رقابت
Farhad kashi; mohsen mehrara; seyedeh vajihe mikaeeli
Abstract
هدف اصلی مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی تأثیر خصوصیسازی و فشار رقابتی بر قدرت بازار در بخش صنعت ایران است. برای تحقق این هدف ضمن استفاده از دادههای دروره زمانی 1381-1397صنایع کارخانهای ...
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هدف اصلی مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی تأثیر خصوصیسازی و فشار رقابتی بر قدرت بازار در بخش صنعت ایران است. برای تحقق این هدف ضمن استفاده از دادههای دروره زمانی 1381-1397صنایع کارخانهای مرکز آمار از رویکرد هال-راجر و روش تخمین پنل دیتا استفاده شد. نتایج تحقیق دلالت بر وجود قدرت انحصاری قابل توجه در بخش صنعت ایران دارد و علاوهبراین تجربه خصوصیسازی در ایران نه تنها موجب افزایش رقابت در بخش صنعت ایران نشده است بلکه بعد از خصوصیسازی، قدرت انحصاری در این بخش افزایش یافته است و به عبارت دیگر در صنایعی همچون تولید مواد و محصولات شیمیایی، دارو و فرآوردهای دارویی و شیمیایی، تولید محصولات کانی غیرفلزی و صنعت تولید فلزات اساسی انحصار خصوصی جایگزین انحصار دولتی شده است. با مقایسه اثر خصوصسازی در صنایع بزرگ و و در کل صنعت مشخص شد که خصوصیسازی در صنایع بزرگ به قدرت انحصاری بیشتری منجر شده است تا در کل بخش صنعت. نتایج همچنین بر قدرت بازار صحه میگذارد به این ترتیب که با افزایش تمرکز بازار، قدرت انحصاری در صنایع ایران افزایش مییابد.
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Akbar Nikkhah Sarnaghi; . .; Saeed Daei Karimzadeh
Abstract
The relationship between economic growth, trade openness of the economy and the quality of the environment in developing countries is one of the most important topics in the economic literature and in recent years has been one of the challenges for countries in terms of economic growth policies and trade ...
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The relationship between economic growth, trade openness of the economy and the quality of the environment in developing countries is one of the most important topics in the economic literature and in recent years has been one of the challenges for countries in terms of economic growth policies and trade expansion. Foreigners have suffered from the degradation and deterioration of the quality of the environment. In this study, this relationship is examined in developing countries, including 27 countries, including Iran during the years 2000 to 2020 using the GMM method. The results of the aggregate test indicate the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between the variables. According to the results of the estimate, the variables of trade openness and carbon dioxide emissions have a positive effect on economic growth. Carbon dioxide has a negative effect on foreign trade. On the other hand, the variables of economic growth and trade openness have a positive and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, appropriate policies to protect the environment, along with policies of economic growth and trade expansion, in addition to economic growth can lead to improved environmental quality...
Economic Growth
Mohammad Taher Ahmadi Shadmehri; Ahmed falih Abd Alhasan Alsaedi
Abstract
Oil is considered to be one of the most important sources of national wealth in the world, and recently, its price has fluctuated a lot, putting dependent oil-exporting countries at risk of economic instability. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the potential asymmetric effects of crude ...
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Oil is considered to be one of the most important sources of national wealth in the world, and recently, its price has fluctuated a lot, putting dependent oil-exporting countries at risk of economic instability. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the potential asymmetric effects of crude oil price fluctuations on real GDP growth in two neighboring Middle Eastern countries (Iran and Iraq). In this study, deviation from the average is considered as crude oil price fluctuations, and to estimate the long-term and short-term asymmetric effects of crude oil price fluctuations on the economic growth of two oil-exporting countries (Iran and Iraq) with two models, one and two, the approach of the autoregressive model with non-linear distribution breaks (NARDL) and the annual data of 1990-2022 were used. Asymmetric analysis provides significant results regarding the difference in economic growth responses to positive and negative crude oil price shocks. In the case of Iran, the response of real GDP to a positive oil shock is larger than to a negative oil shock in the long run. The results showed that although the increase in the price of oil in the short term increases the economic growth of Iran, the increase in the price of oil in the long term reduces the real growth of Iran. In addition, the negative shock of oil in the short and long term will reduce Iran's economic growth.
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yazdan gudarzi farahani; Zoleikha Morsali Arzanagh; Mohsen Mehrara; ebrahim abbasi
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to investigate the effects of uncertainty of economic policies in business cycles on macroeconomic variables. In this study, a stochastic dynamic general equilibrium approach and statistical data for the period 1370-1401 have been used. In this study, based on the analysis ...
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The purpose of this article is to investigate the effects of uncertainty of economic policies in business cycles on macroeconomic variables. In this study, a stochastic dynamic general equilibrium approach and statistical data for the period 1370-1401 have been used. In this study, based on the analysis of the period of boom and recession, the shock from the uncertainty component of economic policy in this period was investigated on macroeconomic variables. The obtained results have shown that during the boom period, the effects of economic policy uncertainty shock on variables such as production, investment, and consumption were less than during the recession period, and during the recession period, the negative effect of this shock on the mentioned variables was more severe. In addition to this, the effect of economic policy uncertainty shock on the variables of inflation rate, interest rate and exchange rate has also been positive during economic boom and recession and has led to an increase in these nominal variables.
behrouz sadeghi Amroabadi; vahid Kafili khajeh
Abstract
In economic literature, the subject of development has been of great importance for a long time. As the smallest social unit, the household is affected by the development indicators, and in turn, its mutations affect the development situation in any society. The purpose of this study is to investigate ...
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In economic literature, the subject of development has been of great importance for a long time. As the smallest social unit, the household is affected by the development indicators, and in turn, its mutations affect the development situation in any society. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causality between the household dimension and economic development. For this purpose, the data of the last three censuses and statistical yearbooks were used to extract the size of the household and construct the development index for each province based on the TOPSIS method. Also, in order to investigate the causality, we used the panel causality test, presented by Emirmahmutoglu and Kose (2011) based on the vector autoregression (VAR) model and the Wald tests with bootstrap critical values specific to each sector. The causality results do not confirm the existence of causality from the household dimension to economic development, but the causality from economic development to the household dimension cannot be rejected. Also, the regression results based on panel data indicate a positive and significant relationship between the development variable and the household dimension.
