Mohammadreza Lali; Saeed Daei-Karimzadeh; Farzad Karimi
Abstract
Recent studies on complex networks in international trade show the number of partners; trade intensity, indirect trade connections and the central position of each partner in the trade network have significant effects on economic growth. The network analysis approach in investigating the effect of trade ...
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Recent studies on complex networks in international trade show the number of partners; trade intensity, indirect trade connections and the central position of each partner in the trade network have significant effects on economic growth. The network analysis approach in investigating the effect of trade on economic growth, unlike conventional methods, can identify and measure indirect trade relations (intermediary countries in trade) in international interactions. This research aims to investigate world trade centrality indicators’ effects on economic growth using panel data of 42 chosen countries of Asia and CIS, in two steps. At first, the weighted directional matrices of trade was made and then the centrality indices of the countries were calculated for the selected years according to a complex network approach. Then the effect of the aforementioned indices as an explanatory variable of trade on economic growth has been investigated, and these were compared with the effect of the trade openness index.The results of the research show that compared to the conventional indicator of the trade openness index, the centrality indicators of the world trade network show a better explanation of economic growth while having more effect. Among these, the closeness centrality (due to having a core role in the network and the entanglement of trade relations) and the eigenvector centrality (due to establishing relationships with countries that are connected with important partners in the network) have more effects on economic growth.
Energy
Elham Nobahar; Neda Sadeghi
Abstract
Energy, as one of the most important factors of production, plays a crucial role in the economic growth of countries, but in today's world, addressing economic growth issues without considering the aspects of sustainable development and intergenerational consequences is impossible. Considering the importance ...
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Energy, as one of the most important factors of production, plays a crucial role in the economic growth of countries, but in today's world, addressing economic growth issues without considering the aspects of sustainable development and intergenerational consequences is impossible. Considering the importance and differences of renewable and non-renewable energies in the sustainable development of countries, the main purpose of this study is to examine the causal relationship between economic growth and the consumption of renewable and non-renewable energies in the D8 and G7 countries. Using two causality approaches, Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) and Konya (2006), this study investigates the relationship between these variables over the period from 2000 to 2022. The findings of this study reveal a unidirectional causality from GDP to renewable energy consumption in the D8 countries. Additionally, no causal relationship is observed between non-renewable energy consumption and GDP in these countries. In other words, in the D8 countries, economic growth is not influenced by energy consumption; however, as economic growth increases, these countries tend to adopt renewable energy sources. On the other hand, in the G7 countries that are more developed, the results indicate a unidirectional causal relationship from the consumption of renewable energy to GDP. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate a unidirectional causality from domestic gross production to non-renewable energy consumption. Hence, in the G7 countries, economic growth is influenced by the consumption of renewable energy and, in turn, impacts the consumption of non-renewable energy.
Seyed Ehsan Hosseinidoust; Hamid Sepehrdoost; Farshid Moradi
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of factors affecting capability poverty in the selected Muslim countries known as the D8 group relying on the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method during the period of 1997-2021. Results show the negative and significant effect of ...
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The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of factors affecting capability poverty in the selected Muslim countries known as the D8 group relying on the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method during the period of 1997-2021. Results show the negative and significant effect of globalization on capability poverty in the D8 countries during the covered period, such that for each unit increase in the globalization index, capability poverty decreases by 1.8%, which indicates a relative improvement in the welfare of these countries. Likewise, the impact of economic growth on capability poverty is positive, so that a one percent increases in economic growth leads to an increase in capability poverty by 0.21 percent. Such finding can be due to not utilization of the benefits of growth to improve welfare infrastructure in the mentioned countries. In addition, the effect of control variables such as inflation and geographical distribution of the population has also been evaluated positively on capability poverty. Based on the findings of the current study, it is recommended to adopt inflation control programs and moving towards the promotion of globalization indicators in the economies of the D8 group.
s
Ali Rezazadeh; ali moridian; ّFatemeh havasbeigi,
Abstract
One of the most important lessons of the global financial crisis in 2008 was the importance of maintaining financial stability and curbing systematic risk. Meanwhile, most developing economies around the world are seeking to increase the inclusiveness of their financial systems. Financial inclusion is ...
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One of the most important lessons of the global financial crisis in 2008 was the importance of maintaining financial stability and curbing systematic risk. Meanwhile, most developing economies around the world are seeking to increase the inclusiveness of their financial systems. Financial inclusion is critical to inclusive growth and provides policy solutions to remove barriers that exclude people from financial markets. In this regard, the main goal of this study is to investigate the effect of financial inclusion and the size of the shadow economy on the economic growth of MENA countries during the period of 2018-2008. The results of spatial panel model estimation show that financial inclusion has a positive and significant effect on economic growth. This means that financial inclusion is an effective tool in strengthening rapid economic growth. The positive relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth shows that increasing banking penetration, availability of banking centers and geographic penetration can strengthen economic growth in the long run. Also, in the studied economies, the size of the shadow economy has a significant negative effect on economic growth, and this shows that the shadow economy is an obstacle to economic development.
Co2 Emissions
uosef mehnatfar; fariba osmani; Mehdi cheshomi; Lila Aghar
Abstract
In recent decades, economic growth along with environmental protection is important issue facing most economic societies. On the other hand, with the increase of new technologies and the trade openness, the effect of changing new and extensive structures on the environment has become very important. ...
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In recent decades, economic growth along with environmental protection is important issue facing most economic societies. On the other hand, with the increase of new technologies and the trade openness, the effect of changing new and extensive structures on the environment has become very important. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of economic complexity and trade openness on the ecological footprint (as an indicator of environmental degradation). For this purpose, the data of 18 developing countries in Asia during the study period from 1990 to 2017 have been used with the Panel-Quantile approach. In addition, the variables of GDP per capita, globalization and financial development were considered as control variables. The results of this study show that the increase in economic complexity in different quantiles reports different results, so that with a one percent increase in economic complexity in the 10th quantile, the ecological footprint has decreased by more than one percent, but an increase in economic complexity in the 50th quantile has caused the deterioration of the quality of the environment. The results show that the increase in trade in all quantiles has helped to improve the environment. Moreover, with increasing globalization and financial development, the ecological footprint has increased in all quantiles. In addition, the results of this study indicate that the increase in per capita income has reported different results in different quantiles.
Co2 Emissions
Abstract
The article purpose is analysis of decoupling relationship between CO2 emissions energy-related and economic growth in 6 Middle East countries in period 1990-2019. For this, CO2 emissions driving mechanisms were first quantified using Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method, and then decomposed ...
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The article purpose is analysis of decoupling relationship between CO2 emissions energy-related and economic growth in 6 Middle East countries in period 1990-2019. For this, CO2 emissions driving mechanisms were first quantified using Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method, and then decomposed into factors of CO2 emission coefficient, energy intensity, economic activity and population. Next, the decoupling state of each country was analyzed using the Tapio model. The findings show that population and economic activities factors were main drivers of CO2 emissions in these countries. The results of decoupling elasticity showed that Iran was in a weak decoupling state in period of 1990-1999 and 2015-2019; It means the simultaneous increase of economic growth and carbon emissions, of course, by faster economic growth; Iran had also an expansive coupling state in period of 2000-2014, which indicates that CO2 emissions increase along economic growth. The UAE and Saudi Arabia have reached an ideal situation in recent years. These countries have moved from a negative decoupling and expansive coupling state to a strong decoupling state, where economic growth has been accompanied by a reduction in carbon emissions. The Kuwait and Turkey have been in a stable situation and have been in weak decoupling and negative expansive decoupling states in the last 3 decades, in which economic growth was accompanied by an increase in carbon emissions, but economic growth increased faster in Kuwait. At the beginning, the Egypt has changed to a weak decoupling state and then moved to an expansive negative decoupling state.
Human Capital
ali younessi
Abstract
In macroeconomic literature, the growth of human capital is so important that if economic growth occurs and this growth cannot improve the condition of human capital, it seems that the efforts have been fruitless. Human capital is measured through the HDI index, and due to the need to improve it, many ...
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In macroeconomic literature, the growth of human capital is so important that if economic growth occurs and this growth cannot improve the condition of human capital, it seems that the efforts have been fruitless. Human capital is measured through the HDI index, and due to the need to improve it, many studies have been conducted in this field.Human capital in any country is based on the state of human capital in the provinces of the country. Providing better services to human capital will improve this huge capital, and achieving it requires the existence of sufficient funds and powers in the provinces. The vastness of the country may not allow the government to optimally allocate resources, so usually local authorities try to have more authority for the growth of human capital through various pursuits and bargaining, which increases the authority of the governor, which is financial decentralization.Financial decentralization is a multi-dimensional process in which some powers are transferred from the central government to the governors, and the most important of which is the return of all revenues of each province to the same province and the sending of grants to the provinces through the central government.The results of the research show that the increase in financial decentralization and the return of revenues from each province to the same province and even grants from the central government have a significant positive effect on the amount of public spending, economic growth, reducing the population of low-income people.
hasti bagheri; Asqar Abolhasani Hstyany; Yeganeh Mousavi Jahromi; kamran mani
Abstract
Today, taxes play an important role in the economic growth and development of countries by maintaining the existence of the government and financing social programs and infrastructure investment. Also, taxation helps to allocate resources, redistribute income and correct negative externalities as well ...
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Today, taxes play an important role in the economic growth and development of countries by maintaining the existence of the government and financing social programs and infrastructure investment. Also, taxation helps to allocate resources, redistribute income and correct negative externalities as well as support domestic industries. Therefore, tax evasion reduces the role of tax effectiveness in the mentioned cases. The relevance of the subject of the study is evident from the fact that every year an important part of financial income is lost through the activities of financial planning, financial evasion and tax evasion carried out by the private sector. The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between tax evasion and economic growth during the period of 1399-1390 Iran. For this purpose, seasonal data from Denton's method and estimated tax evasion data have been used. In this study, in the form of a three-part model, the effect of extra-fiscal on economic growth has been investigated using Autorgessive distributed lag (ARDL). The results show that in the short term, in the economic growth model, the coefficient of tax evasion variables, employment rate, foreign investment and oil income is negative. However, in the long run, the impact of tax evasion, employment rate, oil revenue and average tax burden on economic growth is positive. Despite the fact that the coefficient of foreign investment is not significant.
javad arbab; seyed reza hoseini
Abstract
The focus of the development policies of the capitalist economy on axial growth has seriously influenced the various approaches of spiritualism; Apart from the initial motivations for controlling the dangers of violent desires in promoting capitalist thought, the spread of emerging spiritualities, as ...
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The focus of the development policies of the capitalist economy on axial growth has seriously influenced the various approaches of spiritualism; Apart from the initial motivations for controlling the dangers of violent desires in promoting capitalist thought, the spread of emerging spiritualities, as well as the ever-increasing changes in the conceptual structure of spirituality, provided a good platform for turning spirituality an important tool for capitalist goals. Among these, the nature and manner of the interrelationships between spirituality and economic growth, as well as how they affect each other, are essential elements for understanding and analyzing the capitalist economy. In this article, by examining and analyzing the documents related to spiritualist approaches in the capitalist literature, the relations between them as well as the effect of spirituality and economic growth were explained. Accordingly, it became clear that growth-oriented policies in the capitalist literature, on the one hand, by abusing the personalized concepts of spirituality, provide the necessary basis for the commodification of spiritual elements and pursue human spiritual excellence through profit-oriented path. The pursuit of ostentatious consumption and the use of wealth to demonstrate power and superiority over the lower classes has turned capital not as a means of promoting social spirituality but as a means of domination. The results show that each of the elements of spirituality and growth independently exert significant effects on each other.
mina saber; reza zeinalzadeh; Seyd Abdolmajid Jalaee Esfanadadi; mohsen Zayanderoody
Abstract
The impacts of shocks generated by macroeconomic growth scenarios (2 percent, 5 percent, and 10%) on the overall welfare index in Iran were explored in this study. The essential data were gathered from the social accounting matrix of 2011, the Central Bank, and the data-output table of 2016, and the ...
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The impacts of shocks generated by macroeconomic growth scenarios (2 percent, 5 percent, and 10%) on the overall welfare index in Iran were explored in this study. The essential data were gathered from the social accounting matrix of 2011, the Central Bank, and the data-output table of 2016, and the new recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium (RDCGE) model was employed for data analysis.The findings revealed that real GDP shocks of up to 2.66 percent result in an increase in Iran's social welfare index. Because growing real GDP through boosting economic capacity raises individual income in society and creates the circumstances for household well-being to improve. Furthermore, productivity shocks of total inputs of production of up to 1.55 percent raise the social welfare index. Because improving total factor productivity has resulted in a rise in output, which has a direct influence on household consumption owing to greater income and promotes economic well-being. Furthermore, the short-term reaction of the social welfare index to oil income shocks is a maximum of 0.81 percent. Because, on the one hand, more oil revenues contribute to increased economic growth, but on the other hand, they lead to the establishment of the Dutch illness. Finally, the data revealed that among the factors analysed, shock due to real GDP growth, shock due to total productivity growth, and shock due to oil revenue increase had the greatest influence on total wellfare
Reza Ghaderi Moghaddam; Bijan Baseri; Nemat Falihi; Gholamreza Abbasi
Abstract
Energy plays a vital role in production and consumption of variouse activities. In Iran energy affect economic growth as an important input along with other production inputs and increase value added of industrial activities and services in nationalwide. In this study, we will test the asymmetric analysis ...
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Energy plays a vital role in production and consumption of variouse activities. In Iran energy affect economic growth as an important input along with other production inputs and increase value added of industrial activities and services in nationalwide. In this study, we will test the asymmetric analysis of the effect of energy consumption on economic growth with emphasis on financial development using the ARDL method. Based on a nonlinear and asymmetric relationship between energy consumption, financial development and economic growth, we found the nonlinear relationship of variables examine the period 1981-2020. So two different indicators were used for the examination of financial development variable (domestic credit to private sector to GDP and private sector liquidity to GDP).The results show an asymmetries relationship between economic growth, energy consumption and financial development.In the long run and short run, the positive shock of energy consumption and financial development has slowed down economic growth. Positive energy consumption shockleads to producers' efforts to reduce energy consumption and reduce economic growth in the short run. Also, any positive shock to financial development reduces economic growth in Iran. This reduces consumption and access to finance, and ultimately reduces investment activities
Roozbeh Balounejad Nouri
Abstract
In this study, the effect of bank credit allocation between different economic sectors on the economic growth of Iranian provinces was investigated. For this purpose, the provincial data for the period 2015-2020 based on the maximum available data and the method of estimating quantile regression in panel ...
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In this study, the effect of bank credit allocation between different economic sectors on the economic growth of Iranian provinces was investigated. For this purpose, the provincial data for the period 2015-2020 based on the maximum available data and the method of estimating quantile regression in panel data were used. In this regard, the results showed that in the initial quantile (0.05) the amount of credits to the agriculture, business, industry and services sector had a positive effect on growth and also credits to the housing sector had a negative effect on the economic growth of the provinces. In the middle quantile (0.5), lending to the agricultural and business sectors has had a positive effect, and lending to the housing and services sector has had a negative effect, as well as the effect of the industry sector on economic growth. Finally, in the upper quantile (0.95) Credits to the agricultural and business sectors have a positive and significant effect, and credits to the industrial sector have a negative effect, as well as the effect of credits in the housing and services sector had no significant effect on provincial economic growth. This indicates the need to redefine credit policies and prevent the diversion of these resources. Regarding the effect of capital, the results showed that the effect of human capital and physical capital on the economic growth of the provinces is positive and significant, and regarding the effect of physical capital in high quantile, this effect is more. Finally, the results on the effect of inflation on economic growth showed that low inflation rates have led to economic growth, but in the middle (0.5) and upper quantile this effect is negative and has intensified with increasing inflation; in fact, the effect of inflation on economic growth in Iran has an asymmetric effect
Hossein Heidari
Abstract
In this study, the relationship between economic growth and income inequality in Hormozgan province was investigated in the form of economic development programs. For this purpose, to investigate inequality and poverty at the level of the country and Hormozgan province, the detailed data of the income-expenditure ...
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In this study, the relationship between economic growth and income inequality in Hormozgan province was investigated in the form of economic development programs. For this purpose, to investigate inequality and poverty at the level of the country and Hormozgan province, the detailed data of the income-expenditure plan of Iran Statistics Center, the non-parametric Gini coefficient index and the poverty gap rate were used. Also, in order to compare inequality and poverty between urban and rural areas of Hormozgan province and urban and rural areas of the whole country with Hormozgan province, 6 variance analysis models were used. The results showed that there is a significant difference between inequality and poverty in urban areas and rural areas of Hormozgan province, and inequality and poverty in urban areas of Hormozgan province are 0.014 and 0.037 units lower than rural areas, respectively. Also, there is a significant difference between inequality and poverty in the urban areas of Hormozgan province and urban areas of the country, and inequality and poverty in the urban areas of Hormozgan province are 0.049 units less and 0.045 units more than the urban areas of the country, respectively. In addition, there is a significant difference between inequality and poverty in rural areas of Hormozgan province and areas of the country, and inequality and poverty in rural areas of Hormozgan province are 0.031 less and 0.068 units higher than rural areas of the country, respectively
Mosab Abdollahi Arani; Nasrin Mansouri; siavoshe jani; Nooshin Aghyee
Abstract
In recent decades, the risks and environmental damage caused by economic growth, population growth and energy consumption have become more apparent. Meanwhile, one of the new advances in the study of the relationship between economic factors affecting environmental quality is the attention to the spatial ...
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In recent decades, the risks and environmental damage caused by economic growth, population growth and energy consumption have become more apparent. Meanwhile, one of the new advances in the study of the relationship between economic factors affecting environmental quality is the attention to the spatial nature of environmental phenomena. Therefore, the aim of this study was to model the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and economic growth along with other influential factors. CO2 emissions as a criterion for environmental pollution in Iran have been studied using the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) and in the framework of spatial panel data among the provinces of Iran during the period 2003-2017. The results of this study show that in total, real GDP per capita increases CO2 emissions at the provincial level, because the positive real GDP per capita coefficient is larger than the negative real GDP per capita coefficient of space. Another very important variable in increasing CO2 emissions in the provinces is the intensity of energy consumption and its spatial interruption, which has the highest significant and positive coefficients in the model of this paper. Also, the weighted price of provincial energy and its space interruption have had a significant and negative effect on CO2 emissions. Although increasing the degree of urbanization has not had a significant effect on CO2 emissions in the same province, but increasing the degree of urbanization in neighboring provinces has increased CO2 emissions. Finally, the spatial interruption coefficient of the dependent variable is significant and positive, which shows that the increase in CO2 emissions in neighboring provinces has increased CO2 emissions in the same province.
Leila Sefidbari; Ali Davari; kamal Sakhdari; Yeganeh Mousavi Jahromi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationships between entrepreneurship development, economic growth and unemployment by Vector Auto Regression (VAR) and to investigate the effects of shocks on these variables in Iran. For this purpose, seasonal time series data 2006-2016 and Global ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationships between entrepreneurship development, economic growth and unemployment by Vector Auto Regression (VAR) and to investigate the effects of shocks on these variables in Iran. For this purpose, seasonal time series data 2006-2016 and Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) and Central Bank of Iran (CBI) were used. The findings of Granger-causality test show that a bilateral causality between economic growth and unemployment and a unidirectional causality from economic growth to entrepreneurship index were confirmed and there was no causality relation between entrepreneurship and unemployment in spite of correlation among them but, a third variable, GDP, is the cause of changes in both variables. According to analysis of impulse-response functions, only the shocks caused by entrepreneurship index are enduring in the model. Also, according to the result of variance decomposition, among three variables, the largest share in entrepreneurship changes is related to the entrepreneurship index itself. Therefore, it can be stated that only entrepreneurship policies can improve the component of entrepreneurship index.
Akbar Nikkhah Sarnaghi; Karim Azarbaiejani; saeed Daei-Karimzadeh
Abstract
The quality of the environment and its protection is one of the important issues in the field of management of countries. Therefore, all countries, along with growth and development policies, try to prevent environmental degradation by enacting laws and regulations in the national sphere and also by ...
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The quality of the environment and its protection is one of the important issues in the field of management of countries. Therefore, all countries, along with growth and development policies, try to prevent environmental degradation by enacting laws and regulations in the national sphere and also by creating international agreements. In the meantime, in order to adopt appropriate policies in the field of economic growth and environmental quality, conducting more detailed studies can help policy makers in this regard. The purpose of this study is to investigate the interrelationships of three important variables of economic growth, degree of trade openness and carbon dioxide emissions in the group of developed countries. For this purpose, the annual data of 29 developed countries for the period 2017-2000 from the World Bank website have been used. The econometric approach used in this work is to estimate the relationships of these variables using dynamic panel data using the GMM method. The estimation results show that by increasing the degree of commercial openness and carbon dioxide emissions, economic growth is enhanced. Venice Economic growth also has a positive effect on the volume of foreign trade, but carbon dioxide emissions limit it. On the other hand, economic growth leads to increased carbon dioxide emissions and the growth of foreign trade reduces the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions.
s
amir ali farhang; Ali Younessi; Vahid Nikpey Pesyan; Amaneh lotfi
Abstract
One of the most important topics discussed in countries, especially in developing countries, is economic growth. Entrepreneurship can be one of the effective factors in increasing the rate of economic growth. Because entrepreneurs can provide the necessary resources for the growth and development of ...
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One of the most important topics discussed in countries, especially in developing countries, is economic growth. Entrepreneurship can be one of the effective factors in increasing the rate of economic growth. Because entrepreneurs can provide the necessary resources for the growth and development of production and human resources, create employment and new business and expand the range of products and services with industrial innovation. Therefore, in the current difficult situation, the need to address the entrepreneurship category and its effects on improving the performance of macroeconomic variables, especially in less developed provinces, is felt more than ever. Therefore, the current research aims to analyze the spatial effects of the spillover effect of the entrepreneurship index on economic growth in the provinces of Iran from 2013 through 2020. The results of this study, in the framework of spatial composite data and based on the estimation of a space Durbin, showed that the logarithm of the entrepreneurship index and its proximity effects have a positive effect on economic growth in the provinces of Iran. From other research results, the variables of human capital logarithm and foreign direct investment inflow logarithm have a positive and significant effect on the economic growth of the above provinces, while the unemployment rate variable harms the economic growth of the provinces. Based on the results of the research, it is recommended to increase the provincial and regional powers according to the relative advantages of the regions,
Amir Hossein Ghaffari Nejad; Majid Maddah
Abstract
In the literature of political macroeconomics stresses role of political competition in the economic performance of countries; Political competition can influence economic growth by affecting resources allocation and quality of economic policies. This paper examines the effect of political competition ...
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In the literature of political macroeconomics stresses role of political competition in the economic performance of countries; Political competition can influence economic growth by affecting resources allocation and quality of economic policies. This paper examines the effect of political competition on economic performance in Iran in the framework of a dynamic growth model by Heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation consistent estimators (HAC) method over the period 1364 to 1397. In this regard, we use the degree of alignment of government and parliament, power balance, power distribution, political and economic freedom and a composite index as the determinants of political competition. The results of estimates confirm the hypothesis of non-linear effect of political competition on economic growth in the Iranian economy as U-shape relationship such as at first the higher levels of political completion tend to be associated to smaller real GDP per capita, but after the optimal value (minimum political competition), production will increase. In this step, the actors of political system, by accepting the rules of political competition and avoiding factional policies focuses policies, focus policies that promote economic growth. This situation, which is known as the learning of political competition, enjoys society the benefits of competition political parties. The findings of this research supports the importance of political competition as one of the sources of economic growth.
amir ali farhang
Abstract
Growing demand for energy leads to economic growth and at the same time increases pollution and environmental degradation. Given the importance of economic growth and the environment, it is important for policymakers and economists to understand how energy variables and pollution affect the economic ...
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Growing demand for energy leads to economic growth and at the same time increases pollution and environmental degradation. Given the importance of economic growth and the environment, it is important for policymakers and economists to understand how energy variables and pollution affect the economic growth of countries. According to this, the present study investigated the effects of fossil fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and crude oil prices on economic growth during the period 2000-2019 in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). For analysis, the Pooled mean group (PMG) and dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) methods have been used and the countries studied in the study, in addition to the regional study of MENA, are divided into two subgroups, including countries exporting and importing crude oil. The results of PMG estimation show that a one percent increase in fossil fuel energy consumption, CO2 emissions and crude oil prices increased economic growth by 0.183, 0.013 and 0.058 percent for the crude oil exporting countries, respectively, while increasing by one percent. Crude oil prices in the short and long term will reduce the economic growth in the countries importing crude oil by 0.0260 and 0.409% respectively. The estimation results of DOLS method are similar to the results of PMG method and confirm it and indicate that the research has sufficient strength.
Firouz Fallahi; Mohsen Porebadallahan; SeyedKamal Sadeghi; Tohid Shokri
Abstract
The relationship between the economic growth and the environment quality and degradation is one of the most debated topics among the economists and environmentalists. Economic growth usually requires more consumption of energy, which leads to more environment degradation. Substituting renewable energy ...
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The relationship between the economic growth and the environment quality and degradation is one of the most debated topics among the economists and environmentalists. Economic growth usually requires more consumption of energy, which leads to more environment degradation. Substituting renewable energy sources for fossil fuels would prevent environment degradation; however, it will hinder the economic growth. Therefore, the relationship between the economic growth and environment could go in both directions and previous studies have shown different results. This study uses time-frequency analysis through wavelet transforms to examine this relationship in Iran using the data from the first quarter in 1991 to the last quarter in 2016. This approach allows identifying the change in the relationship between the variables over different time horizons. To that end, we calculate the coherence and energy of the wavelets over different time horizons using Matlab 2018a. The results show that in the short-run (less than a year) and mid-run (between one and four years), economic growth is the cause of environment and an increase in the economic growth would cause environment degradation. The results from the short and medium run show that this relationship was much stronger during the periods 2012-2015 and 2009-2010. However, in the long run, there is no causality between the two variables so environment regulations would not hinder the economic growth.
mohamad ali shabani; Mahmood Hooshmand; Ali Akbar Naji Meidani; mohammad Ghorbani
Abstract
Cities play an important role in population distribution and economic growth. One of the aspects addressed in the urban economics literature is the relationship between urbanization and economic growth. Urbanization is the relationship between population, employment, migration and environment, Given ...
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Cities play an important role in population distribution and economic growth. One of the aspects addressed in the urban economics literature is the relationship between urbanization and economic growth. Urbanization is the relationship between population, employment, migration and environment, Given that the economic growth of a geographical area is affected by variables and the effects of overflows of other areas, especially its neighbors, in addition to the spatial dependence created through these variables, the effects that are common to all geographical areas also cause correlation in economic growth of units. They become geographical, so it is necessary to differentiate between the dependence created by these factors and the spatial dependence caused by the spatial effects of variables, because otherwise the role of spatial effects will be more colorful than it really is. Therefore, to control these effects, spatial patterns were estimated once without these effects and once with these effects in 30 provinces of Iran. The results show that even considering the effects of common factors, there is still a positive autocorrelation. There is a gap between the economic growth of the provinces of the country . Results of applying the effects of common factors show is that considering these effects has reduced the intensity of the spatial effect. Also, the results of estimating the dynamic spatial Durbin model indicate that the relationship between urbanization and economic growth of Iranian provinces is inverted U and the effects of urban spillover on economic growth. Neighboring provinces are positive and meaningful.
Seyed Hussein Fatemi Nsab; Zohreh Hajiha; Ghodratollah Emamverdi; Ali Baghani
Abstract
The tourism industry is the largest and most diverse industry in the world. The impact of tourism on increasing employment and foreign exchange earnings, the prosperity of domestic industries, the expansion of international cooperation has changed the attitude of countries around the world and has found ...
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The tourism industry is the largest and most diverse industry in the world. The impact of tourism on increasing employment and foreign exchange earnings, the prosperity of domestic industries, the expansion of international cooperation has changed the attitude of countries around the world and has found an important place in government policy. Therefore, in this study, the orthogonal effect of financial development and tourism on economic growth in Iran has been modeled using the factor-augmented vector regression model (FAVAR) combined with the model of variable parameters over time (TVP). And using time series data during the years 1363 to 1397 has been studied. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between economic growth and tourism and a positive and significant relationship between economic growth and financial development. Financial development such as easy turnover in the country of origin and the simple use of financial instruments to finance tourists play an important role in the growth of this industry. Just as increased financial development leads to economic growth, so does economic growth lead to improved infrastructure and the development of the tourism industry.
Mohammad Vaez Barzani; Mohammad Mohammadi Motlagh
Abstract
Abstract:In many countries, governments have a significant impact on economy through the implementation of monetary and fiscal policies. However, the implementation of inter generational distribution policies, which are in fact the application of fiscal policies in favor of a certain age group of society, ...
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Abstract:In many countries, governments have a significant impact on economy through the implementation of monetary and fiscal policies. However, the implementation of inter generational distribution policies, which are in fact the application of fiscal policies in favor of a certain age group of society, has been received less attention by policymakers in developing countries, including Iran.The purpose of this study shows the impact of inter generational fiscal distribution policies on economic growth, using the overlapping generations model developed Blanchard (1985) and calibrating the model, by applying MATLAB software to extract the steady-state equilibrium conditions for consumption growth and capital in Iran economy.The research results point out that the impacts of distributive fiscal policies on capital growth and consumption growth as two variables affecting the growth rate of the economy, have two separable statuses. The first status belongs to the smoothing rate of consumption in utility functions with constant relative risk aversion (CRRA) which it is less than one; In mentioned situation, by applying distributive fiscal policies in favor of the young age group, the Iranian economy is faced with an increase in capital growth and consumption growth, and the second status is a situation where the smoothing rate of consumption is chosen more than one. In said case, the applying fiscal policies have different results from the previous status.JEL: C61, D31, E21.
Latif Hosseini; Akbar Mirzapour Babajan; Beitollah Akbari Moghaddam
Abstract
Although taxes have always been a major source of funding for governments and an effective tool for the government to achieve its goals, these important tools have led to disruptions in the economy and have led to widespread differences among economists. It has been about the role and size of government ...
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Although taxes have always been a major source of funding for governments and an effective tool for the government to achieve its goals, these important tools have led to disruptions in the economy and have led to widespread differences among economists. It has been about the role and size of government in the economy. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the Impact of tax revenues on macroeconomic variables. The model parameters are estimated using seasonal adjusted time series data for the period 2009-2010. To estimate the bizarre parameters of the model, the previous standard distribution, mean, and deviation of the parameters must first be determined. The parameters are calculated. The results of the model estimation showed that the revenues from VAT have a positive and significant effect on the economic growth of different provinces. Also, the amount of intermittent growth rate of GDP per capita in the provinces has a positive and significant effect on the economic growth rate of this year and also the variable of bank credit, investment rate, has a positive and significant effect on economic growth rate. Also, the variable of investment and government spending has a positive and significant effect, but the inflation rate has a significant and negative effect on economic growth. The results also showed that a short-term tax shock has a negative impact on economic growth and consumption, but in the long run, with an increase in tax revenues, GDP growth and, consequently, consumption and investment in the economy have increased.
Seyyed ali Islaminezhad; Asqhar Abolhasani Hastiani; abdolali monsef; Kamran Nadri
Abstract
From the point of view of scholars in economics, privatization is not only considered as a tool for restructuring the economy and increasing competition, but also an essential base for economic growth and development. According to that, the first and most important goal of privatization program in the ...
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From the point of view of scholars in economics, privatization is not only considered as a tool for restructuring the economy and increasing competition, but also an essential base for economic growth and development. According to that, the first and most important goal of privatization program in the General Policies of Principle (44) of the constitution,Law is to increase the economic growth. However, most studies have assessed the effects of privatization just on micro variables in economy, and only a few of them are focused on macro objectives such as economic growth. In this regard and due to uncertainties in the rate of achievement of this goal, as the result of the implementation of the mentioned program, this study is focused on evaluation of the privatization effect on economic growth of the country for the period 1991-2017. For this purpose, the human capital model and also the fully modified least squares (FMOLS) has been used. This method does not have the limitations of the ARDL method, such as the synchronization and exogenous variables and the resulting errors in estimation, which has been used in previous studies. In this study, privatization variable is considered as income from the transferring. Estimating the model and performing statistical tests, findings show that the impact of privatization on economic growth is positive and significant during the mentioned period.
