The Effect of War on Food Security in MENA Countries, 1990-2014  (An Unbalanced Panel Data Approach)

Fotros, Mohammad Hassan; Sahraee, Razie; Yavari, Masume

Document Type : ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Authors

¹ Professor of Economics, Bu Ali-Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

² Ph.D. Student in Economics, Bu Ali-Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

³ M.A. in Economics, Bu Ali-Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

Abstract

Food security is a main component of physical, mental and psychological health of any society and is a criterion for human development. Food security and access to safe and adequate food is of the main pillars of economic growth and development; so it is of the main goals of every country. War and insecurity damage food security. War is the increased major cause of poverty, unemployment and food insecurity. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of war on food security in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries in the period 1990-2014. In order to estimate the model for investigating the issue, the unbalanced panel data method was used. Results showed that war has the negative and significant impact on food security. Gross domestic product per capita, the size of the rural population, the ratio of arable land surface to total land surface and the use of agricultural machinery per hectare variables had positive and significant impact, and the size of the total population had negative and significant impact on food security. Thus, any attempt to reduce conflict means to improve food security and growth and development.

Keywords

20.1001.1.22285954.1397.8.30.3.8

Main Subjects

Mena Countries Group

References

سپهوند، احسان؛ اسفندیاری، ساسان و مهرآبی بشر آبادی، حسین (1393). "بررسی تأثیر مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی بر امنیت غذایی خانوارهای شهری در ایران". فصلنامه تحقیقات اقتصادی، شماره 15، 129-115.

فتاحی بیات، غلامرضا؛ گودرزی، احمد و گودرزی، محمدرضا (1395). "تأثیرسرمایه انسانی نوآور بر رشد اقتصادی (مطالعه موردی توسعه کشاورزی استان مرکزی(". فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی پژوهش‌های رشد و توسعه اقتصادی، دوره 7، شماره 25، 142-129.

میرزایی، عباس؛ اسفنجاری کناری، رضا؛ محمودی، ابوالفضل و شعبان‌‌زاده، مهدی (1395). "اقتصاد سایه و نقش آن درکنترل آسیب‌های زیست محیطی کشورهای منا". فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی پژوهش‌های رشد و توسعه اقتصادی، دوره 6، شماره 24، 115-103.

Badolo, F. & Kinda Romuald, S. (2014). “Climatic Variability and Food Security in Developing Countries”. Serie Etudes Et Documents Du Cerdi, 05, 1-43.

Baltaji, B. H. (2010). “Unbalanced Panel Data Models”. Department of Economics, University of Vienna, 9, 1-19.

Barrett, C. B. & Lentz, E. (2009). “Food Insecurity”. Chapter for the International Studies Compendium Project, Final Version, 1-44.

Brinkman, H. J. & Hendrix, C. S. (2011). “Food Insecurity and Violent Conflict: Causes, Consequences, and Addressing the Challenges”. World Food Program (WFP), 24, 1-32.

CBI website: http://www.worldbank.org/en/ region/mena/overview

Ecker, O. & Breisinger, C. (2012). “The Food Security System. A New Conceptual Framework”. International Food Policy Research Institute. (IFPRI Discussion Paper 01166), 1–12.

El-Erian, A. M., Sena, E., Fennel, S. & Chanffour, J. P. (1996). “Growth and Stability in the Middle East and North Africa”. International Monetary Fund (IMF), 1-44.

FAO, OECD, ADB, IFAD, ILO, IFPRI, & WTO. (2014). “Opportunities for Economic Growth and Job Creation in Relation to Food Security and Nutrition”. Report to the G20 Development Working Group, 1-37.

FAO, World Food Program (WFP) & International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) (2013). “The State of Food Insecurity in the World. The Multiple Dimensions of Food Security”. FAO, 1-52.

FAO. (2006). “Food Security”. FAO’s Agricultural and Development Economics Division, 2, 1-4.

FAO. (2009). “Declaration of the World Food Summit on Food Security”. World Food Summit on Food Security, 2, 1-7.

Helland, J. & Sorbo, M.G. (2014). “Food Security and Social Conflict”. CMI (Chr. Michelsen Institute). Report, 13057, 1-25.

Messer, E. & Cohen, M. J. (2006). “Conflict, Food Insecurity, and Globalization”. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Discussion Paper No. 206, 1-2.

Ravallion, M. (2008). “Evaluating Anti-Poverty Programs”. Development Research Group. World Bank, 20433, 3788-3817.

Teodosijević, S. B. (2003). “Armed Conflicts and Food Security”. Agricultural and Development Economics Division, ESA Working Paper, 03-11, 1-31.

Tweeten, L. (1999). “Public Regulation of Food and Agricultural Markets”. Department of Agriculture, Environmental, and Development Economics, The Ohio State University, USA, 1-9

Wiesmann, D. (2006). “ 2006 Global Hunger Index. A Basis for Cross-Country Comparisons” International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 1-6.

Wilner, J. P. & Hitzhusen, F. (2006). “Analyzing the Effects of Conflicts on Food Security in Developing Countries: An Instrumental Variable Panel Data Approach”. Selected Paper Prepared for Presentation at the American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Long Beach, California, 23-26, 1-33.

World Bank. (2010). “Food Security and Conflict”. Agriculture and Rural Development Department, 62034, 1-27.

World Food Programme (WFP). (2013). "The Status of Poverty and Food Security in Egypt: Analysis and Policy Recommendations". Preliminary Summary Report, 1-42.

Economic Growth and Development Research

The Effect of War on Food Security in MENA Countries, 1990-2014 (An Unbalanced Panel Data Approach)

References

References

Volume 8, Issue 30 - Serial Number 30
April 2018
Pages 55-66

The Effect of War on Food Security in MENA Countries, 1990-2014 (An Unbalanced Panel Data Approach)

References

References

Volume 8, Issue 30 - Serial Number 30April 2018Pages 55-66

Volume 8, Issue 30 - Serial Number 30
April 2018
Pages 55-66