رقابت
Farhad kashi; mohsen mehrara; seyedeh vajihe mikaeeli
Abstract
هدف اصلی مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی تأثیر خصوصیسازی و فشار رقابتی بر قدرت بازار در بخش صنعت ایران است. برای تحقق این هدف ضمن استفاده از دادههای دروره زمانی 1381-1397صنایع کارخانهای ...
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هدف اصلی مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی تأثیر خصوصیسازی و فشار رقابتی بر قدرت بازار در بخش صنعت ایران است. برای تحقق این هدف ضمن استفاده از دادههای دروره زمانی 1381-1397صنایع کارخانهای مرکز آمار از رویکرد هال-راجر و روش تخمین پنل دیتا استفاده شد. نتایج تحقیق دلالت بر وجود قدرت انحصاری قابل توجه در بخش صنعت ایران دارد و علاوهبراین تجربه خصوصیسازی در ایران نه تنها موجب افزایش رقابت در بخش صنعت ایران نشده است بلکه بعد از خصوصیسازی، قدرت انحصاری در این بخش افزایش یافته است و به عبارت دیگر در صنایعی همچون تولید مواد و محصولات شیمیایی، دارو و فرآوردهای دارویی و شیمیایی، تولید محصولات کانی غیرفلزی و صنعت تولید فلزات اساسی انحصار خصوصی جایگزین انحصار دولتی شده است. با مقایسه اثر خصوصسازی در صنایع بزرگ و و در کل صنعت مشخص شد که خصوصیسازی در صنایع بزرگ به قدرت انحصاری بیشتری منجر شده است تا در کل بخش صنعت. نتایج همچنین بر قدرت بازار صحه میگذارد به این ترتیب که با افزایش تمرکز بازار، قدرت انحصاری در صنایع ایران افزایش مییابد.
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Akbar Nikkhah Sarnaghi; KARIM azarbayjani; Saeed Daei Karimzadeh
Abstract
The relationship between economic growth, trade openness of the economy and the quality of the environment in developing countries is one of the most important topics in the economic literature and in recent years has been one of the challenges for countries in terms of economic growth policies and trade ...
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The relationship between economic growth, trade openness of the economy and the quality of the environment in developing countries is one of the most important topics in the economic literature and in recent years has been one of the challenges for countries in terms of economic growth policies and trade expansion. Foreigners have suffered from the degradation and deterioration of the quality of the environment. In this study, this relationship is examined in developing countries, including 27 countries, including Iran during the years 2000 to 2020 using the GMM method. The results of the aggregate test indicate the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between the variables. According to the results of the estimate, the variables of trade openness and carbon dioxide emissions have a positive effect on economic growth. Carbon dioxide has a negative effect on foreign trade. On the other hand, the variables of economic growth and trade openness have a positive and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, appropriate policies to protect the environment, along with policies of economic growth and trade expansion, in addition to economic growth can lead to improved environmental quality...
behrouz sadeghi Amroabadi; vahid Kafili khajeh
Abstract
In economic literature, the subject of development has been of great importance for a long time. As the smallest social unit, the household is affected by the development indicators, and in turn, its mutations affect the development situation in any society. The purpose of this study is to investigate ...
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In economic literature, the subject of development has been of great importance for a long time. As the smallest social unit, the household is affected by the development indicators, and in turn, its mutations affect the development situation in any society. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causality between the household dimension and economic development. For this purpose, the data of the last three censuses and statistical yearbooks were used to extract the size of the household and construct the development index for each province based on the TOPSIS method. Also, in order to investigate the causality, we used the panel causality test, presented by Emirmahmutoglu and Kose (2011) based on the vector autoregression (VAR) model and the Wald tests with bootstrap critical values specific to each sector. The causality results do not confirm the existence of causality from the household dimension to economic development, but the causality from economic development to the household dimension cannot be rejected. Also, the regression results based on panel data indicate a positive and significant relationship between the development variable and the household dimension.
Economic Growth
Ahmed falih Abd Alhasan Alsaedi; Mohammad Taher Ahmadi Shadmehri
Abstract
Oil is considered to be one of the most important sources of national wealth in the world, and recently, its price has fluctuated a lot, putting dependent oil-exporting countries at risk of economic instability. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the potential asymmetric effects of crude ...
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Oil is considered to be one of the most important sources of national wealth in the world, and recently, its price has fluctuated a lot, putting dependent oil-exporting countries at risk of economic instability. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the potential asymmetric effects of crude oil price fluctuations on real GDP growth in two neighboring Middle Eastern countries (Iran and Iraq). In this study, deviation from the average is considered as crude oil price fluctuations, and to estimate the long-term and short-term asymmetric effects of crude oil price fluctuations on the economic growth of two oil-exporting countries (Iran and Iraq) with two models, one and two, the approach of the autoregressive model with non-linear distribution breaks (NARDL) and the annual data of 1990-2022 were used. Asymmetric analysis provides significant results regarding the difference in economic growth responses to positive and negative crude oil price shocks. In the case of Iran, the response of real GDP to a positive oil shock is larger than to a negative oil shock in the long run. The results showed that although the increase in the price of oil in the short term increases the economic growth of Iran, the increase in the price of oil in the long term reduces the real growth of Iran. In addition, the negative shock of oil in the short and long term will reduce Iran's economic growth.
Dynamic Panel Data
Fariba Hosseini Maram; احمد سرلک; Golamali Haji
Abstract
Economic growth is affected by the speed of innovation. This is possible due to the rapid development of technology, shorter product life cycle and more evaluation of new products. Corruption is one of the most important challenges affecting the country's development at the national and international ...
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Economic growth is affected by the speed of innovation. This is possible due to the rapid development of technology, shorter product life cycle and more evaluation of new products. Corruption is one of the most important challenges affecting the country's development at the national and international levels. Corruption is affected by several factors, such as innovation, population, the volume of government activities, the human development index, the degree of commercial openness, the rent of natural resources, etc. Also, corruption is influenced by the national and international conditions of the country and the spillover from other regions, especially neighboring countries. Countries with common borders have similar economic, political, historical, cultural, and common language characteristics, which lead to similar behaviors that can affect corruption. The extent of corruption in a country can infect adjacent and related areas in various ways. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the factors affecting corruption with an emphasis on innovation for the country of Iran and six neighboring countries with a land border with Iran, using a dynamic spatial panel approach in the time period of 2008-2022. The variable of the ratio of government expenditure to GDP in the short and long term has a positive relationship with corruption. The variables of corruption interval, spatial interval corruption, population and rent of natural resources have a positive effect on corruption in Iran and neighboring countries, but they have different short-term and long-term effects on corruption.
Income inequality
Mehdi zahed gharavi; Meisam Haddad; fatemeh sadeghpour; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
Abstract
Income distribution inequality is one of the challenges and problems of every economy. If the inequality of income distribution increases sharply, social discontent will be fueled and the risk of social and political unrest will increase sharply. Considering the importance of the relationship between ...
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Income distribution inequality is one of the challenges and problems of every economy. If the inequality of income distribution increases sharply, social discontent will be fueled and the risk of social and political unrest will increase sharply. Considering the importance of the relationship between economic growth and inequality of income distribution and the possibility of differences in this relationship in different countries, this research examines the relationship between economic growth and inequality of income distribution in developed and developing countries and transition economies with the Panel data method. reviewed in the period from 2003 to 2019. The findings of the research indicate that in developed countries the Kuznets U-shaped inverted curve has not been confirmed, but it has been confirmed in developing countries. Also, in transitioning economies, the relationship between economic growth and income distribution inequality is not secondary, but linear and inverse. The results of this study can be used in planning and making decisions for the distribution of income among different countries based on the degree of development and forecasting their economic growth.
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Abstract
Monetary policies are a set of decisions and actions of the country's monetary authorities to influence the level of economic activities. The aim of the present study was to analyze the convergence of optimal monetary policies in the Iranian economy and welfare using the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium ...
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Monetary policies are a set of decisions and actions of the country's monetary authorities to influence the level of economic activities. The aim of the present study was to analyze the convergence of optimal monetary policies in the Iranian economy and welfare using the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model. The research method is analytical-descriptive and applied. The implementation method was analyzed using data taken from the Statistical Center of Iran and the Central Bank. The results showed that this type of optimal monetary policies had a direct impact on the entire economy and welfare. The results showed that the Central Bank, by enacting optimal monetary policies, has created a significant impact on the rate of economic growth; during this period (1390-1401), economic growth has improved by 0.5%, 1.5% and 2%; Therefore, it can be stated that by adopting optimal monetary policies, total production increases and consequently the employment rate increases. The wage rate has been increasing; therefore, economic growth improves. By analyzing economic shocks, it can be stated that the entire economy is affected by these types of shocks; therefore, monetary policies should be adopted in a way that they do not have a negative impact on the economy. As stated in economic shocks, the shock caused by an increase in the exchange rate increases inflation and affects other economic variables. The shock caused by an increase in oil production and also increase in foreign assets cause economic growth.
