Energy
Dhulfiqar Hameed Abed Hameed Abed; Yousef Mohammadzadeh; Ali Rezazadeh
Abstract
Energy is one of the most important economic and even political challenges facing societies today. Reducing energy intensity or increasing energy efficiency is therefore a priority for policymakers in major countries. Importantly, with the phenomenon of globalisation, developments in one country spill ...
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Energy is one of the most important economic and even political challenges facing societies today. Reducing energy intensity or increasing energy efficiency is therefore a priority for policymakers in major countries. Importantly, with the phenomenon of globalisation, developments in one country spill over to other countries, which has received more attention in recent studies in this category. Therefore, the present study examines the energy intensity spillover and the factors influencing it, with a focus on the financial development among 35 Asian during the years 2000-2021. This study has used the dynamic spatial panel approach (with two SAR and SDM approaches) for this purpose. The results of this study show that energy intensity is spatially dispersed among neighbouring countries. In addition, financial development has a negative effect on energy intensity, so that countries with higher financial development have been able to reduce their energy intensity. Countries with an open economy were also better able to reduce energy intensity. On the other hand, countries that enjoyed more natural resource rents had significantly higher energy intensities. Controlling corruption in countries can also have a significant impact on reducing energy intensity.
Rima Mohammad Moradi; Seyed Kamal Sadeghi; Mehrdad Khan Maku
Abstract
The interaction effect between financial development, air pollution and economic growth is on of the main issues in the macroeconomics literature and has been considered empirically from the view of economics researcher. Moreover, importance of renewable energy in economic growth, reducing environmental ...
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The interaction effect between financial development, air pollution and economic growth is on of the main issues in the macroeconomics literature and has been considered empirically from the view of economics researcher. Moreover, importance of renewable energy in economic growth, reducing environmental pollution and the role of financial resources on renewable energy projects express the importance of financial development in the development of renewable energy. This paper examines the nexus between clean energy consumption, financial development and economic growth in a group of MENA countries during 1995-2018. For this purpose, the (GMM) method has been utilized for model estimation. The results show that increasing clean energy, carbon dioxide emissions and increasing foreign direct investment have boosted economic growth in the countries studied. Also, despite the positive impact of financial development on clean energy consumption, it has not been able to reduce pollution. In order to expand investment in renewable energy, projects related to this sector should have been easier and more accessible to large and basic investors. Proper financial structure can lead to an increase in the volume of investment and at the same time reduce costs. On the other hand, it should be noted that targeting for projects can play a facilitating role and lead to investment maturity. Access to effective and appropriate tools to reduce risk for private sector investment and the use of tools such as guaranteed purchase, standardized portfolio of renewable energy, quota policies and low-cost lending for renewable energy projects will be able to meet the challenges overcome existing problems and reduce project risks to a great extent.
Reza Ghaderi Moghaddam; Bijan Baseri; Nemat Falihi; Gholamreza Abbasi
Abstract
Energy plays a vital role in production and consumption of variouse activities. In Iran energy affect economic growth as an important input along with other production inputs and increase value added of industrial activities and services in nationalwide. In this study, we will test the asymmetric analysis ...
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Energy plays a vital role in production and consumption of variouse activities. In Iran energy affect economic growth as an important input along with other production inputs and increase value added of industrial activities and services in nationalwide. In this study, we will test the asymmetric analysis of the effect of energy consumption on economic growth with emphasis on financial development using the ARDL method. Based on a nonlinear and asymmetric relationship between energy consumption, financial development and economic growth, we found the nonlinear relationship of variables examine the period 1981-2020. So two different indicators were used for the examination of financial development variable (domestic credit to private sector to GDP and private sector liquidity to GDP).The results show an asymmetries relationship between economic growth, energy consumption and financial development.In the long run and short run, the positive shock of energy consumption and financial development has slowed down economic growth. Positive energy consumption shockleads to producers' efforts to reduce energy consumption and reduce economic growth in the short run. Also, any positive shock to financial development reduces economic growth in Iran. This reduces consumption and access to finance, and ultimately reduces investment activities.
samineh qasemifar; Abolfazl Shahabadi; shamsolah shirinbakhsh; mirhosien mousavi; azam ahmadyan
Abstract
With the occurrence of major global financial crises and the widespread spread of crises in the economies of other countries, the importance of identifying and measuring crises and examining the effects of macroeconomics has become increasingly apparent. Hence in the present study, in order to quantify ...
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With the occurrence of major global financial crises and the widespread spread of crises in the economies of other countries, the importance of identifying and measuring crises and examining the effects of macroeconomics has become increasingly apparent. Hence in the present study, in order to quantify financial crises, following the basic portfolio theory approach, a systemic stress index has been designed for the Iranian economy during the period 2008-2019. The purpose of study is not only to identify the financial stress index of the Iranian economy, but also to examine whether financial stress can have irreversible effects on key economic variables. in this study, using Bayesian inference in vector autoregression models, the effects of financial stress on The format of growth model on the total factor productivity and its determinants has been analyzed. The results show that in both models the effects of financial stress shock on the factor total productivity is negative but also associated with relative durability At the same time, the reaction of the factor total productivity, the accumulation of internal research and development costs and the intensity of physical investment to the impulse of financial stress is more severe compared to the reaction of other variables. The findings of this study support the need to measure and in terms of financial stress index in macro policy decisions.
fereshteh majidzadeh; nazar dahmardeh
Abstract
Existence of natural resources can increase corruption through rent-seeking behaviors if there is no strong institutional framework. In the present study, the role of institutional quality in the impact of natural resource rents on the financial development of Iran in the period 1984-2019 has been investigated. ...
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Existence of natural resources can increase corruption through rent-seeking behaviors if there is no strong institutional framework. In the present study, the role of institutional quality in the impact of natural resource rents on the financial development of Iran in the period 1984-2019 has been investigated. For this purpose, first to extract the indicators of institutional quality and financial development from the model of principal component analysis and then from the Markov switching model to investigate the effect of natural resource rents on financial development in the country in two cases with and without considering Institutional quality index has been used. Increasing the rent of natural resources has had a negative and significant impact on financial development in low regime of the financial development. Economic growth and trade openness have also had a positive and significant impact on all levels and regimes of financial development. Increasing the rent of natural resources in terms of improving the institutional quality index has had a positive and significant effect on financial development in a low regime. Increasing the inflation has had a negative and significant effect on financial development in all regimes of financial development. It shows that improving the quality of institutions in the country is not able to eliminate the Dutch disease and the curse of resources completely, and this issue with the non-significant impact of natural resource rents in terms of improving the institutional quality index in the high regime of financial development in the country is visible.
Seyed Hussein Fatemi Nsab; Zohreh Hajiha; Ghodratollah Emamverdi; Ali Baghani
Abstract
The tourism industry is the largest and most diverse industry in the world. The impact of tourism on increasing employment and foreign exchange earnings, the prosperity of domestic industries, the expansion of international cooperation has changed the attitude of countries around the world and has found ...
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The tourism industry is the largest and most diverse industry in the world. The impact of tourism on increasing employment and foreign exchange earnings, the prosperity of domestic industries, the expansion of international cooperation has changed the attitude of countries around the world and has found an important place in government policy. Therefore, in this study, the orthogonal effect of financial development and tourism on economic growth in Iran has been modeled using the factor-augmented vector regression model (FAVAR) combined with the model of variable parameters over time (TVP). And using time series data during the years 1363 to 1397 has been studied. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between economic growth and tourism and a positive and significant relationship between economic growth and financial development. Financial development such as easy turnover in the country of origin and the simple use of financial instruments to finance tourists play an important role in the growth of this industry. Just as increased financial development leads to economic growth, so does economic growth lead to improved infrastructure and the development of the tourism industry.
توسعه مالی
seyed mohamad reza sharifi; ali haghighat; Mehrzad Ebrahimi; abbas aminifard
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of financial development and tax on the size of the underground economy. The importance of this is because the large size of the underground economy of the three channels has a negative impact on the economy, first the diversion of economic data; second, ...
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of financial development and tax on the size of the underground economy. The importance of this is because the large size of the underground economy of the three channels has a negative impact on the economy, first the diversion of economic data; second, the ineffectiveness and effectiveness of the state's economic policies; and third, because of the possibility of escaping Tax payments and non-compliance with legal requirements in the underground economy are in the interests of national interests, producers and households. Therefore, any policy that leads to a smaller underground economy is key. In this research, a model (TVP-FAVAR) with the aim of investigating the effect of financial development and tax evasion on the underground economy of Iran along with other related variables has been specified. For this purpose, time series data were used in the period 1350 to 1394 and two tools of instantaneous and cumulative response functions. The results of this study indicate that the underground economy's dynamics in response to the financial development shock has been a decreasing trend and increasing terms of tax evasion shock.
elahe bohloolvand; saeed farahanifard
Abstract
Financial development is one of the important and effective factors on the countries economic development and it is considered by planners and policymakers. Financial development is a multifaceted concept that, in addition to the monetary and banking dimension, includes other dimensions such as financial ...
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Financial development is one of the important and effective factors on the countries economic development and it is considered by planners and policymakers. Financial development is a multifaceted concept that, in addition to the monetary and banking dimension, includes other dimensions such as financial freedom, quality of governance and oversight, technological advances and existing institutional capacity. So this study, identifies 16 effective variables on financial development index and ranks them using the Bayesian model averaging (BMA) in Iran during 1991-2017.Inclusion probability indicates that liquidity ratio and credit risk are the most effective economic factors on Iran's financial development. Inclusion probability indicates that the size of the government, the rate of inflation, the openness of trade, the ratio of participation bonds and the size of the banking market take third to seventh rank regarding their effects on financial development model of Iran respectively. These variables have positively affected on the financial development index. Also, corruption control rank and government effectiveness rank with 44% and 36% probability of occurrence are the most effective non-economic and institutional factors in the financial development model of Iran, respectively, and affect the financial development index in a negative direction.On the other hand, there is no significant relationship between government budget deficit and financial development in Iran, due to the low probability of this variable in the model; it seems that this variable can affect financial development only through the channel of other variables included in the model
mona beheshti; Abbas memarnejad; taghi torabi; Seyyed Shamseddin Hosseini
Abstract
Abstractthe purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the direction of causality between financial development, trade liberalization and economic growth in 130 countries including Iran between 2000 and 2017. Cointegration approach, panel vector error correction (PVECM) and Toda-Yamamoto-Dolado-Lutkepohl ...
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Abstractthe purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the direction of causality between financial development, trade liberalization and economic growth in 130 countries including Iran between 2000 and 2017. Cointegration approach, panel vector error correction (PVECM) and Toda-Yamamoto-Dolado-Lutkepohl causality tests (TYDL) are used in this paper to investigate short - term and long-term causal factors. In order to create the Composite Financial Development index, we used the Principal Components method to present a novel approach. The results indicate that there is a long-term and strong bi - directional causality between all variables in high - income countries and there is a long-term causality in financial development and trade liberalization in form of reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers to economic growth in all groups. We also found that in high income countries, there is a short-term and strong causality in financial development to economic growth. As to study findings, the development of capital markets, the enhancement of their depth and efficiency, and the development of trade liberalization policies and stategies to increade economic growth in long run, recommended for middle income and low income countries. As a middle - income country, economic growth has always been an important objective in Iran. Thus , it seems necessary for country to deepen financial markets and institutions and increase the efficiency of financial markets to benefite from positive long- term effects of financial development on economic growth.Keywords: Financial Development,Vector Eror Correction Model , Trade Liberalization, Eonomic GrowthJEL: F1, F43, C10, G1, G29
توسعه مالی
hossein fathizadeh; masooud nonejad; Ali Haghighat; abbas aminifard
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between economic growth, energy intensity and financial development in the agricultural, industry and mining and services sectors of the Iranian economy. For this purpose, annual time series data of the sectors during the period from 1974 to 2016 were used. ...
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This study investigates the relationship between economic growth, energy intensity and financial development in the agricultural, industry and mining and services sectors of the Iranian economy. For this purpose, annual time series data of the sectors during the period from 1974 to 2016 were used. To analyze the relationships, Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) and Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) methods were used. The results of the long-run relationship of the ARDL model show that the impact of energy intensity on the economic growth of industry and mining, and services sectors is negative and significant and positive and significant in agriculture sector. The effect of financial development on economic growth in agriculture sector and industry and mining sector is positive and significant, while despite the positive impact of financial development on economic growth in services sector, the coefficient of this variable is not statistically significant. Furthermore, based on the results of variance decomposition in SVAR model, energy intensity growth and financial development growth have had a large share of economic growth fluctuations in different sectors of Iranian economy. Similarly, economic growth and financial development have also played a significant part in the energy intensity fluctuations of the sectors. Finally, energy intensity has the largest share of fluctuations in financial development in industry sector, while the economic growth has also played a considerable part in the fluctuations of financial development in the services sector.
Monetary policy
Mansour Khalili Iraqi; Sajad barkhordari; Amin Gallavani
Abstract
This study attempts to find out the impact of financial development on inflation targeting and monetary policy efficiency in OECD and OPEC countries for the period 2001-2017 based on annual data. For this purpose, the long-term inflation trend, which was extracted by the Hodrick Prescott (HP) filter, ...
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This study attempts to find out the impact of financial development on inflation targeting and monetary policy efficiency in OECD and OPEC countries for the period 2001-2017 based on annual data. For this purpose, the long-term inflation trend, which was extracted by the Hodrick Prescott (HP) filter, is considered as a proxy for the target inflation rate, and the difference between this proxy and the actual inflation rate was entered to the model as a dependent variable. Also, the broad-based index, which had been introduced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 2016, optimized by using fuzzy logic, has been used as a proxy for financial development. The results show that in OPEC countries, financial development has been neutral on monetary policy efficiency through output growth, which is consistent with the monetary neutral theory, and also financial development strengthen the efficiency of inflation targeting in these countries. On the other hand, the study indicates in OECD countries, financial development has been neutral on monetary policy efficiency through output growth, and unlike in OPEC countries, financial development has been neutral on inflation targeting efficiency in the period under review. This confirms that a high level of financial development reduces the efficiency of inflation targeting.
Interest Rate
Hasan Heidari; Jafar Haghighat; Zahra Karimi Takanlo; reza ranjpour
Abstract
In the Iranian economy over the past few decades, the financial system has been subject to many restrictions, including the grading of bank interest rates. In this study, considering the economic conditions of Iran, the interest rate of bank deposit is determined by combining the two approaches of liberalization ...
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In the Iranian economy over the past few decades, the financial system has been subject to many restrictions, including the grading of bank interest rates. In this study, considering the economic conditions of Iran, the interest rate of bank deposit is determined by combining the two approaches of liberalization and financial development and financial constraint. In this way, contrary to the bank's interest rate order, the central bank has issued two interest rates as a ceiling and a bank interest rate to banks, which are upper and lower limits. Banks can then operate freely and competitively, depending on their performance, between profit and loss ceilings, and determine the appropriate rate of interest for the banks themselves and adjust the business cycle more quickly and maintain their finances. To do this, a smooth panel regression model (PSTR) with data from the central bank and commercial banks of the country in the interval (2006-2016) has been estimated high and low.bank deposit interest rates.
توسعه مالی
Farshid Pourshahabi; Marzie Esfandiari
Volume 7, Issue 28 , September 2017, , Pages 113-126
Abstract
Economic growth has always been an important objective of policy in different countries. In developing countries including Iran, to achieving a reasonable rate of economic growth is essential. Since developing countries are facing with low efficiency of investment due to technological backwardness, so ...
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Economic growth has always been an important objective of policy in different countries. In developing countries including Iran, to achieving a reasonable rate of economic growth is essential. Since developing countries are facing with low efficiency of investment due to technological backwardness, so this set of countries would be taking advantage from foreign direct investment (FDI) as a source of capital accumulation and promote economic growth. Iran has a good potential for utilization of this resource considering to entering the field of FDI after the implementation of the nuclear deal. But the impact of FDI on economic growth needs required fields, including the host country's financial development. Therefore, in this study financial development as an important variable in the FDI inflow and economic growth is considered. The results for 10 developing Asian countries including Iran in the period 1996-2013 indicate that financial development has a determining effect on FDI inflow to the set of countries, but this is not enough and political stability is essential for FDI inflow. Also, the results indicate that although FDI has a positive and significant effect on economic growth in these set of countries, but financial development has a deterrent effect on economic growth of these countries due to the weak institutions and inefficiency in the allocation of funds.
f
Zahra Dehghan Shabani
Volume 7, Issue 27 , July 2017, , Pages 81-94
Abstract
The present study aims at analysing the effects of financial development on industrial concentration and regional economic growth in Iran. For this aim, we have specified econometrics models and estimated them by using spatial system dynamic panel data (Arellano-Bover/ Blundell-Bond) for 28 provinces ...
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The present study aims at analysing the effects of financial development on industrial concentration and regional economic growth in Iran. For this aim, we have specified econometrics models and estimated them by using spatial system dynamic panel data (Arellano-Bover/ Blundell-Bond) for 28 provinces of Iran over the period 2001-2011 The results indicated that financial development has a positive and meaningful effect on regional economic growth and regional economic growth has a positive and meaningful effect on the financial development and financial development does not meaningful effect on industrial concentration.
Income inequality
Mirnaser Mirbagheri Hir; siyamak shokohifard
Volume 7, Issue 25 , November 2016, , Pages 97-112
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of financial development on income inequality and poverty in selected Islamic countries. The selected countries include: Iran, Indonesia, Jordan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Egypt, Morocco, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and ...
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of financial development on income inequality and poverty in selected Islamic countries. The selected countries include: Iran, Indonesia, Jordan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Egypt, Morocco, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Libya. This study used the combined data methods to test the research hypotheses during the period 2000-2014. According to survey results, the coefficient of financial development in the Gini coefficient equation (-0.068) shows that financial sector development in Islamic countries has reduced income inequality. The effect of financial development on poverty is positive and significant at 5% level. Based on these results a percentage increase in the index of financial development, will lead to increased consumption per capita cost at 0.4 percent and reduce poverty in Islamic countries.
Globalization
Annamohammad Agharkakli; Mahmood Yahyazadehfar; Mehdi Nobakht
Volume 6, Issue 22 , January 2016, , Pages 56-37
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is measuring of international financial development and its effect on economy’s globalization in South-West Asia countries and Iran during the years 2004-2011.To do so, we have applied the data that published by the World Bank in 2014. In this research, Eviews econometric ...
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The purpose of this paper is measuring of international financial development and its effect on economy’s globalization in South-West Asia countries and Iran during the years 2004-2011.To do so, we have applied the data that published by the World Bank in 2014. In this research, Eviews econometric software and panel data method are used. The results of measure has shown that the international financial development index in south-west Asia countries during the years 2004-2011 is estimated at 0.21. and the average score of 0.39 is for Iran. So, in the international financial setor, Iran has titeled as relatively developed country among the south-west Asian countries. The results have shown that the international financial development index in southwest Asia and Iran is negative with a decreasing trend and also the index has decreased over the period. Finaly the results have shown that the relationship between international financial development index and economy’s globalization is significant.
Economic Growth
Behnam Ebrahimi; Mohammad Vaez Barzani; Rahim Dallali Esfahani; Majid Fakhar
Volume 6, Issue 22 , January 2016, , Pages 84-71
Abstract
It’s expected, theoretically, that financial development, facilitates allocation of resources to most-productive uses and thereby fosters economic growth. Nonetheless, some opponent theories and evidences, implies that financial development may has different and to some extent antonym effects on ...
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It’s expected, theoretically, that financial development, facilitates allocation of resources to most-productive uses and thereby fosters economic growth. Nonetheless, some opponent theories and evidences, implies that financial development may has different and to some extent antonym effects on economic growth in different situations. Specifically, qualitative financial development (financial innovations), in addition to augmenting economic efficiency, could result in regulatory arbitrage (financial institutions efforts to sidestep regulatory restrictions in order to gain more profits) which, in turn, distorts fundamental economic variables from optimum levels and thereby affects economic growth negatively. In this study, we use a semi-parametric model, based on a monetary/financial economic growth model, and data from Iran economy for the period of 1990-2012 to empirically evaluate the effect of unexpected occurrence of financial innovation on capital formation. According to results of the study, qualitative financial development would scale down capital formation and economic growth. Additionally, results reveal that regulated reserve requirements in Iran might be at their optimal level.
Mahmood Yahyazadehfar; Amir Mansour Tehranchian; Mahyar Hami
Volume 4, Issue 16 , November 2014, , Pages 88-73
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of social capital on financial development in Iran. To do so, the statistical data were collected during 1984 to 2012 and vector error correction model was used. The number of annually judicial cases about returned checks and liquidity to real gross domestic ...
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The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of social capital on financial development in Iran. To do so, the statistical data were collected during 1984 to 2012 and vector error correction model was used. The number of annually judicial cases about returned checks and liquidity to real gross domestic product ratio were selected as proxies of social capital and financial development respectively. The results derived from Johansen cointegration test indicate that there is a long-run equilibrium relation between social capital and financial development in Iran. Also vector error correction model estimates show that social capital has a positively significant impact on financial development in Iran.
Mohammad Reza Lotfalipour; Mohammadali Falahi; Had i Esmaeilpour Moghaddam
Volume 4, Issue 15 , August 2014, , Pages 76-61
Abstract
Undesirable environmental changes such as global warming and greenhouse gases emissions rising have created much concerns worldwide during recent decades. Environmental problems emerged from economic activities have become a controversial problem due to achieve higher economic growth rate. The ...
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Undesirable environmental changes such as global warming and greenhouse gases emissions rising have created much concerns worldwide during recent decades. Environmental problems emerged from economic activities have become a controversial problem due to achieve higher economic growth rate. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of economic growth, trade and financial development on environmental quality in Iran. To this end, the statistical data during the period of 1970-2011 has been used. Also by using the Auto Regression Model Distributed Lag (ARDL) short-term and long-term relationships between the variables of model were estimated and analyzed. The results show that financial development and economic growth increase the degradation of the environment. In addition, the rise in trade openness reduces the degradation of the environment. Error correction coefficient (ECM) shows that in each period 51 percent of imbalance will be compensated and it closes to its long run process. CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests show that the estimated coefficients are stable over the period.
Kiumars Shahbazi; Lesyan Saeidpour
Volume 3, Issue 12 , November 2013, , Pages 38-21
Abstract
This paper investigates the threshold effects of financial development on economic growth in D-8 countries for the period of 1980 to 2011, using Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model as one of the most prominent regime-switching models. For this end, domestic credit to private sector as percent ...
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This paper investigates the threshold effects of financial development on economic growth in D-8 countries for the period of 1980 to 2011, using Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model as one of the most prominent regime-switching models. For this end, domestic credit to private sector as percent of GDP is used as a financial development indicator and transition variable. The linearity test results indicate strongly nonlinear relationship among variables under consideration. Moreover, considering one transition function and one threshold parameter, as a two regime model, is sufficient to specification of nonlinear relationship among variables. The results indicate that threshold value is 26.55 percent and the estimated slope parameter is 0.24. In the first regime, financial development has a negative impact on economic growth. Beyond threshold value, in the second regime, the impact of financial development is positive and very low. Therefore, financial development has not played an important role in the process of economic growth in D-8 countries, and its influence is even very low with advancement of financial development.
Abbasali Abounoori; Manizheh Teimoury
Volume 3, Issue 11 , September 2013, , Pages 40-29
Abstract
In this research, it has been tried to analyze the effect of financial development on economic growth in selected member States of Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development with Upper Middle Income countries and compare them with each other. To do this, 5 financial development indicators have ...
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In this research, it has been tried to analyze the effect of financial development on economic growth in selected member States of Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development with Upper Middle Income countries and compare them with each other. To do this, 5 financial development indicators have been used which include: The ratio of private credit by deposit money banks to GDP, the ratio of liquid liabilities to GDP, the ratio of deposit money bank assets to GDP, the ratio of private credit by deposit money banks and other financial institutions to GDP and the ratio of bank deposits to GDP. Estimation of the model, by using panel data econometric method, has been used for 23 member states of Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development and 26 countries with Upper Middle Income during 1980 -2009. Selected method in panel data which has been used to estimate model based on Limer Test and Hausman Test is fixed effect method. Results indicate that financial development has negative and significant effect on economic growth of selected countries and since the member states of Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development enjoy higher development, the intensity of this effect for this class of countries is lower. Also the effects of other variables such as government size, inflation rate, lag of real GDP per capita, investment and openness is based on theoretical expectation.
Zivar Asadi; Javid Bahrami; Reza Talebloo
Volume 3, Issue 10 , June 2013, , Pages 26-9
Abstract
This paper evaluates the role played by financial development in economic growth, and also, the effect of economic growth on financial development of thirty six oil vis-à-vis nonoil economies during 1982-2011. Based on a panel of 5- years averages, we apply System Generalized Method of Moments ...
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This paper evaluates the role played by financial development in economic growth, and also, the effect of economic growth on financial development of thirty six oil vis-à-vis nonoil economies during 1982-2011. Based on a panel of 5- years averages, we apply System Generalized Method of Moments (SYS-GMM) to estimate the dynamic equations. The estimation results show that financial development plays a crucial role in the efficiency of investment, and thus, in performance of those economies. However the quality of financial institutions varies significantly between oil and nonoil countries. Another important result is that, despite of relatively high level of investment in oil economies, the quality of investment is really poor. This suggests that it is not the level of investment on its own but the quality of investment which is important. The high level of investment should be accompanied by a well developed financial system which channels financial resources away from less production projects. We also find that, the positive effect of per capita income on financial development is smaller in oil economies, and that, the real exchange rate is among the determinants of financial development in those economies.
Abdolali Monsef; Leila Torki; Seyed Jaber Alavi
Volume 3, Issue 10 , June 2013, , Pages 92-73
Abstract
There are different perspectives about the relationship between financial development and economic growth. The question has raised among economists is that whether the economic growth is affected by financial development or economic growth causes financial development? This study investigates the direction ...
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There are different perspectives about the relationship between financial development and economic growth. The question has raised among economists is that whether the economic growth is affected by financial development or economic growth causes financial development? This study investigates the direction of causality between financial markets indicators and economic growth in the D8 countries group during 1990-2010. For this, the panel causality testing approach, the method developed by Kónya (2006) based on the seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) and Wald tests with the country specific bootstrap critical values, is applied. The results indicate that the direction of causality between financial development and economic growth not only is different in countries also, it is different for the each indicator of financial development. Empirical results show that within the financial development indicators, The domestic credit provided by the banking sector in all of selected countries except Pakistan, has affected the economic growth. This indicates a higher degree of dependence of these countries upon the banking sector. Furthermore, within the money market indicators, the domestic credit to private sector indicator has the greatest influence from economic growth.
Morteza Sameti; Homayoun Ranjbar; Monireh Hematzadeh
Volume 3, Issue 9 , April 2013, , Pages 40-25
Abstract
This study seeks to investigate the relationship between the development of financial sector and real sector in an economy under the asymmetric information because true growth is conditioned to the development of the financial structure, so that, countries with more developed financial sector, enjoy ...
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This study seeks to investigate the relationship between the development of financial sector and real sector in an economy under the asymmetric information because true growth is conditioned to the development of the financial structure, so that, countries with more developed financial sector, enjoy a higher rate of growth than the other countries. In this study the economic growth criterion denotes the development of the real sector, and variables such as ratio of the value of the stock exchange to GDP has been introduced as a criterion of development of financial sector. Also, logarithm of variance of the stock exchange price index and bank credits of the private sector index have been applied as a criterion of asymmetric information in the fiscal and money market. This model is estimated by applying panel data method for selected developed and developing countries in 1993-2008. The results depict the higher effectiveness level of financial market in comparison with money market in the developed countries, also financial structure of the developed countries differs from the developing ones because of a high level and evolved information symmetry in the developed countries, while in the developing countries, the money market is stronger than the stock exchange.
Mehdi Taghavi; Sholeh Bagheri; Parisa Mohajeri
Volume 1, Issue 4 , December 2012, , Pages 54-37
Abstract
Many studies have shown positive contribution of financial sector development to economic growth. However some new results indicate that the previous findings do not hold especially in recent years. The main purpose in this study is to examine the structural break between the financial sector development ...
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Many studies have shown positive contribution of financial sector development to economic growth. However some new results indicate that the previous findings do not hold especially in recent years. The main purpose in this study is to examine the structural break between the financial sector development and economic growth in different countries with different levels of income by using the index of bank credit to private sector. For this purpose we use an empirical endogenous growth model and a panel data consisting of 45 countries for 48 years, and test for nonlinearity. We found endogenously structural changes in the relationship of different income groups. The results confirm that the structural changes have occurred, and that the points of structural changes vary with the level of economic development.
