an important role in the growth of this industry. Just as increased financial development leads to economic growth, so does economic growth lead to improved infrastructure and the development of the tourism industry.
Azita Sheikhbahaie; saeed Daei-Karimzadeh; sara ghobadi
Abstract
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is an international cooperation mechanism that provides developing countries to achieve economic growth by promoting investment in clean energy projects. This study investigates the effect of investments on renewable energy through clean development mechanism in ...
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The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is an international cooperation mechanism that provides developing countries to achieve economic growth by promoting investment in clean energy projects. This study investigates the effect of investments on renewable energy through clean development mechanism in a selection of developing countries using the method of differences in differences during the period 2001-2018. The purpose of this study is to compare the spread of renewable energy in countries that accepted the Clean Development Mechanism in comparison with others. The effect of implementing this mechanism in developing countries with poor financial markets compared to developing countries with advanced financial markets is also examined. The results show that the implementation of clean development mechanism in developing countries leads to the expansion of renewable energy. This mechanism can finance clean energy projects and transfer modern technologies to these countries. Also, according to the results, the effect of implementing the clean development mechanism in developing countries with poor financial markets is far more developed than advanced financial markets.
yaghoub andayesh; Hasan Farzmand; Fatemeh Hamidi
Abstract
the development of education in Iran has not led to the development and increase of economic growth. In contrast, Singapore has been able to achieve high economic growth and development based on the development of education. The purpose of this study is to compare Iran and Singapore in the links between ...
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the development of education in Iran has not led to the development and increase of economic growth. In contrast, Singapore has been able to achieve high economic growth and development based on the development of education. The purpose of this study is to compare Iran and Singapore in the links between education and the whole economy and economic sectors. To examine the links between education and economic sectors and to determine its position among other sectors, the backward, forward and the total linkage are used and is examined in the framework of the Special Vector Approach. For this purpose, the Input-Output of 1390 Iran and 2011 Singapore, which have 31 sectors, has been used.The results show that the education backward linkage in Singapore is 45% higher than in Iran. On the other hand, the education forward linkage for Singapore is 135% higher than Iran, and educational services in Singapore are more supply-oriented than demand-oriented. Also, the total education linkage for Singapore is 86% higher than Iran and it shows the high impact of the education sector in Singapore compared to Iran. In terms of ranking linkages, the education sector has a relatively low ranking among the economic sectors in Iran. Thus, among 31 economic activities, this sector is ranked 28th in the backward linkage, 30th in the forward linkage and 31st in the total linkage. For Singapore, on the other hand, it ranks 30th in the backward linkage, 3th in the forward linkage and 18th in the total linkage.
Mohammad Vaez Barzani; Mohammad Mohammadi Motlagh
Abstract
Abstract:In many countries, governments have a significant impact on economy through the implementation of monetary and fiscal policies. However, the implementation of inter generational distribution policies, which are in fact the application of fiscal policies in favor of a certain age group of society, ...
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Abstract:In many countries, governments have a significant impact on economy through the implementation of monetary and fiscal policies. However, the implementation of inter generational distribution policies, which are in fact the application of fiscal policies in favor of a certain age group of society, has been received less attention by policymakers in developing countries, including Iran.The purpose of this study shows the impact of inter generational fiscal distribution policies on economic growth, using the overlapping generations model developed Blanchard (1985) and calibrating the model, by applying MATLAB software to extract the steady-state equilibrium conditions for consumption growth and capital in Iran economy.The research results point out that the impacts of distributive fiscal policies on capital growth and consumption growth as two variables affecting the growth rate of the economy, have two separable statuses. The first status belongs to the smoothing rate of consumption in utility functions with constant relative risk aversion (CRRA) which it is less than one; In mentioned situation, by applying distributive fiscal policies in favor of the young age group, the Iranian economy is faced with an increase in capital growth and consumption growth, and the second status is a situation where the smoothing rate of consumption is chosen more than one. In said case, the applying fiscal policies have different results from the previous status.JEL: C61, D31, E21.
