samineh qasemifar; Abolfazl Shahabadi; shamsolah shirinbakhsh; mirhosien mousavi; azam ahmadyan
Abstract
With the occurrence of major global financial crises and the widespread spread of crises in the economies of other countries, the importance of identifying and measuring crises and examining the effects of macroeconomics has become increasingly apparent. Hence in the present study, in order to quantify ...
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With the occurrence of major global financial crises and the widespread spread of crises in the economies of other countries, the importance of identifying and measuring crises and examining the effects of macroeconomics has become increasingly apparent. Hence in the present study, in order to quantify financial crises, following the basic portfolio theory approach, a systemic stress index has been designed for the Iranian economy during the period 2008-2019. The purpose of study is not only to identify the financial stress index of the Iranian economy, but also to examine whether financial stress can have irreversible effects on key economic variables. in this study, using Bayesian inference in vector autoregression models, the effects of financial stress on The format of growth model on the total factor productivity and its determinants has been analyzed. The results show that in both models the effects of financial stress shock on the factor total productivity is negative but also associated with relative durability At the same time, the reaction of the factor total productivity, the accumulation of internal research and development costs and the intensity of physical investment to the impulse of financial stress is more severe compared to the reaction of other variables. The findings of this study support the need to measure and in terms of financial stress index in macro policy decisions.
Seyyed ali Islaminezhad; Asqhar Abolhasani Hastiani; abdolali monsef; Kamran Nadri
Abstract
From the point of view of scholars in economics, privatization is not only considered as a tool for restructuring the economy and increasing competition, but also an essential base for economic growth and development. According to that, the first and most important goal of privatization program in the ...
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From the point of view of scholars in economics, privatization is not only considered as a tool for restructuring the economy and increasing competition, but also an essential base for economic growth and development. According to that, the first and most important goal of privatization program in the General Policies of Principle (44) of the constitution,Law is to increase the economic growth. However, most studies have assessed the effects of privatization just on micro variables in economy, and only a few of them are focused on macro objectives such as economic growth. In this regard and due to uncertainties in the rate of achievement of this goal, as the result of the implementation of the mentioned program, this study is focused on evaluation of the privatization effect on economic growth of the country for the period 1991-2017. For this purpose, the human capital model and also the fully modified least squares (FMOLS) has been used. This method does not have the limitations of the ARDL method, such as the synchronization and exogenous variables and the resulting errors in estimation, which has been used in previous studies. In this study, privatization variable is considered as income from the transferring. Estimating the model and performing statistical tests, findings show that the impact of privatization on economic growth is positive and significant during the mentioned period.
total factor productivity of production؛
Ahmad Ali Asadpour
Abstract
This article aims to investigate the effect of trade openness, human capital and exchange relation on total productivity of production factors in Iran. Using time series data during 1981 to 2012, the effect of trade openness, human capital, and exchange relation on total productivity of production factor ...
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This article aims to investigate the effect of trade openness, human capital and exchange relation on total productivity of production factors in Iran. Using time series data during 1981 to 2012, the effect of trade openness, human capital, and exchange relation on total productivity of production factor has been estimated through the application of auto regressive distributed lag model (ARDL). The results of the research indicate that the variables of trade openness, human capital, and exchange relation have positive effects on total productivity of production factors. On the other hand, inflation and exchange rate have negative effects on total productivity of production factors.
total factor productivity of production؛
Mehdi Fathabadi
Volume 8, Issue 29 , December 2017, , Pages 156-145
Abstract
This study examines the impact of intellectual capital on changes in productivity and efficiency in Iran’s insurance firms for period 2008-2013. First, it estimated the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) and efficiency index with data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Second, this paper examines ...
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This study examines the impact of intellectual capital on changes in productivity and efficiency in Iran’s insurance firms for period 2008-2013. First, it estimated the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) and efficiency index with data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Second, this paper examines the impact of intellectual capital components (human capital, structural capital, financial capital) on changes in productivity and efficiency through panel data regressions. Our MPI findings indicate that most of insurance firms experienced decrease in productivity over the sample period; which it is due to decline in efficiency. The fixed effects estimation results reveal that intellectual capital and its individual components have significantly positive impacts on changes in productivity and efficiency of insurance firms. We suggest that general insurers in Iran should invest in intellectual capital, including improving their managerial skills, to gain sustainable growth in productivity. The findings of this study may lead to a better understanding of the relative changes in total productivity of general insurance firms. By identifying changes in efficiency and productivity, better management decisions can be made to achieve greater productivity.
Monetarists
amirmansour tehranchian; saedeh azizi saales; آرزو محمودی
Volume 7, Issue 26 , February 2017, , Pages 71-80
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of monetary index of thrift and hardworking (as cultural capital) on human capital in selected developing countries during 2005-2012.The data gathering method in this survey is based on library databases. Panel method is used to analysis the data and ...
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The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of monetary index of thrift and hardworking (as cultural capital) on human capital in selected developing countries during 2005-2012.The data gathering method in this survey is based on library databases. Panel method is used to analysis the data and test the hypothesis. In order to estimate the model, generalized method of moments (GMM) is used. The results show that indices of cultural capital (hardworking index and monetary index of thrift) have positive and significant effect on the human development index in short and long-term. Also the impact of cultural factors on the human development index is higher in the long term than the short term. The innovation of this survey is to use new cultural indices such as monetary index of thrift and hardworking index which are highlighted in foreign studies.
s
Mani Motameni
Volume 6, Issue 23 , May 2016, , Pages 44-33
Abstract
This study tries to investigate wage-productivity relation in Iranian manufacturing industries. For this purpose, 21 rows of ISIC categories of Iranian factories have been used during years of 1998-2012. Panel data Econometric method has been applied for data processing in homogenous and heterogeneous ...
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This study tries to investigate wage-productivity relation in Iranian manufacturing industries. For this purpose, 21 rows of ISIC categories of Iranian factories have been used during years of 1998-2012. Panel data Econometric method has been applied for data processing in homogenous and heterogeneous mode. The initial result shows a unique explanation could not be found regarding productivity reaction to wage in different manufacturing industries. Therefore, the industries have been divided to two separate groups: the industries with high and low human capital. Then, wage-productivity relation has been tested separately for each group. The results show wage-productivity relation occurs in the industries with higher human capital. In other words, productivity will be increased by wage rising. However, there is not wage-productivity relation for the industries with low human capital.
Teymur Rahmani; Morteza Mazaheri Marbori
Volume 5, Issue 17 , December 2014, , Pages 74-61
Abstract
Migration of highly talented people (brain drain) has increased sharply in recent decades. In the past, it was supposed that brain drain just had negative effects on the origin countries. But, it is confirmed now that migration might have positive effects on those countries, too.We examine the effects ...
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Migration of highly talented people (brain drain) has increased sharply in recent decades. In the past, it was supposed that brain drain just had negative effects on the origin countries. But, it is confirmed now that migration might have positive effects on those countries, too.We examine the effects of the brain drain on the formation of human capital and economic growth of the origin countries (developing countries) during 1975 to 2000 by using panel data method. Our results show that the prospect of migration has a positive and significant effect on the formation of human capital via the incentive mechanism. On the other hand, the direct effect of migration of highly educated people on human capital accumulation of the country of origin is negative. Our findings imply that those opposite effects cancel out each other. Therefore, the net effect of migration on human capital accumulation is zero. Also, we examine the effect of brain drain on economic growth in the country of origin. Our findings indicate that migration of skilled or highly educated people has a negative and significant effect on the economic growth of those countries. So, our results do not imply a brain gain for sending countries.
Gholamreza Zamanian; Mohammad Hasan Fotros; Elham Rezaei
Volume 5, Issue 17 , December 2014, , Pages 108-91
Abstract
Research and development (R&D) has been condsidered as the most important method for a rapid advancement of technology and manufacturing competitiveness and innovation. This study aims to assess R&D spillovers on the total productivity factors (TFP) of Iranian manufacturing industries in the ...
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Research and development (R&D) has been condsidered as the most important method for a rapid advancement of technology and manufacturing competitiveness and innovation. This study aims to assess R&D spillovers on the total productivity factors (TFP) of Iranian manufacturing industries in the period 2000-2008. This study employing two-stage GMM method uses statistical data of domestic R&D accumulation of industries in nineteen code of the two-digit ISIC, foreign R&D and imports of fifteen trading partners of Iran to measure the effect of R&D spillovers on the TFP of Iranian manufacturing industries. Results indicate that the interaction between human capital and foreign R&D accumulation, the interaction between import and foreign R&D accumulation, effects of external R&D accumulation and internal R&D have most positive impact on total factor productivity of Iranian manufacturing industries respectively. Internal expenditures on R&D in the chosen period have failed to provide new products and services and imperove competitiveness, technology and increasing TFP growth.
Hosein Sadeghi; Behrooz Maleki; Abass Asari; Vahid Mahmoudi
Volume 3, Issue 12 , November 2013, , Pages 20-9
Abstract
This paper wants to study the relationship between social trust and human capital. Social trust is a necessary condition for human development. Fuzzy method is used. Findings of this study showed that in %68 of the countries, social capital is a necessary condition for human development and coverage ...
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This paper wants to study the relationship between social trust and human capital. Social trust is a necessary condition for human development. Fuzzy method is used. Findings of this study showed that in %68 of the countries, social capital is a necessary condition for human development and coverage index showes that 63% of human capital space is covering by social trust. It also was cleared that the degree of membership in social trust set is associated with a degree of membership in a set of human capital; so, the more the degree of membership in the set of countries with high social trust, the more degree of membership in the set of countries with high human capital.
Hossein Haji Khodazadeh; Rasul Bakhshi Dastjerdi; Hamid Reza Nasirizadeh
Volume 3, Issue 11 , September 2013, , Pages 96-85
Abstract
Human capital has always been of high importance in economic growth literature. In this regard, several studies have tried to explain the role of this variable via the use of different models. The present study, in line with the previous ones, going to estimate the share of human capital in Iranian economy ...
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Human capital has always been of high importance in economic growth literature. In this regard, several studies have tried to explain the role of this variable via the use of different models. The present study, in line with the previous ones, going to estimate the share of human capital in Iranian economy production from 1974 to 2011 within the framework of Ozawa (1965) and Lucas’s (1988) endogenous growth model. In this study, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Modelling Approach (ARDL) is employed to estimate the role of human capital in production. Moreover, the average of schooling years is used as an index of human capital. The results indicated that in spite of a positive and significant relationship between human capital and GDP, physical capital plays a more important role. While the share of human capital is 0.59, physical capital has a share of 0.75. based upon literature review, share of human capital must be more important and influential, so regarding distraction of main reasons of this phenomena the study recommends that we need to make university fields more productive-based.
Human Capital
Mohammad Taher Ahmadi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2012, , Pages 58-31
Abstract
Total factor productivity of production as a dynamic and permanent source of economic growth is influenced by many factors; that based on existing theories, human capital are known as one of the most important factors. So in the present study, the role of human capital in promoting the total factor productivity ...
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Total factor productivity of production as a dynamic and permanent source of economic growth is influenced by many factors; that based on existing theories, human capital are known as one of the most important factors. So in the present study, the role of human capital in promoting the total factor productivity of production in Iran’s economy for the period 1978 to 2005 were evaluated. Thus for human capital two dimensions of education and health and their effects along with other variables on productivity level were exerted and assessed. The results of estimate the model by using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Method shows, the labor average years of schooling and the ratio of health expenditure on gross domestic product(GDP) (as the successors of human capital) have significant and positive effect on productivity level. Also the results of causality test confirm the existence of a unidirectional causal relationship between human capital and productivity.
Growth Accounting
Davoud Behboudi; Jalal Montazeri Shoorekchali
Volume 1, Issue 3 , January 2012, , Pages 70-49
Abstract
The most attended aspect of the modern economics is its structure which relies heavily on knowledge and awareness. In this competitive world, paying attention to knowledge and relying on innovation is what makes institutions pioneers. In the early 20th century, Joseph Schumpeter and later almost all ...
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The most attended aspect of the modern economics is its structure which relies heavily on knowledge and awareness. In this competitive world, paying attention to knowledge and relying on innovation is what makes institutions pioneers. In the early 20th century, Joseph Schumpeter and later almost all theoreticians came to believe that the emergence of a phenomenon called job creators or in other words innovative job creators played significant roles in the economic development process and, in Schumpeter’s opinion, something that makes these people stand out is their innovation power particularly in new combinations. With regard to the deep technological gap between the developed and developing countries, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is one way to transfer modern technologies to the developing countries where these innovations could be applied through this transfer. Since the arrival of foreign direct investment to the developing countries brings about spillovers resulting in innovation expansion in these countries. In this article, the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) spillovers on innovation in developing countries are dealt with, considering that the panel data are arranged in the Pool method for the developing countries where the innovation information have been accessible.
Farhad khodadad Kashi; Khalil heydari
Volume 1, Issue 2 , January 2012, , Pages 133-113
Abstract
In the history of human societies, Education Institution has been thought of a key factor in human life and development. In Iran, Both before and after Islam, Education and culture have been considered as fundamental tools for human life exaltation. In Islamic republic of Iran’s law, development ...
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In the history of human societies, Education Institution has been thought of a key factor in human life and development. In Iran, Both before and after Islam, Education and culture have been considered as fundamental tools for human life exaltation. In Islamic republic of Iran’s law, development of education and increasing social welfare are of particular interest. Many scholars believe that, one of the effective ways out of poverty is human capital development. The aim of this investigation is to assess the role of Education in Iranian households’ consumption behavior. To this end, the budget survey of Iranian statistical centre was used to calculate indices such as: share of education in Iranian households’ expenditure and income elasticity of education demand. The results of this study indicate that education is a necessary service. Another important finding is that education expenditure in urban areas is significantly more than rural areas
