Economic Growth
Ali Mahdiloo; Hosein Asgharpour; Mohammad Mehdi Barghi Oskooei
Volume 7, Issue 28 , September 2017, Pages 17-32
Abstract
There are two major views on the subject of the relationship between the development of non-oil exports and economic growth. In first opinion, non-oil exports leads to economic growth through the increase in quality of inputs. In second opinion, economic growth will increase non-oil exports throughquantitative ...
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There are two major views on the subject of the relationship between the development of non-oil exports and economic growth. In first opinion, non-oil exports leads to economic growth through the increase in quality of inputs. In second opinion, economic growth will increase non-oil exports throughquantitative strengthening of inputs. In non-linear models there are the ability to calculate relationship between variables and causal variables in different regimes. For this reason non-linear causality models can have better results than linear causality models. For this purpose in this study a Markov Switching model is used to investigate non-linear causal relationship between economic growth and non-oil export in the years 1973-2013. The results indicate that in first regime (high growth) and second regime (low economic growth), there is no causality between exports and economic growth. The reason is lack of sufficient attention to production of other economic sectors during the oil boom. As a result, it causes the weakening of production, reduction of domestic production and international competitive power and finally reduction of the share of exports of goods and services in economic growth.
Yeganeh Mousavi Jahromi; Mohammad Reza Razavi; Farhad Khodadad Kashi; Seied Hossien Eizadi
Volume 7, Issue 28 , September 2017, Pages 33-50
Abstract
Iran’s tax system includes many forms of tax incentives, like as regionally targeted tax incentives. According to direct tax act, article 132, that includes this kind of incentive, declared taxable income of manufacturing and mining activities in less developed regions are totally (100%) exempt ...
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Iran’s tax system includes many forms of tax incentives, like as regionally targeted tax incentives. According to direct tax act, article 132, that includes this kind of incentive, declared taxable income of manufacturing and mining activities in less developed regions are totally (100%) exempt from corporate income tax for ten years. The aim of this study is to estimate the impact of tax exemptions of article 132 on employment of Iran’s less developed counties for the period from 1996 to 2008. In the present paper, a two- stage method is used. In the first stage, a proper control group is selected for each treated county by using Synthetic Control Method (SCM) and Genetic algorithm, and the impact of tax incentives article 132 on employment in Iran’s less developed regions is estimated via Difference in Difference (DID) Method, in the second stage. Results indicate that tax exemptions in mentioned Article have no impact on employment of Iran’s less developed counties.
Co2 Emissions
Rouhollah Shahnazi; Ebrahim Hadian; Lotfollah Jargani
Volume 7, Issue 28 , September 2017, Pages 51-70
Abstract
Although the trend of increase in energy consumption has made possible fast economic growth of industrial modern society, but because of combustion pollutants emission and increase in density of carbon dioxide in atmosphere has made irreversible changes in the world. Not only this trend is destroying ...
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Although the trend of increase in energy consumption has made possible fast economic growth of industrial modern society, but because of combustion pollutants emission and increase in density of carbon dioxide in atmosphere has made irreversible changes in the world. Not only this trend is destroying finite and nonrenewable energies, but also it is releasing numerous of pollutants into the receptive environment (air, water, and soil). In this article, existence of causality relation between energy carriers' consumption with economic growth and carbon dioxide gas emission in sectors of Iran's economy (residential, general and commercial, industry, agriculture, and transportation) in period of 1997 to 2012 using causality Toda and Yamamoto method has been studied. In the agriculture sector, results show a unidirectional causality relation of energy carrier consumption to economic growth. In transportation, residential, general and economic sectors existence of bidirectional causality relation of economic growth variable and carbon dioxide gas emission with energy carriers has been verified. In industry sector, a unidirectional causality relation of economic growth to gas, electricity to economic growth and bidirectional causality relation of coal exist. Also, there is a unidirectional causality relation of carbon dioxide emission to oil and bidirectional causality relation carbon dioxide gas emission to other variables except oil exist.
s
Teymor Rahmani; Elnaz Bagherpur Oskoei
Volume 7, Issue 28 , September 2017, Pages 71-82
Abstract
The effect of saving on investment and economic growth is an important issue in both economic theory and policy. Also, having high and stable economic growth is of importance for all economies. On the other hand, inflation and its adverse effects (especially on economic growth) is one of the main economic ...
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The effect of saving on investment and economic growth is an important issue in both economic theory and policy. Also, having high and stable economic growth is of importance for all economies. On the other hand, inflation and its adverse effects (especially on economic growth) is one of the main economic problems in many developing countries. This study examines the relationship between the rate of saving and economic growth in developing countries with low and high inflation rates. In other words, since there have been high inflation rates in some developing countries including Iran, we examine the developments in the saving rates and economic growth and the effect of inflation on their relationship. The hypothesis we test is that higher inflation cause the effect of saving on economic growth to be lower. For this purpose, a sample of a panel data for 67 developing countries over the time period 1995-2014 is used. Our empirical results imply that higher inflation has a negative significant effect on the relationship between the rate of saving and economic growth. In effect, our main finding is that the effect of the rate of saving on the economic growth is higher for developing countries with lower inflation rates.
Income inequality
Sohrab Delangizan; Younes Goli; Yahya Goli
Volume 7, Issue 28 , September 2017, Pages 83-98
Abstract
Growth inequalities are one of the important issues of urban and regional economies. The present study focuses on the Theil inequality index and regional statistics data of Iran during the years 2005 to 2013. This study measures the inequality and examines the effects of industrialization on it. In this ...
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Growth inequalities are one of the important issues of urban and regional economies. The present study focuses on the Theil inequality index and regional statistics data of Iran during the years 2005 to 2013. This study measures the inequality and examines the effects of industrialization on it. In this study, spatial econometrics has been used. Theil inequality index analysis shows that the major share of growth inequality between regions is due to the neighborhood effects between provinces and the difference in productivity. The results show that economic growth of the provinces is convergent and industrialization in a particular province causes a divergence of economic growth. The effects of overflow lead to convergence of economic growth in the provinces. Therefore, increasing investment in less developed regions can lead to convergence of economic growth in the provinces.
International Commerce
aso Esmailpour; Ahmad Assadzadeh; Mostafa Shokri; Hammed Zolghader
Volume 7, Issue 28 , September 2017, Pages 99-112
Abstract
One of the main goals of developing countries is abating of stable and enduring economic growth. Therefore, recognition of effective factors on economic growth is very important. Due to special significance of effective factors on non-oil exports in trade policy making, in this study the influence ...
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One of the main goals of developing countries is abating of stable and enduring economic growth. Therefore, recognition of effective factors on economic growth is very important. Due to special significance of effective factors on non-oil exports in trade policy making, in this study the influence of different Variables such as efficacy of export insurance subsidy on non-oil exports has been studied. Because of the high power models to predict the behavior of economic systems based on fuzzy regression, fuzzy regression is used to examine the relationship between non-oil exports with export insurance subsidy and other variables in the period 1995 to 2015.The results obtained from this study show that short term and long-term export insurance subsidy have positive effect on non-oil exports of the country. According to these results and main foresighted objectives defined in future economic development document, which include reduction of dependency to oil export revenues, in order to increase non-oil exports it is suggested to use export insurance subsidy.
توسعه مالی
Farshid Pourshahabi; Marzie Esfandiari
Volume 7, Issue 28 , September 2017, Pages 113-126
Abstract
Economic growth has always been an important objective of policy in different countries. In developing countries including Iran, to achieving a reasonable rate of economic growth is essential. Since developing countries are facing with low efficiency of investment due to technological backwardness, so ...
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Economic growth has always been an important objective of policy in different countries. In developing countries including Iran, to achieving a reasonable rate of economic growth is essential. Since developing countries are facing with low efficiency of investment due to technological backwardness, so this set of countries would be taking advantage from foreign direct investment (FDI) as a source of capital accumulation and promote economic growth. Iran has a good potential for utilization of this resource considering to entering the field of FDI after the implementation of the nuclear deal. But the impact of FDI on economic growth needs required fields, including the host country's financial development. Therefore, in this study financial development as an important variable in the FDI inflow and economic growth is considered. The results for 10 developing Asian countries including Iran in the period 1996-2013 indicate that financial development has a determining effect on FDI inflow to the set of countries, but this is not enough and political stability is essential for FDI inflow. Also, the results indicate that although FDI has a positive and significant effect on economic growth in these set of countries, but financial development has a deterrent effect on economic growth of these countries due to the weak institutions and inefficiency in the allocation of funds.
Energy
Shokooh Mahmoodi; seyed abdolmajid jalaee esfand abadi
Volume 7, Issue 28 , September 2017, Pages 127-140
Abstract
In this research the effect of energy intensity shocks on energy use of three sectors of economy is studied through input-output table and the dependence of every following section on energy section is computed by calculating forward linkage index of energy sector with each following section. The results ...
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In this research the effect of energy intensity shocks on energy use of three sectors of economy is studied through input-output table and the dependence of every following section on energy section is computed by calculating forward linkage index of energy sector with each following section. The results show that industy sector has most dependence on energy sector and provide 3% of it’s input from energy sector and after that services and agriculture sectors provide 1.3 and 1.2 percent of their input from energy sector. The coefficients of sensitivity and Power of Dispersion Index of energy sector associated with the agricultural sector indicate that the impact of energy sector on the agricultural sector is greater than the influence of this sector from agricultural sector. By calculating energy intensity shock and considering it’s effect on energy use of economy sectors, forward linkage index of energy sector with each sector is increased equally and also their dependence is increased too.
total factor productivity of production؛
Abolfazl Shah-Abadi; Sara Sari Gol
Volume 7, Issue 28 , September 2017, Pages 141-164
Abstract
Oil plays an important role in financing the country and can be used as a positive tool for improving total factor productivity and can reduce technical gap with developed countries. But most of the oil countries with oil revenues, despite the considerable value of these resource revenues, do not have ...
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Oil plays an important role in financing the country and can be used as a positive tool for improving total factor productivity and can reduce technical gap with developed countries. But most of the oil countries with oil revenues, despite the considerable value of these resource revenues, do not have appropriate economic performance. Therefore, this study utilizes a system of simultaneous equations to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of oil on the economy's total factor productivity during the period 1978-2013. The results by 3SLS show, the direct effect of oil revenues on total factor productivity is negative and significant. Also the effect of oil revenues on the equations of human capital accumulation, domestic research and development accumulation and financial development equations are negative and significant and in the research and development spillovers of trade partners and information and communication technology accumulation equations are positive and non-significant. According to the results, the effect of human capital, domestic research and development accumulation, research and development spilloversof trade partners, and information and communication technology equations are positive and significant and the effect of financial development on total factor productivity is positive and non- significant. Therefore, it is expected that politicians and decision-makers with the management of appropriate resources (coordination of supply and demand side policies with a focus on the development of knowledge-based components market) take steps in order to create endogenous technical change and improve total factor productivity.
f
MohammadAli Maghsoudpour
Volume 7, Issue 28 , September 2017, Pages 165-180
Abstract
This article aims to examine the factors influencing the geographic concentration of food and drink industries using dynamic panel data for 28 provinces in the period from 2001 to 2012. Herfindahl-Hirschman concentration index is used to measure the concentration of firms. The results show positive ...
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This article aims to examine the factors influencing the geographic concentration of food and drink industries using dynamic panel data for 28 provinces in the period from 2001 to 2012. Herfindahl-Hirschman concentration index is used to measure the concentration of firms. The results show positive and significant effect of primacy (with a coefficient 1/07) on the geographic concentration of food and beverage which shows that these industries tend to settle near the first cities (largest city). However, there is an inverse relationship between economic distance variable (with a coefficient -0/067) and geographic concentration of food & beverage industries that shows economic distance is an obstacle for firms concentration. The province share of the capital stock of the country (with a coefficient 0.146) had a significant positive effect on firms concentration. According to the results, using the policies to reduce economic distance between provinces is recommended.
