Examining the Relationship between Economic Development, Diversification and Trade Liberalization to Energy Intensity in Iranian Agricultural Sector

Shabanzadeh, Mehdi; Taheri, Emran; Farshid Riahi Dorche, Farshid

Document Type : Quarterly Journal

Authors

¹ Ph.D. Student in Agricultural Economics, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

² M.A. Student in Agricultural Economics, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

³ M.A. in Agricultural Economics, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Iran as a developing country, having massive energy resource endowments is one of the examples of growth pattern with pressure on natural resources. energy as inputs in agriculture of Iran has particular importance. Reviewing the energy consumption in the agricultural sector, shows that, along with increased production and consumption of energy, including oil products and electricity, the value added of this sector is increased during the different years. But the fundamental question that arises is what causes the expansion of energy consumption in the agricultural sector of Iran. Is this increase was influenced by the expansion of trade and development? With this approach, in this study was investigated the relationship between economic development, diversification, trade liberalization and energy intensity in agriculture of Iran. In order to achieve this goal, by using modeling algorithms Fomby, relationship between diversification index, the share of agriculture in GDP and trade liberalization with energy intensity identifying and then in the framework of Johansen-Juselius cointegration model was examined for the period 1981-2012. The drought in 2008 as an effective dummy variable were considered in the short term. The results of this study showed existence of long-term relationship between the variables. So that, the effect of diversification and trade liberalization on energy intensity were positive and effects of share of agriculture was negative on energy intensity. The diversification was the most effective variable on energy intensity index. Because with a 1% increase in diversification, energy intensity will be reduced by 12.31%. The error correction coefficient was significant at the level of 1%. This subject shows that energy intensity shall be adjusted towards the long-run equilibrium by 0.09% per year.

Keywords

20.1001.1.22285954.1396.7.27.9.1

Main Subjects

References

آرمن، سید عزیز و زارع، روح اله (1384). "بررسی رابطه علّیت گرنجری بین مصرف انرژی و رشد اقتصادی در ایران طی سال‌های 1381-1346". پژوهش‌های اقتصادی ایران، دوره 7، شماره 24، 143-117.

احمدیان یزدی، فرزانه؛ سلیمی‌فر، مصطفی و احمدی شادمهری، محمدطاهر (1394). "اثرات آزادسازی تجاری و رشد اقتصادی بر جریان تجاری غیرنفتی ایران و چین طی دوره زمانی 1391-1360". فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی پژوهش‌های رشد و توسعه اقتصادی، دوره 5، شماره 20، 30-11.

بهبودی، داود و برقی گلعذانی، اسماعیل (1387). "اثرات زیست‌محیطی مصرف انرژی و رشد اقتصادی در ایران". فصلنامه اقتصاد مقداری، دوره 5، شماره 4، 53-35.

دامن کشیده، مرجان؛ عباسی، احمد؛ ادیب عربی، حسین و احمدی، حسن (1392). "بررسی رابطه مصرف انرژی و رشد اقتصادی؛ مطالعه موردی: کشورهای منتخب سند چشم‌انداز بیست‌ساله ایران". فصلنامه سیاست‌های راهبردی و کلان، دوره 1، شماره 2، 69-55.

سالم، بهنام و یوسف‌پور، نفیسه (1391). "بررسی آثار آزادسازی تجاری در کشورهای در حال توسعه". مجله اقتصادی بررسی مسائل و سیاست‌های اقتصادی، شماره 1، 104-93.

صادقی شاهدانی، مهدی (1395). "تبیین تأثیرپذیری رشد اقتصادی از بهبود کارایی مصرف انرژی". فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی پژوهش‌های رشد و توسعه اقتصادی، دوره 6، شماره 24، 151-141.

قاسمی، عبدالرسول و محمدخان پوراردبیل، رقیه (1393). "بررسی تأثیر فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات بر شدت مصرف انرژی در بخش حمل و نقل". پژوهشنامه اقتصاد انرژی ایران، دوره 4، شماره 13، 190-169.

مبینی دهکردی، علی؛ حوری جعفری، احمد و حمیدی‌نژاد، عطیه (1388). "بررسی وضعیت شاخص‌های مدیریت انرژی در ایران و جهان". فصلنامه راهبرد، دوره 18، شماره 51، 291-271.

منظور، داوود و نیاکان، لیلی (1393). "رابطه توسعه اقتصادی و شدت انرژی در کشورهای عضو اکو: مدل رگرسیون داده‌های تابلویی آستانه‌ای یکنواخت". پژوهش‌ها و سیاست‌های اقتصادی، دوره 22، شماره 69، 106-83.

نوفرستی، محمد (1391). "ریشه واحد و هم‌جمعی در اقتصادسنجی". چاپ چهارم، انتشارات رسا.

Adom, P. K. (2015). “Asymmetric Impacts of the Determinants of Energy Intensity in Nigeria”. Energy Economics, 49, 570-580.

Baležentis, A., Baležentis, T. & Streimikiene, D. (2011). “The Energy Intensity in Lithuania During 1995–2009: a LMDI Approach”. Energy Policy, 39(11), 7322-7334.

Berndt, E. R. (1978). “The Demand for Electricity: A Comment and Future Results”. University of British Columbia, Programme in Natural Resource Economic, 1-27.

Brown, R. L., Durbin, J. & Evans, J. M. (1975). “Techniques for Testing the Constancy of Regression Relationships Over Time”. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 37, 149- 163.

Coelli, T. J. & Fleming, E. (2004). “Diversification Economies and Specialization Efficiencies in a Mixed Food and Coffee Smallholder Farming System in Papua New Guinea”. Agricultural Economics, 31, 229-239.

Cole, M. A. (2006). “Does Trade Liberalization Increase National Energy Use”. Economics Letters, 92(1), 108–112.

Denison, E. F. (1984). “Accounting for Slower Economic Growth: An Update”. in: International Comparisons of Productivity and Causes of Slowdown, (ed.) by J.W. Kendrick. Cambridge (MA): Ballinger, 1-45.

Di Falco, S. & Chavas, J. P. (2014). “Rainfall Shocks, Resilience, and the Effects of Crop Biodiversity on Agroecosystem Productivity”. Land Economics, 1, 83-96.

FAO. (2009). “Energy use in Agriculture and Forestry”. http://faostat.fao.org /site/689/default.aspx.

Fatai, K., Oxley, L. & Scrimgeour, F. (2004). “Energy Consumption and Employment in New Zealand: Searching for Causality”. NZAE Conference 2002.

Feng, T., Sun, L. & Zhang, Y. (2009). “The Relationship between Energy Consumption Structure, Economic Structure and Energy Intensity in China”. Energy Policy, 37(12), 5475-5483.

Fomby, B. T. (1998). “How to Model Multivariate Time Series Data”. Department of Economics, Southern Methodist, University Dallas, USA.

Ghatak, S. & Ingersant, K. (1984). “Agricultural and Economic Development”. Harvester Press, London.

Glasure, Y. U. (2002). “Energy and National Income in Korea: Further Evidence on the Role of Omitted Variables”. Energy Economics, 24, 355-365.

Hamit-Haggar, M. (2012). “Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: A Panel Cointegration Analysis from Canadian Industrial Sector Perspective”. Energy Economics, 34(1), 358-364.

Hang, L. & Tu, M. (2007). “The Impacts of Energy Prices on Energy Intensity: Evidence from China”. Energy policy, 35(5), 2978-2988.

Hardaker, J. B., Huirne, R. M. B., Anderson, J. R. & Lien, G. (2005). “Croping withRisk in Agriculture”. 2nd Edition, CABI Publishing, Wallingford.

Hart, P. E. (1971). “Entropy and Other Measures of Concentration”. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 134(1), 73-85.

Hye, Q. M. A. (2012). “Long Term Effect of Trade Openness on Economic Growth in Case of Pakistan”. Quality & Quantity, 46(4), 1137-1149.

IEA, (2012). “Oil & Gas Security Emergency Response of IEA Countries”. http://www.iea.org/ publications/freepublications/publication/ 2012_Iran_Country_ Chapterfinal_with_last_page.pdf

Johansen, S. & Juselius, K. (1990). “Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration with Applications to the Demand for Money”. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52(2), 169-210.

Lele, U., Klousia-Marquis, M. & Goswami, S. (2013). “Good Governance for Food, Water and Energy Security”. Aquatic Procedia, 1, 44-63.

Marrero, G. A. & Ramos-Real, F. J. (2013). “Activity Sectors and Energy Intensity: Decomposition Analysis and Policy Implications for European Countries (1991–2005)”. Energies, 6(5), 2521-2540.

Mulder, P. & De Groot, H. L. F. (2012). “Dutch Sectoral Energy Intensity Developments in International Perspective, 1987–2005”. Energy Policy, 52, 501–512.

Mulder, P., De Groot, H. L. F. & Pfeiffer, B. (2014). “Dynamics and Determinants of Energy Intensity in the Service Sector: A Cross-Country Analysis, 1980–2005”. Ecological Economics, 100, 1-15.

Nasreen, S. & Anwar, S. (2014). “Causal Relationship between Trade Openness, Economic Growth and Energy Consumption: A Panel Data Analysis of Asian Countries”. Energy Policy, 69, 82-91.

Oh, W. & Lee, K. (2004). “Causal Relationship between Energy Consumption and GDP Revisited: The Case of Korea 1970-1999”. Energy Economics, 26, 51-59.

Pingali, P. L. & Rosegrant, M. W. (1995). “Agricultural Commercialization and Diversification: Processes and Policies”. Food Policy, 20, 171-186.

Rahman, S. (2009). “Whether Crop Diversification is a Desired Strategy for Agricultural Growth in Bangladesh?”. Food Policy, 34, 340-349.

Sadorsky, P. (2012). “Energy Consumption, Output and Trade in South America”. Energy Economics, 34(2), 476-488.

Shahbaz, M., Khan, S. & Tahir, M. I. (2013). “The Dynamic Links between Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, Financial Development and Trade in China: Fresh Evidence from Multivariate Framework Analysis”. Energy Economics, 40, 8-21.

Stern, D. I. (1993). “A Multivariate Cointegration Analysis of the Role of Energy in the US Macroeconomy”. Energy Economics, 22, 267- 283.

Todaro, M. P. (1989). “Economic Development in the Third World”. 4th ed., Longman.

Voigt, S., De Cian, E., Schymura, M. & Verdolini, E. (2014). “Energy Intensity Developments in 40 Major Economies: Structural Change or Technology Improvement?”. Energy Economics, 41, 47-62.

Yang, H. Y. (2000). “A Note on the Causal Relationship between Energy and GDP in Taiwan”. Energy Economics, 22, 309-317.

Economic Growth and Development Research

Examining the Relationship between Economic Development, Diversification and Trade Liberalization to Energy Intensity in Iranian Agricultural Sector

References

References

Volume 7, Issue 27 - Serial Number 27
July 2017
Pages 143-156

Examining the Relationship between Economic Development, Diversification and Trade Liberalization to Energy Intensity in Iranian Agricultural Sector

References

References

Volume 7, Issue 27 - Serial Number 27July 2017Pages 143-156

Volume 7, Issue 27 - Serial Number 27
July 2017
Pages 143-156