Rima Mohammad Moradi; Seyed Kamal Sadeghi; Mehrdad Khan Maku
Abstract
The interaction effect between financial development, air pollution and economic growth is on of the main issues in the macroeconomics literature and has been considered empirically from the view of economics researcher. Moreover, importance of renewable energy in economic growth, reducing environmental ...
Read More
The interaction effect between financial development, air pollution and economic growth is on of the main issues in the macroeconomics literature and has been considered empirically from the view of economics researcher. Moreover, importance of renewable energy in economic growth, reducing environmental pollution and the role of financial resources on renewable energy projects express the importance of financial development in the development of renewable energy. This paper examines the nexus between clean energy consumption, financial development and economic growth in a group of MENA countries during 1995-2018. For this purpose, the (GMM) method has been utilized for model estimation. The results show that increasing clean energy, carbon dioxide emissions and increasing foreign direct investment have boosted economic growth in the countries studied. Also, despite the positive impact of financial development on clean energy consumption, it has not been able to reduce pollution. In order to expand investment in renewable energy, projects related to this sector should have been easier and more accessible to large and basic investors. Proper financial structure can lead to an increase in the volume of investment and at the same time reduce costs. On the other hand, it should be noted that targeting for projects can play a facilitating role and lead to investment maturity. Access to effective and appropriate tools to reduce risk for private sector investment and the use of tools such as guaranteed purchase, standardized portfolio of renewable energy, quota policies and low-cost lending for renewable energy projects will be able to meet the challenges overcome existing problems and reduce project risks to a great extent.
Economic Growth
Behzad Maleki Hassanvand; Mohammad Jafari; Shahram Fatahi; Hadi Ghafari
Abstract
The aim of this paper is examining the simultaneous impact of good governance and government spending on economic growth in MENA countries. To estimate model, we've used GMM method during 2002-2016. The results show that good governance (weighted average of six indexes) and government spending ...
Read More
The aim of this paper is examining the simultaneous impact of good governance and government spending on economic growth in MENA countries. To estimate model, we've used GMM method during 2002-2016. The results show that good governance (weighted average of six indexes) and government spending have positive and significant effect on economic growth. GDP last period and trade openness variable have positive and significant effect on economic growth. Inflation variable has negative and significant effect and private investment variable has positive and insignificant effect on economic growth. The effect of both economic growth and government spending is positive and significant. Good governance index resulted from combination of existing six indexes by Principle Components Model, has been estimated in another model and it indicates positive relationship with more effect on economic growth.
Energy
Mohammad hassan ghazvinian; KAMBIZ HOZHABR KIANI; Ali Dehghani; Fatemeh Zandi; Khalil Saeedi
Abstract
Planning and policy making in the field of economic growth as one of the major macroeconomic goals requires special attention to the energy sector, the environment and its relation to production. Hence, in this paper, the effects of energy consumption shocks on carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth ...
Read More
Planning and policy making in the field of economic growth as one of the major macroeconomic goals requires special attention to the energy sector, the environment and its relation to production. Hence, in this paper, the effects of energy consumption shocks on carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth in selected countries of the MENA have been studied using the PVAR approach as well as Iran using the VAR method, and the results indicate that the energy shocks would initially lead to a relatively high increase and then a decrease in per capita GDP in the selected countries. The energy shock also initially increased carbon dioxide emissions and subsequently reduced pollution in subsequent periods and will move to the balance in long-term; also, in the Iranian economy, a shock to energy consumption first begans to sharply increase in economic growth after four periods, and eventually returns to a long-term equilibrium. Eventually, with a shock in total energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions are mildly increased and then begin to decrease from the third period. Total energy consumption, foreign direct investment, labor force, and capital stock have a direct and significant relationship with economic growth, but carbon dioxide emissions have a significant negative relationship in Iran's economy.
Mozhgan Moallemi
Abstract
The economic vulnerability of some countries stems from the fact that their economies are largely influenced by forces outside their control. Areas that are most affected by economic shocks should promote the position of a resilient economy in their policies. This paper tries to examine the impact of ...
Read More
The economic vulnerability of some countries stems from the fact that their economies are largely influenced by forces outside their control. Areas that are most affected by economic shocks should promote the position of a resilient economy in their policies. This paper tries to examine the impact of economic vulnerability on the development index of MENA countries in the 1995-2015 period using the econometric method and panel data approach. The results of the study indicate a negative and significant relationship between economic vulnerability and development index in the target countries. The innovation of this study is to calculate the impact of economic vulnerability in different countries. Iran is ranked sixth in terms of the fragility of the economy against economic shocks. Countries that are ranked worse are often those countries that either face political instability (domestic wars) or have a strong dependence on oil revenues. In this way, policies such as reducing dependence on oil revenues and paying attention to political stability are introduced as tools for controlling and strengthening the economy against external economic shocks.
Mena Countries Group
Mohammad Hassan Fotros; Razie Sahraee; Masume Yavari
Volume 8, Issue 30 , April 2018, , Pages 55-66
Abstract
Food security is a main component of physical, mental and psychological health of any society and is a criterion for human development. Food security and access to safe and adequate food is of the main pillars of economic growth and development; so it is of the main goals of every country. War and insecurity ...
Read More
Food security is a main component of physical, mental and psychological health of any society and is a criterion for human development. Food security and access to safe and adequate food is of the main pillars of economic growth and development; so it is of the main goals of every country. War and insecurity damage food security. War is the increased major cause of poverty, unemployment and food insecurity. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of war on food security in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries in the period 1990-2014. In order to estimate the model for investigating the issue, the unbalanced panel data method was used. Results showed that war has the negative and significant impact on food security. Gross domestic product per capita, the size of the rural population, the ratio of arable land surface to total land surface and the use of agricultural machinery per hectare variables had positive and significant impact, and the size of the total population had negative and significant impact on food security. Thus, any attempt to reduce conflict means to improve food security and growth and development.
Dynamic Panel Data
Abbas Mirzaei; Reza Esfanjari Kenari; Abolfazl Mahmoodi; Mehdi Shabanzadeh
Volume 6, Issue 24 , September 2016, , Pages 107-118
Abstract
One of the major concerns for the future of human is living conditions on Earth. Environmental degradation by humans has caused to climate change in addition to vast reduction of natural resources. Recognition of environmental problems and factors is the first step in maintaining desirable biological ...
Read More
One of the major concerns for the future of human is living conditions on Earth. Environmental degradation by humans has caused to climate change in addition to vast reduction of natural resources. Recognition of environmental problems and factors is the first step in maintaining desirable biological conditions. Accordingly, in present study, was investigated the effect of shadow economy on environmental pressures and also the role of political and administrative corruption level in this regard. For this purpose, the pressure on nature was measured by sum of energy, mineral, net forest depletions and carbon dioxide damage. Also, panel data of 15 MENA countries from 1999 to 2013 were used to test this relationship. The result showed that relationship between the shadow economy and the environmental pressure is positive and significant. As, a 1% increase in the size of shadow economy increases the pressure on nature to 3.19%. Also, the result showed that the relationship between the size of shadow economy and the pressure on nature are dependent on the levels of countries corruption, so that increase in the corruption level increases the effect of shadow economy on environmental pressures. Therefore, production in the shadow economy of countries causes failure to comply environmental regulations by firms and increase of environmental pressures.
Mohammadali Motafakker Azad; Zahra Karimi Takanlo; Mohammadreza Salmani Bishak; Elnaz Hasan Nezhad Daneshmand
Volume 5, Issue 17 , December 2014, , Pages 48-23
Abstract
In recent decades, the process of globalization and its effects have resulted in movements on the side of ethnic minorities, called ethnic conflicts and ethnic tensions in developing countries particularly in those with ethnic varieties. On the other hand, increase in social and political awareness leads ...
Read More
In recent decades, the process of globalization and its effects have resulted in movements on the side of ethnic minorities, called ethnic conflicts and ethnic tensions in developing countries particularly in those with ethnic varieties. On the other hand, increase in social and political awareness leads to reinforced morale and solidarity towards common national preferences and interests besides an increased plea for pacifism and social and political equilibrium on the side of minorities. As a consequence, this new stable and peaceful status will pave the path for economic growth as a results of which access to social and economic rights will be facilitated and injustice will decrease. Finally, the foregoing results will lead to decreased violence and conflicts and the provision of more facilities under this new air of mutual understanding. In this study, we examined the effect of economic –social variables on ethnic tensions in selected 11 countries of the MENA (Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Tunisia and the United Arab Emirates) by using panel data for (1984-2009) period. Results show that economic - social variables (unemployment, inflation, income inequality) have positive significant effects on ethnic conflicts. On the other side, economic growth has negative significant effect on ethnic conflict.
