total factor productivity of production؛
samira motaghi
Abstract
The current research aims to investigate the effectiveness of scientific innovation on the productivity of the labor force in Islamic countries with the use of health as a mediating variable with an analytical approach. In this study, data panel and Eviews 13 software were used, which examines and analyzes ...
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The current research aims to investigate the effectiveness of scientific innovation on the productivity of the labor force in Islamic countries with the use of health as a mediating variable with an analytical approach. In this study, data panel and Eviews 13 software were used, which examines and analyzes independent variables on labor productivity during the period of 2010-2022. The variables examined in this research include per capita physical capital, technology, innovation, education, health care expenses, and life expectancy. The variable index of physical and human capital, respectively, is the calculation of net capital formation on the number of employees and the average years of education, which has a positive effect on labor productivity, as well as the index of the number of articles published in scientific and technical journals as a substitute for the variable of innovation and technology export. Advanced, which is a representative for the technology variable, and the index related to health measurement, which life expectancy and health cost per capita is considered as a substitute for the level of health and health, with its improvement, it increases the level of productivity of the labor force. . The results of the research show that all the variables used in the research have a positive and significant effect on the growth of labor productivity in the group of Islamic countries.
total factor productivity of production؛
Farrokh Norozi; Masoud Nonejad; Mehrzad Ebrahimi; Jalil Khodaparast Shirazi
Abstract
Today most developed and developing countries emphasize on the importance of productivity as one of the necessities of economic development and competitiveness in the world. Because todays, competition is taking various dimensions and striving for higher productivity is one of the important factor of ...
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Today most developed and developing countries emphasize on the importance of productivity as one of the necessities of economic development and competitiveness in the world. Because todays, competition is taking various dimensions and striving for higher productivity is one of the important factor of these competitions. On this basis, identifying the factors of affecting productivity growth in the Iran economy is essential for economic growth and development. Therefore, this study intends to first identify the factors affecting productivity growth by using feature selection logic, basis on Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) then estimate the selective model using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for the period (1991-2016) and finally using the Garsen index to measure the sensitivity analysis of factors affecting productivity growth. Based on the results of the feature selection among the twenty variables, foreign investment, health investment, rail lines, innovation index and exchange rate (five variables) were removed from the model. Based on the results of ANN model with Tansig activation function with 3 neurons, it has a prediction power of 0.993 and minimum error of model 0.0019. Also, according to the Garsen index, human capital (15%), government size (11%), openness, research and development and economic corruption control (8%) had the highest impact on productivity growth and monetary development (1.48%) the rule of law (2.27%) and physical capital (3.2%) had the least impact on productivity growth.
total factor productivity of production؛
Ahmad Ali Asadpour
Abstract
This article aims to investigate the effect of trade openness, human capital and exchange relation on total productivity of production factors in Iran. Using time series data during 1981 to 2012, the effect of trade openness, human capital, and exchange relation on total productivity of production factor ...
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This article aims to investigate the effect of trade openness, human capital and exchange relation on total productivity of production factors in Iran. Using time series data during 1981 to 2012, the effect of trade openness, human capital, and exchange relation on total productivity of production factor has been estimated through the application of auto regressive distributed lag model (ARDL). The results of the research indicate that the variables of trade openness, human capital, and exchange relation have positive effects on total productivity of production factors. On the other hand, inflation and exchange rate have negative effects on total productivity of production factors.
total factor productivity of production؛
samaneh talei ardakani
Abstract
In addition to the impact of traditional factors of production such as labor and capital on economic growth, the impact of productivity has always been the focus of growth and development economists. Given the fundamental role of the industry sector as a driver of the country's economic development, ...
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In addition to the impact of traditional factors of production such as labor and capital on economic growth, the impact of productivity has always been the focus of growth and development economists. Given the fundamental role of the industry sector as a driver of the country's economic development, identifying the factors affecting the productivity of this sector can provide a basis for enhancing its share in GDP growth. Accordingly, the present study attempts to evaluate the impact of industry taxation on productivity of Iranian manufacturing industries during the Fifth Development Plan (2011-2015). In addition, this paper attempts to examine the relationship between variables such as investment in industry and compensation of payroll services (salaries and benefits) with total labor productivity. In this regard, the desired data were obtained from the statistical yearbook of the country and the results of the censuses of the country's manufacturing firms and the total labor productivity index was calculated by using the output data of firms. Then, the relationship between tax value and total labor productivity index is evaluated using integrated data panel data method. The results show that at the significant level of 5%, coefficients of tax variables and compensation of wage earners have a positive and significant relationship with productivity and also the investment coefficient at the significant level of 10% has a positive effect on the dependent variable. In other words, with the increase in taxation, the productivity of the entire workforce has also increased, and manufacturing industries have sought to offset some of its costs by increasing productivity. But based on the coefficient of estimation, the severity of tax on the impact of industrial productivity is weak.
total factor productivity of production؛
Mandana Ghafoori Sadatieh; Mahdi Khoda Parast Mashhadi; Mostafa Salimifar; Mostafa Kazemi
Volume 8, Issue 29 , December 2017, , Pages 31-44
Abstract
This study aims to measure the external efficiency of formal education and then evaluating the effects of economic growth in Iran during 1957 to 2013. External efficiency, is the responsibility of educational system to social system in term of individual, economic, political and cultural dimensions. ...
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This study aims to measure the external efficiency of formal education and then evaluating the effects of economic growth in Iran during 1957 to 2013. External efficiency, is the responsibility of educational system to social system in term of individual, economic, political and cultural dimensions. The research method to measure the relative efficiency is the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method with the input-oriented and constant returns to scale, and efficient units are ranked using Anderson-Peterson (AP). Using the econometric method of GMM to evaluate the effect of the external efficiency of education on the economic growth. Results showed that in 85 percentages of examined years, external efficiency of education is acheived. Inputs that affect respectively on the external efficiency are educational equity, technology infrastructure, education expenditures and quality. Outputs that affect respectively on the external efficiency are freedom, environment protection, family sustainability and establishment. For inefficient units, the most of output shortage related to security and maximum output surplus is for education expenditures. External efficiency of education, labor and capital have a positive effect on economic growth in Iran and external efficiency of education is the cause of economic growth.
total factor productivity of production؛
Mehdi Fathabadi
Volume 8, Issue 29 , December 2017, , Pages 156-145
Abstract
This study examines the impact of intellectual capital on changes in productivity and efficiency in Iran’s insurance firms for period 2008-2013. First, it estimated the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) and efficiency index with data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Second, this paper examines ...
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This study examines the impact of intellectual capital on changes in productivity and efficiency in Iran’s insurance firms for period 2008-2013. First, it estimated the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) and efficiency index with data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Second, this paper examines the impact of intellectual capital components (human capital, structural capital, financial capital) on changes in productivity and efficiency through panel data regressions. Our MPI findings indicate that most of insurance firms experienced decrease in productivity over the sample period; which it is due to decline in efficiency. The fixed effects estimation results reveal that intellectual capital and its individual components have significantly positive impacts on changes in productivity and efficiency of insurance firms. We suggest that general insurers in Iran should invest in intellectual capital, including improving their managerial skills, to gain sustainable growth in productivity. The findings of this study may lead to a better understanding of the relative changes in total productivity of general insurance firms. By identifying changes in efficiency and productivity, better management decisions can be made to achieve greater productivity.
total factor productivity of production؛
Abolfazl Shah-Abadi; Sara Sari Gol
Volume 7, Issue 28 , September 2017, , Pages 141-164
Abstract
Oil plays an important role in financing the country and can be used as a positive tool for improving total factor productivity and can reduce technical gap with developed countries. But most of the oil countries with oil revenues, despite the considerable value of these resource revenues, do not have ...
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Oil plays an important role in financing the country and can be used as a positive tool for improving total factor productivity and can reduce technical gap with developed countries. But most of the oil countries with oil revenues, despite the considerable value of these resource revenues, do not have appropriate economic performance. Therefore, this study utilizes a system of simultaneous equations to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of oil on the economy's total factor productivity during the period 1978-2013. The results by 3SLS show, the direct effect of oil revenues on total factor productivity is negative and significant. Also the effect of oil revenues on the equations of human capital accumulation, domestic research and development accumulation and financial development equations are negative and significant and in the research and development spillovers of trade partners and information and communication technology accumulation equations are positive and non-significant. According to the results, the effect of human capital, domestic research and development accumulation, research and development spilloversof trade partners, and information and communication technology equations are positive and significant and the effect of financial development on total factor productivity is positive and non- significant. Therefore, it is expected that politicians and decision-makers with the management of appropriate resources (coordination of supply and demand side policies with a focus on the development of knowledge-based components market) take steps in order to create endogenous technical change and improve total factor productivity.
total factor productivity of production؛
Seyed Komail Tayebi; Karim Azarbayejani; Salahoddin Manouchehri
Volume 7, Issue 25 , November 2016, , Pages 17-36
Abstract
International outsourcing and intermediate goods trade as a signal of economic globalization have been in progress. One of the benefits of technology transfer is acquiring foreign technology with higher efficiency, as technology spillovers lead to increased productivity of local firms. In this study, ...
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International outsourcing and intermediate goods trade as a signal of economic globalization have been in progress. One of the benefits of technology transfer is acquiring foreign technology with higher efficiency, as technology spillovers lead to increased productivity of local firms. In this study, objective is to investigate the effects of international outsourcing, high-techcapital, foreign direct investment spillovers and capital stock of R&D on total factor productivity in selected high-tech industries in Iran. we have specified a theoretical framework, and then estimated its empirical version by the panel data econometric method for the selected high-tech industries in Iran during the period (2000-2012). The results show that the estimated coefficient of international outsourcing (OS) is statistically significantat the 5% of significance level.The results also indicate a significant positive effect of high-tech capital and FDI spillovers on total factor productivity in the selected Iran’s high-tech industries. However, the results show that the R&D capital stock has not been statistically significant in the estimated total factor productivity equation for such industries.
total factor productivity of production؛
seyed mohammad reza seyednourani; masomeh sajadi; faezeh forouzan; fatemeh jahangard
Volume 5, Issue 20 , August 2015, , Pages 44-31
Abstract
Since the 1990s social capital was considered as an engine of economic development. Furthermore, in order to achieve the economic development, countries were invested to create and improve the social capital. In this regard education as the most influential factor was on the agenda. Education by increasing ...
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Since the 1990s social capital was considered as an engine of economic development. Furthermore, in order to achieve the economic development, countries were invested to create and improve the social capital. In this regard education as the most influential factor was on the agenda. Education by increasing the personal abilities and knowledge can provide the condition for participation, social interaction and presence in social networks and community. On the other hand, education by create and internalize the norms would regulate people`s behavior that lead to an increase in social trust and social capital. In this study we tried to prove this hypothesis that education leads to social capital and the most effective impact on social capital belongs to the primary school as well. For investigating the impact of different levels of education on social capital in Iran during 1981-2011 we used the GMM method. The estimation results show that education has a positive and significant effect on social capital in this period. Among the different levels of education, the most effective level on social capital is the primary and middle school and the factor that has the least effect on social capital with 0/29 coefficient is higher education.
Human Capital
Mohammad Taher Ahmadi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2012, , Pages 58-31
Abstract
Total factor productivity of production as a dynamic and permanent source of economic growth is influenced by many factors; that based on existing theories, human capital are known as one of the most important factors. So in the present study, the role of human capital in promoting the total factor productivity ...
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Total factor productivity of production as a dynamic and permanent source of economic growth is influenced by many factors; that based on existing theories, human capital are known as one of the most important factors. So in the present study, the role of human capital in promoting the total factor productivity of production in Iran’s economy for the period 1978 to 2005 were evaluated. Thus for human capital two dimensions of education and health and their effects along with other variables on productivity level were exerted and assessed. The results of estimate the model by using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Method shows, the labor average years of schooling and the ratio of health expenditure on gross domestic product(GDP) (as the successors of human capital) have significant and positive effect on productivity level. Also the results of causality test confirm the existence of a unidirectional causal relationship between human capital and productivity.
Growth Accounting
Davoud Behboudi; Jalal Montazeri Shoorekchali
Volume 1, Issue 3 , January 2012, , Pages 70-49
Abstract
The most attended aspect of the modern economics is its structure which relies heavily on knowledge and awareness. In this competitive world, paying attention to knowledge and relying on innovation is what makes institutions pioneers. In the early 20th century, Joseph Schumpeter and later almost all ...
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The most attended aspect of the modern economics is its structure which relies heavily on knowledge and awareness. In this competitive world, paying attention to knowledge and relying on innovation is what makes institutions pioneers. In the early 20th century, Joseph Schumpeter and later almost all theoreticians came to believe that the emergence of a phenomenon called job creators or in other words innovative job creators played significant roles in the economic development process and, in Schumpeter’s opinion, something that makes these people stand out is their innovation power particularly in new combinations. With regard to the deep technological gap between the developed and developing countries, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is one way to transfer modern technologies to the developing countries where these innovations could be applied through this transfer. Since the arrival of foreign direct investment to the developing countries brings about spillovers resulting in innovation expansion in these countries. In this article, the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) spillovers on innovation in developing countries are dealt with, considering that the panel data are arranged in the Pool method for the developing countries where the innovation information have been accessible.
Export Diversification
Karim Azarbaiejani; Molood Raki; Homayoun Ranjbar
Volume 1, Issue 3 , January 2012, , Pages 201-165
Abstract
According to discussion of export growth and economic growth, export diversification issue has been considered by many policymakers to mean the increase of exports commodity and reducing its dependence on one source of income. In other words, regardless of the composition or concentration of a country’s ...
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According to discussion of export growth and economic growth, export diversification issue has been considered by many policymakers to mean the increase of exports commodity and reducing its dependence on one source of income. In other words, regardless of the composition or concentration of a country’s export, more export commodities means more diversified exports. In recent years, export diversification in developing countries that mainly rely on exporting a single product has become a political priority. This study makes use of the new growth and international trade theories and panel data methods to examine the impact of export diversification on total factor productivity (TFP) and economic growth during the 1999-2007 in D-8 countries. The research results show that export diversification has a positive and statistically significant effect on the TFP and economic growth. Therefore to create economic growth and sustainable development, Iran has to pay attention to the export diversification policy as well as other factors that affect TFP and economic growth.
