Yadollah Dadgar; Rouhollah Nazari
Volume 2, Issue 6 , May 2012, , Pages 172-149
Abstract
One of the most well known methods for explaining the growth in public sector is Wagner's law, which explains the growth of government size. Wagner argues that the more per capita income in economy, the bigger would be the government size. Using panel data method, this paper is analyzing Wagner's law ...
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One of the most well known methods for explaining the growth in public sector is Wagner's law, which explains the growth of government size. Wagner argues that the more per capita income in economy, the bigger would be the government size. Using panel data method, this paper is analyzing Wagner's law for Iran and southeastern Asian countries .The results confirm the consistency of Wagner's law for both Iran and those selected countries.
Jahangir Biabani; Taghva Khosravi
Volume 2, Issue 5 , March 2012, , Pages 182-131
Abstract
In this study, the existence or non-existence of housing price bubble in Tehran is investigated by both econometric and graphical approaches during the period of 1992:Q2 to 2009:Q1. For this purpose, Poterba's model is combined with Tobin's Q theory, which provides us with an academic tool for analyzing ...
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In this study, the existence or non-existence of housing price bubble in Tehran is investigated by both econometric and graphical approaches during the period of 1992:Q2 to 2009:Q1. For this purpose, Poterba's model is combined with Tobin's Q theory, which provides us with an academic tool for analyzing the effects of supply and demand shocks on house price and also deviations from fundamental value of house price in the LR and SR. In econometric approach, by using the defined variables in Poterba's model as the effective factors on housing demand and Tobin's Q ratio as an effective criterion for housing supply, fundamental value of house price is estimated by Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and the residuals of ARDL model is then concerned as the "bubble component". Next, in graphical approach, by using second method of detecting price bubble namely deviation from LR average of some ratios like P/CC, P/R, P/Y and P/DM, their graphs are illustrated. The existence of two price bubbles in Tehran housing market in 1996-97 and 2007-08 is verified mainly in both methods. As well, findings show that all inflation, Tobin's Q ratio, real rent, number of households and housing stock are the determining elements of the fundamental value of house price in Tehran and these variables tend to long run equilibrium at a confidence level more than 95%.
Mohammadreza Lali; Saeed Daei-Karimzadeh; Farzad Karimi
Abstract
Recent studies on complex networks in international trade show the number of partners; trade intensity, indirect trade connections and the central position of each partner in the trade network have significant effects on economic growth. The network analysis approach in investigating the effect of trade ...
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Recent studies on complex networks in international trade show the number of partners; trade intensity, indirect trade connections and the central position of each partner in the trade network have significant effects on economic growth. The network analysis approach in investigating the effect of trade on economic growth, unlike conventional methods, can identify and measure indirect trade relations (intermediary countries in trade) in international interactions. This research aims to investigate world trade centrality indicators’ effects on economic growth using panel data of 42 chosen countries of Asia and CIS, in two steps. At first, the weighted directional matrices of trade was made and then the centrality indices of the countries were calculated for the selected years according to a complex network approach. Then the effect of the aforementioned indices as an explanatory variable of trade on economic growth has been investigated, and these were compared with the effect of the trade openness index.The results of the research show that compared to the conventional indicator of the trade openness index, the centrality indicators of the world trade network show a better explanation of economic growth while having more effect. Among these, the closeness centrality (due to having a core role in the network and the entanglement of trade relations) and the eigenvector centrality (due to establishing relationships with countries that are connected with important partners in the network) have more effects on economic growth.
Inflation
Faramarz Tahmasebi
Abstract
Inflation influences the assets’ price and return. In order to maintain the money value, investors are willing to invest in assets which maintain their purchasing power and bring them good returns, when they encounter inflationary conditions. Some assets have this function, including stocks, gold, ...
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Inflation influences the assets’ price and return. In order to maintain the money value, investors are willing to invest in assets which maintain their purchasing power and bring them good returns, when they encounter inflationary conditions. Some assets have this function, including stocks, gold, currency, housing, land, etc. This study aimed to review the effect of inflation on investment in a combination of physical and financial assets. The main research question is how the optimal investment portfolio of the people changes with the change of the inflationary conditions and the escalation of the inflation rate. For this purpose, the optimal combination of assets such as dollar, gold coins, stocks, corporate bonds, housing, bank deposits and land was extracted in different inflationary conditions during the period of 1991-2021 using Markowitz's mean-variance model. The results indicated that assets are moved in the people’s investment portfolio due to the change in the inflationary conditions. Where the inflation rate was lower than its 30-year average, the best investment combination for people were corporate bonds, housing, stocks and bank deposits, respectively. With the escalating inflationary conditions and the inflation rate higher than the 30-year average, the optimal investment portfolio includes corporate bonds, gold coins, stocks and land, respectively. Comparing the composition of assets in the first to fourth quartiles of inflation represented that the corporate bonds, housing, stocks and gold are the first priorities of people's investment.
Co2 Emissions
Somayeh Azami; Fatemeh Hosseini
Abstract
Clarifying the relationship between income inequality and carbon emissions can be a reference for achieving sustainable development and improving the income allocation mechanism. This study focuses on the provinces of Iran and first calculates the emission of carbon dioxide caused by the final energy ...
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Clarifying the relationship between income inequality and carbon emissions can be a reference for achieving sustainable development and improving the income allocation mechanism. This study focuses on the provinces of Iran and first calculates the emission of carbon dioxide caused by the final energy consumption of the provinces in the period of 2015-2016. By considering cross-sectional dependence, the long-run relationship between model variables is confirmed. Also, the results indicate the confirmation of spatial correlation. The estimation of the Spatial Durbin Model(SDM) in full dynamic case shows that lagged CO2 emission ( & ) positively and significantly affects the CO2 emission of the provinces. Spatial effects of lagged explanatory variables (production, energy intensity and Gini coefficient) are significant on CO2 emissions. The positive and significant spatial dependence coefficient indicates that the emission of CO2 in one province has a positive spillover effect on the emission of CO2 in neighboring provinces. Kuznets' environmental hypothesis is confirmed. Gini coefficient and energy intensity have a positive and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. Sustainable economic growth can be achieved by reducing energy intensity. Social equity reduces carbon emissions by redistributing income from rich to poor households. Therefore, implementing policies to improve income distribution and strengthening institutions that can help overcome income inequality by supporting the rights of poor people, along with reforming energy policies, can help improve the quality of the environment in Iran.
Seyed Nezamuddin Makiyan; Mehdi Emami Meybodi; Samaneh Eshraty; Zohreh Ahmadi
Volume 3, Issue 11 , September 2013, , Pages 84-75
Abstract
Many factors affect on the performance of economic activities. Some of these factors are out of the control which areknown in economic literature as Doing Business. Although this concept was used in economic history thought, but from the 1990s the literature of doing business has been concerned by governments ...
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Many factors affect on the performance of economic activities. Some of these factors are out of the control which areknown in economic literature as Doing Business. Although this concept was used in economic history thought, but from the 1990s the literature of doing business has been concerned by governments and international economic institutions. This study aims to investigate andcompare the most important factors, i.e.: starting a business, getting credit, protecting investors, paying taxes, trading across borders and enforcing contracts which improve the environment of doing business for growth.We examine such a factorsbetween MENA Islamic countries and the countries of OECD in the period of 2007-2012. The method which is used, is panel data regression analyses. Results indicate that the Islamic countries must have more attention to the factors of trading across borders and getting credit for improvement of ease of doing business.
Mohsen Tarafdar; Mohammad Mehdi Askari; Korion Grigoorian
Volume 6, 23(2) , September 2016, , Pages 88-73
Abstract
The shortage of irrigation water is one of the most important problems which Iran is facing it. Irrigation water pricing is one of the economic approaches to manage it and using efficiently. This paper's purpose is to evaluate the effect of irrigation water price induction on productivity of agriculture ...
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The shortage of irrigation water is one of the most important problems which Iran is facing it. Irrigation water pricing is one of the economic approaches to manage it and using efficiently. This paper's purpose is to evaluate the effect of irrigation water price induction on productivity of agriculture section in Iran (case: Kashan). This study is an application –development in terms of objective and is a post- event in terms of the study design and descriptive in terms of conclusion. The paper's results show that during study period (2006- 2010), irrigation water price has risen in kashan region. But this leads not only to increase average cultivated land per a farmer, but also, to increase crops and garden products monetary productivity. It means that Iranian government can use irrigation water price induction as a tool for increasing productivity in agriculture section in Iran. In addition, crops and garden products have different productivity. Results also show that dill and apricot have the highest productivity in among all crops and garden product in the region respectively.
Saeed i Rasekh; Milad Shahrazi; Mohamad Reza Abdollahi
Volume 2, Issue 7 , September 2012, , Pages 90-81
Abstract
This paper examines asymmetric impact of exchange rate and its risk (volatility) on Iran’s non oil export. The asymmetric effect indicates to differently affect exchange rate and its volatility on export at periods of exchange rate moving up and down. To test this hypothesis, we have first measured ...
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This paper examines asymmetric impact of exchange rate and its risk (volatility) on Iran’s non oil export. The asymmetric effect indicates to differently affect exchange rate and its volatility on export at periods of exchange rate moving up and down. To test this hypothesis, we have first measured the volatility by using exponential GARCH and then we’ve estimated the export equation including the volatility during time period 1959-2007. Based on the results, the effect of exchange rate on the export is positive and asymmetric. Also, the volatility of exchange rate has a negative and an asymmetric effect. So, the hypothesis is verified. This may be due to the asymmetric feeling of exporters about the risk and reflect their anti risk behavior. Based on the results, economic policy makers should make different policies while exchange rate moving down compared with its moving up in order to minimize the negative effects of the volatility.
Hassan Pourjavadkhah; Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari; Fatholah Keshavarz; Masoumeh Mohammadzadeh
Volume 5, 17(2) , October 2015, , Pages 90-81
Abstract
The purpose of this descriptive study was to assess the educational needs of rural youth on agricultural entrepreneurial activities in Guilan province. The statistical population of this study consisted of rural youth who were between 15-35 year old (N = 2598) and the sample size was determined by using ...
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The purpose of this descriptive study was to assess the educational needs of rural youth on agricultural entrepreneurial activities in Guilan province. The statistical population of this study consisted of rural youth who were between 15-35 year old (N = 2598) and the sample size was determined by using a minimum sample size table for given population by Bartlett et al. (n = 262). In order to assess the educational needs, a questionnaire based on Borich Model was used. Data analysis was performed using (SPSS18). The educational needs were analyzed and ranked using Mean Weighted Descriptive Scores (MWDS). Results showed that competencies such as “identifying principles of proper decision-making procedures” was noticed as the most important priority for education. Although, “identifying principles of proper establishment of home employment" was in the last rank in educational needs. MWDS indicated that all competencies were in the high level of needs. The findings of t and F-tests reveal that there were no significant differences between individual characteristics and contextual factors, while “local markets in the village or neighboring village” had a significant effect on educational needs (p < 0.05).
Ebrahim Moradi; Mosayeb Pahlavani; Ahmad Akbari
Volume 5, 17(3) , December 2015, , Pages 90-79
Abstract
Producers, who have lower efficiency in wheat production, can use the experiences of other producers and increase their efficiency over time. based on existing theories, probably producers with low initial levels of efficiency will have grown their efficiency faster than producers that have high levels ...
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Producers, who have lower efficiency in wheat production, can use the experiences of other producers and increase their efficiency over time. based on existing theories, probably producers with low initial levels of efficiency will have grown their efficiency faster than producers that have high levels of efficiency and a convergence over time will be between them. To investigate the convergence of cost efficiency, information on input prices, yield per hectare and production cost per hectare for irrigated wheat, were collected for 28 provinces in a 10-years period. By studying different methods of stochastic frontier cost function with panel data, "true random effects Model" of stochastic frontier method was selected. The model was estimated by using Simulation Halton method. Then Cost efficiency was calculated for each province. Beta and Sigma convergence test was conducted on cost efficiency. Results show that, changes of land rent (price) has the greatest impact and changes in the price of fertilizer per hectare has the lowest impact on production cost per hectare. Also, we find that There is Beta convergence (convergence of efficiency increase over initial levels) and Sigma convergence (convergence dispersion efficiency over time), between different provinces to improve cost efficiency in wheat production.
Mohammad Mowlaei; Oday Ali
Volume 8, Issue 31 , June 2018, , Pages 93-106
Abstract
Household consumption expenditures one of the main economic variables that reflect the households’ welfare level as well as stimulate aggregate demand and purpose of all production in the economy. Therefore, measuring the income shocks transmission to household consumption is critical for evaluation ...
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Household consumption expenditures one of the main economic variables that reflect the households’ welfare level as well as stimulate aggregate demand and purpose of all production in the economy. Therefore, measuring the income shocks transmission to household consumption is critical for evaluation the ability of consumption smoothing with income shocks or economic stability and hence, for designing stabilization, income-maintenance and optimal social policies in the aim to increasing purchasing power, preserving and promoting the welfare of households. According to the terms of stagflation in Iran economy over the past few years, this paper computes the degree of transmission of temporary and permanent income shocks to using the panel data on the income, meal consumption expenditures and other household characteristics (Age, gender, education, working status and marital status) gathered by Iranian urban and rural households’ expenditures and Income Surveys (HEIS) over the period 1388-1393. The results show that there is nearly complete insurance against temporary and permanent income during the period of study.
Asghar Abolhasani Hastiyani; Mohammad Hossein Pour Kazemi; Abolghaseme Asna Ashari Amiri; Mohammad Hossein EhsanFar
Volume 2, Issue 8 , December 2012, , Pages 94-83
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to determine the optimal time paths of economic variables such as production, inflation, money stock and government expenditures, and also sensitivity analysis of these paths. For this aim, a deterministic optimal control model is used. In this model, a quadratic objective ...
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The purpose of this paper is to determine the optimal time paths of economic variables such as production, inflation, money stock and government expenditures, and also sensitivity analysis of these paths. For this aim, a deterministic optimal control model is used. In this model, a quadratic objective functional, due to the constraint of dynamic macroeconomic equations system, will be minimized. In this method, the squared deviations of variables from their steady state values are weighted. Then, optimal paths of control and state variables are calculated by using Mathematica software. Optimization results indicate that if optimal policies are chosen, mentioned variables will considerably have less fluctuations. According to results of survey, analyzing the sensitivity of the model to policy weight emphasizes on inverse relationship between weight imposed by economic policy makers on the target variable, and standard deviation of values ofthe optimal paths for that variable. Also, this paper shows that mathematical economic models and techniques can be used in order to solve the problems of growth, production and inflation.
Monetarists
Amir Mansour Tehranchian
Volume 7, Issue 27 , July 2017, , Pages 95-110
Abstract
In this survey, the perfect capital mobility has been examined on the basis of saving incidence on gross capital formation in selected Asian countries during (2005-2012). For this aim, panel data based on generalized method of moments (GMM) is used to examine the model. The empirical results show that ...
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In this survey, the perfect capital mobility has been examined on the basis of saving incidence on gross capital formation in selected Asian countries during (2005-2012). For this aim, panel data based on generalized method of moments (GMM) is used to examine the model. The empirical results show that investment and savings changes are aligned in these countries and there is a positive relationship between them. According to empirical results, one percent rise in saving will increase investment by 0.03 percent. So, assumption of perfect immobility of capital is not rejected in this survey. Despite the fact that imperfect capital mobility can decrease the effect of global economy volatility on domestic economy, but still effectiveness and efficiency of macroeconomic fiscal policy should be considered. According to traditional method of Mundell-Fleming, not only exchange rate system can influence the degree of macroeconomic fiscal policy effectiveness, but also capital mobility can be effective too. So, strengthing the legal infrastructure of foreign capital absorbtion and assurance, and domestic financial market development and reducing foreign investment risk can be effecive in incresing the degree of capital mobility.
Income inequality
Mirnaser Mirbagheri Hir; siyamak shokohifard
Volume 7, Issue 25 , November 2016, , Pages 97-112
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of financial development on income inequality and poverty in selected Islamic countries. The selected countries include: Iran, Indonesia, Jordan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Egypt, Morocco, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and ...
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of financial development on income inequality and poverty in selected Islamic countries. The selected countries include: Iran, Indonesia, Jordan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Egypt, Morocco, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Libya. This study used the combined data methods to test the research hypotheses during the period 2000-2014. According to survey results, the coefficient of financial development in the Gini coefficient equation (-0.068) shows that financial sector development in Islamic countries has reduced income inequality. The effect of financial development on poverty is positive and significant at 5% level. Based on these results a percentage increase in the index of financial development, will lead to increased consumption per capita cost at 0.4 percent and reduce poverty in Islamic countries.
ی
soheila savojipour; abbas assari arani; Lotfali Agheli; ali hasanzadeh
Volume 8, Issue 29 , December 2017, , Pages 97-110
Abstract
This study models healthcare expenditure in household level with the aim of utilizing enough health goods and services in Iran. For this purpose, first suitable econometrics methods for health sector are investigated and then main determinants of households’ healthcare expenditure are introduced ...
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This study models healthcare expenditure in household level with the aim of utilizing enough health goods and services in Iran. For this purpose, first suitable econometrics methods for health sector are investigated and then main determinants of households’ healthcare expenditure are introduced by using the sample selection model. Model estimation has been based on the socio-economic and demographic information of 38513 Iranian households, derived from household’s income- expenditure survey (HIES) in 2011. The results show that the increasing of household's members (children, youth and elderly) and women proportion, to be married of household's head, smoking, having health insurance and living in urban and more development areas encourage households to purchase health goods and services in respective market. On the other hand, household's healthcare expenditure will increase if household consumes more amount of Tobacco, family number, especially the number of elderly members is more and the larger proportion of family members belongs to women. Moreover, households that belong to middle income groups, and who have health insurance and their header is married spend higher expenditure to purchase the health goods and services. This result is true about households which have house; their members are more educated and live in urban areas and provinces where more developed in terms of health facilities.
amir ali farhang
Abstract
Growing demand for energy leads to economic growth and at the same time increases pollution and environmental degradation. Given the importance of economic growth and the environment, it is important for policymakers and economists to understand how energy variables and pollution affect the economic ...
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Growing demand for energy leads to economic growth and at the same time increases pollution and environmental degradation. Given the importance of economic growth and the environment, it is important for policymakers and economists to understand how energy variables and pollution affect the economic growth of countries. According to this, the present study investigated the effects of fossil fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and crude oil prices on economic growth during the period 2000-2019 in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). For analysis, the Pooled mean group (PMG) and dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) methods have been used and the countries studied in the study, in addition to the regional study of MENA, are divided into two subgroups, including countries exporting and importing crude oil. The results of PMG estimation show that a one percent increase in fossil fuel energy consumption, CO2 emissions and crude oil prices increased economic growth by 0.183, 0.013 and 0.058 percent for the crude oil exporting countries, respectively, while increasing by one percent. Crude oil prices in the short and long term will reduce the economic growth in the countries importing crude oil by 0.0260 and 0.409% respectively. The estimation results of DOLS method are similar to the results of PMG method and confirm it and indicate that the research has sufficient strength.
Reza Najarzadeh; Farzad Rahimzadeh
Volume 3, Issue 9 , April 2013, , Pages 98-85
Abstract
Undoubtedly, the Internet has affected the country's economic and financial interactions. Therefore, in this paper, the effect of Internet on economic growth has been studied. To this end, data of 140 countries collected in the period 1995 to 2010 and after review of data stationary and their cointegration ...
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Undoubtedly, the Internet has affected the country's economic and financial interactions. Therefore, in this paper, the effect of Internet on economic growth has been studied. To this end, data of 140 countries collected in the period 1995 to 2010 and after review of data stationary and their cointegration with Pedroni Cointegration test, model is estimated by panel data approach. The model estimation results show that the rate of Internet access, capital stock, labor force, trade openness and per capita spending on education have positive and significant effects and inflation and government consumption spending have the negative impact on per capita GDP growth.
International Commerce
aso Esmailpour; Ahmad Assadzadeh; Mostafa Shokri; Hammed Zolghader
Volume 7, Issue 28 , September 2017, , Pages 99-112
Abstract
One of the main goals of developing countries is abating of stable and enduring economic growth. Therefore, recognition of effective factors on economic growth is very important. Due to special significance of effective factors on non-oil exports in trade policy making, in this study the influence ...
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One of the main goals of developing countries is abating of stable and enduring economic growth. Therefore, recognition of effective factors on economic growth is very important. Due to special significance of effective factors on non-oil exports in trade policy making, in this study the influence of different Variables such as efficacy of export insurance subsidy on non-oil exports has been studied. Because of the high power models to predict the behavior of economic systems based on fuzzy regression, fuzzy regression is used to examine the relationship between non-oil exports with export insurance subsidy and other variables in the period 1995 to 2015.The results obtained from this study show that short term and long-term export insurance subsidy have positive effect on non-oil exports of the country. According to these results and main foresighted objectives defined in future economic development document, which include reduction of dependency to oil export revenues, in order to increase non-oil exports it is suggested to use export insurance subsidy.
s
Sima Eskandari Sabzi; Asadolah Farzinvash; Kambiz Hojabr Kiani; Hamid Shahrestani
Volume 8, Issue 30 , April 2018, , Pages 101-116
Abstract
Economic instability affects the domestic money that economic agents are willing to hold. For example in an uncertain inflationary environment, they prefer to less demand for money and use those asset which has less risk of maintenance, such as foreign currency and foreign assets. The use of foreign ...
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Economic instability affects the domestic money that economic agents are willing to hold. For example in an uncertain inflationary environment, they prefer to less demand for money and use those asset which has less risk of maintenance, such as foreign currency and foreign assets. The use of foreign currency as a store of value is "dollarization". This study examines the impact of economic instability on the unofficial dollarization in Iran. For this purpose, we estimate the degree of dollarization by Kamin and Ericsson (2003) and El-Erian (1988) method, then obtain a composite macroeconomic instability index with the consumer price index, exchange rate, stock of international reserves, interest rate and budget deficit, then examine by using a vector auto regression model over the period of 1979 to 2014. The results indicate that economic instability affects dollarization positively. The impulse response function shows that a one-standard error shock in instability increases dollarization at first, and gradually reduced. The results of variance decomposition also show that in long term instability index can explain fluctuation of the dollarization.
OPEC
Abo Alghasem AsnaAshari; Kamran Nadri; Asghar Abolhasani; Nader Mehregan; Mohammad Reza Babaei
Volume 6, Issue 22 , January 2016, , Pages 102-85
Abstract
Like most of oil exporting countries, Iran’s economy is exposed to the government’s great share of economic activites, complicated monetary and economic policies and a meager activity in production section.Thus a shock in oil price has a significant effect on domestic production, inflation ...
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Like most of oil exporting countries, Iran’s economy is exposed to the government’s great share of economic activites, complicated monetary and economic policies and a meager activity in production section.Thus a shock in oil price has a significant effect on domestic production, inflation and money. On the proposed model of Qu and Perron (2007), the present study Investigates structural shocks of Iran’s economy stemed from exogenous oil price considering the variables of production, inflation and money as independent and endogenous variables during the period from March 1961 to February 2012. Accordingly, five structural shocks have been identified in September 1973, July 1979, May 1990, July 1994 and May 2006. The most considerable effect of oil price on production, inflation and money growth were in the first, first and fifth regimes respectively. Moreover, the longest period of oil price effects on production, inflation and money growth were in forth, second and fifth regimes respectively.
Ali Asadi; Seyed Meysam Esmaeili
Volume 3, Issue 12 , November 2013, , Pages 104-89
Abstract
In recent decades, the issues related to human capital and its impact on economic growth have been important. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of human development on economic growth in the period of 1971 -2012 in Iran. Therefore, according to the purpose of ...
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In recent decades, the issues related to human capital and its impact on economic growth have been important. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of human development on economic growth in the period of 1971 -2012 in Iran. Therefore, according to the purpose of this research, firstly we calculated Iran’s human development index based on the UN definition and analyzedthe impact of human development index on economic growth by using Markov-Switching model. The main model of this study is determined by using the model of Lucas and Line (2004). To estimate the nonlinear relationship between human development and economic growth based on the likelihood function, MSI model with two regimes (prosperity or recession) was chosen from the different states of the Markov - Switching (MS) model. Changing the relationship between these two variables over time, is one of the most important characteristics of Markov – Switching method. Based on the results, human development has a positive impact in recession periods and negative impact in prosperity on economic growth in Iran. Also, stability of the first regime (recession) is greater than the second (prosperity).
Sohrab Delangizan; Mohammad Sharif Karimi; Zeinab Khalvandi
Volume 4, Issue 15 , August 2014, , Pages 104-87
Abstract
Financial corruption affects on economy’s health via different channels which the most important channel is distortions in the allocation of resources. On the other hand, the level of knowledge-based economy also can affect on behaviour of factors of production. An important question is whether ...
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Financial corruption affects on economy’s health via different channels which the most important channel is distortions in the allocation of resources. On the other hand, the level of knowledge-based economy also can affect on behaviour of factors of production. An important question is whether the level of knowledge-based economy can affect the relationship between corruption and economic growth? This study investigates the effect of financial corruption on economic growth for 138 countries over the period 2000 - 2011 by using the consolidated corruption perception indicator, the level of knowledge based economy indicator and economic growth and a dynamic panel model which called Generalized method of moments (GMM). The results of classification of countries show that, in the groups with high knowledge-based economy indicator, control of financial corruption has positive impact on economic growth but in the groups with moderate knowledge-based economy indicator, control of corruption, has negative impact on economic growth. Also, the results show that in the first group of countries, stability of corruption control policies has a positive impact on economic growth but in the second group of countries, it has a negative effect.
Reza Najarzadeh; Morteza Ezzati; Mohammad Soleimani
Volume 4, Issue 16 , November 2014, , Pages 104-89
Abstract
The measurement of social capital is a major challenge in the social capital research. For this purpose researchers employ different methods and techniques. One of these methods is the Resource Generator Technique. In this article we use this technique to measure the elite’s social capital living ...
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The measurement of social capital is a major challenge in the social capital research. For this purpose researchers employ different methods and techniques. One of these methods is the Resource Generator Technique. In this article we use this technique to measure the elite’s social capital living in Tehran. The emphasize of this technique is on the measurement of individual access to social resources. The level of social capital (access of every elite to social capital resource) was measured using three indices by distributing questionnaires among Tehran’s elites. The results show that among the elites population, access to social resource among males, married persons, people with masters’ degrees and engineering bachelors is more than others. In order to show one of the Resource Generator Technique benefits, the effect of some variables such as age, gender, education and marriage status on social capital was estimated.
Fathollah Tari; Mohammad Shirijian; Mohsen Mehrara; Hossein Amiri
Volume 3, Issue 10 , June 2013, , Pages 106-93
Abstract
Identifying the factors that contribute to sustained economic growth of countries is the main concerns of economic researchers. The present paper employs a Bayesian econometrics approach based on Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) method to investigate the effect of public and private health expenditure ...
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Identifying the factors that contribute to sustained economic growth of countries is the main concerns of economic researchers. The present paper employs a Bayesian econometrics approach based on Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) method to investigate the effect of public and private health expenditure on economic growth in developing economies. The empirical findings show that public health expenditure positively and private health expenditure negatively affect on the long-term economic growth of developing countries. Also, hospital beds do have a positive important role in explaining long-term economic growth.
Mena Countries Group
Mahboobeh Shakeri; Ahmad Jafari Samimi; Zahra Karimi Moughari
Volume 6, Issue 21 , November 2015, , Pages 106-93
Abstract
The subject of this paper is measuring institutional quality and evaluatingits relationship with per capita economic growth in 20 MENA countries. For estimating growth models, panel data method was used during (2002-2010). For measuring institutional quality at first six indices of good governance have ...
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The subject of this paper is measuring institutional quality and evaluatingits relationship with per capita economic growth in 20 MENA countries. For estimating growth models, panel data method was used during (2002-2010). For measuring institutional quality at first six indices of good governance have been used in six growth models. The results have shown that only regulatory quality have positive and significant relation with economic growth. Whereas the coefficients of other institutional variables including control of corruption and political stability are negative and the others including rule of law, governance effectiveness and voice and accountability are positive but insignificant. Then another model was estimated by using good governance index which was derived from combining six upper indices by using principle component analysis (PCA). The results showed positive relationship but significant at the 0.10 percent level. In the final analysis a new institutional index is derived by combining three institutional variables which had positive coefficient into the one composite index by using PCA. New index has bigger positive coefficient and significant at the 0.01 percent level rather than its sub measures (regulatory quality, voice and accountability, rule of law) and alsothan good governance index.
