Economic Growth
Hossein Asgharpur; Mohammad-Salar Shahryari; Jaafar Haghighat; Saman Hatamerad; mansour heydari
Abstract
One of the important problems in examining economic growth is equating the frequency of variables affecting production, which approach leads to the loss of information on explanatory variables that have a high frequency compared to economic growth. In this study, by using the MIDAS and MIDAS-VAR method, ...
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One of the important problems in examining economic growth is equating the frequency of variables affecting production, which approach leads to the loss of information on explanatory variables that have a high frequency compared to economic growth. In this study, by using the MIDAS and MIDAS-VAR method, the effect of Tehran Stock market performance on the economic growth of Iran during the period of 2011 to 2021 has been investigated for quarterly and monthly data. The results of the estimates indicate the in the first month of the seasons when the number of stock market booms was high, stock returns had a very positive and significant impact on economic growth. This positive effect decreased with the increase in the number of recessions in the third months and in the second month of every quarter when the number of recessions in the stock market was high, and this had a negative effect on economic growth. Also, the empirical findings indicate that the intensity of the influence of stock returns was stronger in periods of recession than in periods of prosperity. Therefore, the most important policy recommendation of the current research is that in order to increase economic growth, it is necessary for economic policy makers to provide the basis for the growth and development of the stock market and increase its efficiency by adopting appropriate policies, and also prevent recession and its prolongation in the stock market.
Economic Growth
Hosein Eivazloo; masoumeh motallebi
Abstract
In this article examines the relationship between justice from the Islamic perspective and economic growth. In the present study seeks to consider the indexes of justice in the stage of distribution before production and distribution after production based on the approach of martyr ayatollah Mohammad ...
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In this article examines the relationship between justice from the Islamic perspective and economic growth. In the present study seeks to consider the indexes of justice in the stage of distribution before production and distribution after production based on the approach of martyr ayatollah Mohammad Baqir sadr and other Islamic economists of justice and has been investigated the relationship between justice and growth in two models. Results of estimating the first model using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) over 1978-2019 reveals that the physical quality of life index as the justice index before production and the Amartya Sen welfare index as the justice index after production leave short-term and long-term positive impacts on the growth of gross domestic product. The results of the second model using the Fully-Modified Ordinary Least Square method over 1978-2019 indicated the Amartya Sen welfare index and economic liberalization as the social justice index had a positive impact on the growth of gross domestic product. Thus, justice must be paid special attention in various stages of production so that it can impact the improvement of growth, and the establishment and maintenance of economic and social justice can play a significant part in the increase of GDP and sustainable development.
s
majid karimirizi; Mohammadhadi Sobhanian; Mohammad Qezelbash
Abstract
During the last decade, the use of Islamic financial bonds in the form of issuing new bonds, converting government's non-debt debts into financial bonds, the clearing of government bond debts from the non-banking sector to the banking network and from the banking network to the central bank has increased. ...
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During the last decade, the use of Islamic financial bonds in the form of issuing new bonds, converting government's non-debt debts into financial bonds, the clearing of government bond debts from the non-banking sector to the banking network and from the banking network to the central bank has increased. Based on this, the present research analyzes the macroeconomic consequences of financing the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran in two ways, the traditional approach (non-securities) and the issuance of Islamic securities through the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model of DSGE on the main economic variables including inflation, investment , employment and economic growth. For this purpose, based on past experimental studies and seasonal data of Iran's economy during the period (1990:1 – 2021:4), simulation has been done and instantaneous reaction functions of macroeconomic variables to debt shocks. Conventional and financial bonds of the government to the central bank, banking network and the non-banking sector should be reviewed. The obtained results show; Financing the government by using debt securities will generally lead to investment growth, prevent the increase in inflation compared to the method of financing through non-debt debt, and create economic growth. Also, the effects of this on employment are assessed as positive in government bond debts to the banking network and to the central bank, and negative in government bond debts to the non-banking sector.
total factor productivity of production؛
samira motaghi
Abstract
The current research aims to investigate the effectiveness of scientific innovation on the productivity of the labor force in Islamic countries with the use of health as a mediating variable with an analytical approach. In this study, data panel and Eviews 13 software were used, which examines and analyzes ...
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The current research aims to investigate the effectiveness of scientific innovation on the productivity of the labor force in Islamic countries with the use of health as a mediating variable with an analytical approach. In this study, data panel and Eviews 13 software were used, which examines and analyzes independent variables on labor productivity during the period of 2010-2022. The variables examined in this research include per capita physical capital, technology, innovation, education, health care expenses, and life expectancy. The variable index of physical and human capital, respectively, is the calculation of net capital formation on the number of employees and the average years of education, which has a positive effect on labor productivity, as well as the index of the number of articles published in scientific and technical journals as a substitute for the variable of innovation and technology export. Advanced, which is a representative for the technology variable, and the index related to health measurement, which life expectancy and health cost per capita is considered as a substitute for the level of health and health, with its improvement, it increases the level of productivity of the labor force. . The results of the research show that all the variables used in the research have a positive and significant effect on the growth of labor productivity in the group of Islamic countries.
Somayeh Azami; Hamid Rahmani; Sohrab Delangizan
Abstract
The empirical test of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis plays an important role in designing a macroeconomic model for sustainable economic development; The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between growth and carbon dioxide emissions, emphasizing the role of renewable ...
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The empirical test of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis plays an important role in designing a macroeconomic model for sustainable economic development; The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between growth and carbon dioxide emissions, emphasizing the role of renewable and fossil energy consumption in developing and developed countries. For this purpose, 26 developed countries and 41 developing countries have been considered in the period of 2000-2021. The results of the Westerland cointegration test (with cross-sectional dependence between countries) in developed countries and the Kao cointegration test (without cross-sectional dependence between countries) in developing countries indicate the existence of a long-term relationship between model variables in both groups of countries. FGLS and PCSE estimators show that in both groups of countries, renewable energy consumption has a positive and significant impact on the quality of the environment, and the absolute value of this impact is greater in developed countries than in developing countries, while this result for Fossil energy is the opposite. The N-shaped growth-pollution relationship is confirmed in both groups of countries. Therefore, it cannot be expected that pollution emissions will decrease in the long term with the increase in production. Therefore, the claim that "economic growth is both the cause and the solution of environmental destruction" is doubtful. This study highlights the importance of promoting green energy in order to achieve sustainable development and combat global warming.
Energy
Elham Nobahar; Neda Sadeghi
Abstract
Energy, as one of the most important factors of production, plays a crucial role in the economic growth of countries, but in today's world, addressing economic growth issues without considering the aspects of sustainable development and intergenerational consequences is impossible. Considering the importance ...
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Energy, as one of the most important factors of production, plays a crucial role in the economic growth of countries, but in today's world, addressing economic growth issues without considering the aspects of sustainable development and intergenerational consequences is impossible. Considering the importance and differences of renewable and non-renewable energies in the sustainable development of countries, the main purpose of this study is to examine the causal relationship between economic growth and the consumption of renewable and non-renewable energies in the D8 and G7 countries. Using two causality approaches, Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) and Konya (2006), this study investigates the relationship between these variables over the period from 2000 to 2022. The findings of this study reveal a unidirectional causality from GDP to renewable energy consumption in the D8 countries. Additionally, no causal relationship is observed between non-renewable energy consumption and GDP in these countries. In other words, in the D8 countries, economic growth is not influenced by energy consumption; however, as economic growth increases, these countries tend to adopt renewable energy sources. On the other hand, in the G7 countries that are more developed, the results indicate a unidirectional causal relationship from the consumption of renewable energy to GDP. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate a unidirectional causality from domestic gross production to non-renewable energy consumption. Hence, in the G7 countries, economic growth is influenced by the consumption of renewable energy and, in turn, impacts the consumption of non-renewable energy.
s
Saleh Taheri Bazkhaneh
Abstract
The impact of inflation uncertainty on the real sector is one of the topics of monetary economics, which leads to important effects at the macroeconomic level. Despite this, there is no consensus on how inflation uncertainty affects output in the field of theoretical and empirical studies. On the other ...
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The impact of inflation uncertainty on the real sector is one of the topics of monetary economics, which leads to important effects at the macroeconomic level. Despite this, there is no consensus on how inflation uncertainty affects output in the field of theoretical and empirical studies. On the other hand, considering the conditions of countries with natural resources rent, this relationship may be challenged. Therefore, the current research tries to provide a new insight in this field by choosing Iran's economy due to the experience of wide inflation fluctuations on the one hand and the special role of oil revenues on its various sectors. For this purposedata from 1989:2 – 2021:2 and continuous wavelet transformation were used to examine the relationship between uncertainty of inflation and output by different groups.The results showed that in the short-run horizon, the gross domestic product and its components have experienced various relationships in terms of intensity, direction and flow of causality with inflation uncertainty. In the medium and long run, the gross domestic product due to oil revenues has an inverse effect on inflation uncertainty. Based on this, it can be said that achieving one of the important goals of monetary policy is dependent on the real sector and specifically oil rent. This problem is rooted in the high concentration of oil in Iran's economy and its direct and indirect influence on liquidity, which reflects the lack of independence of the central bank.
Seyed Ehsan Hosseinidoust; Hamid Sepehrdoost; Farshid Moradi
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of factors affecting capability poverty in the selected Muslim countries known as the D8 group relying on the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method during the period of 1997-2021. Results show the negative and significant effect of ...
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The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of factors affecting capability poverty in the selected Muslim countries known as the D8 group relying on the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method during the period of 1997-2021. Results show the negative and significant effect of globalization on capability poverty in the D8 countries during the covered period, such that for each unit increase in the globalization index, capability poverty decreases by 1.8%, which indicates a relative improvement in the welfare of these countries. Likewise, the impact of economic growth on capability poverty is positive, so that a one percent increases in economic growth leads to an increase in capability poverty by 0.21 percent. Such finding can be due to not utilization of the benefits of growth to improve welfare infrastructure in the mentioned countries. In addition, the effect of control variables such as inflation and geographical distribution of the population has also been evaluated positively on capability poverty. Based on the findings of the current study, it is recommended to adopt inflation control programs and moving towards the promotion of globalization indicators in the economies of the D8 group.
Inflation
Faramarz Tahmasebi
Abstract
Inflation influences the assets’ price and return. In order to maintain the money value, investors are willing to invest in assets which maintain their purchasing power and bring them good returns, when they encounter inflationary conditions. Some assets have this function, including stocks, gold, ...
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Inflation influences the assets’ price and return. In order to maintain the money value, investors are willing to invest in assets which maintain their purchasing power and bring them good returns, when they encounter inflationary conditions. Some assets have this function, including stocks, gold, currency, housing, land, etc. This study aimed to review the effect of inflation on investment in a combination of physical and financial assets. The main research question is how the optimal investment portfolio of the people changes with the change of the inflationary conditions and the escalation of the inflation rate. For this purpose, the optimal combination of assets such as dollar, gold coins, stocks, corporate bonds, housing, bank deposits and land was extracted in different inflationary conditions during the period of 1991-2021 using Markowitz's mean-variance model. The results indicated that assets are moved in the people’s investment portfolio due to the change in the inflationary conditions. Where the inflation rate was lower than its 30-year average, the best investment combination for people were corporate bonds, housing, stocks and bank deposits, respectively. With the escalating inflationary conditions and the inflation rate higher than the 30-year average, the optimal investment portfolio includes corporate bonds, gold coins, stocks and land, respectively. Comparing the composition of assets in the first to fourth quartiles of inflation represented that the corporate bonds, housing, stocks and gold are the first priorities of people's investment.
OPEC
mohsen jafari; marziyeh esfandiari; mosayeb pahlavani
Abstract
The positive role of financial market development in reducing the effect of natural resources curse on the economic growth of countries is determined when the development of the financial sector in a country can allocate the income from natural resources to development and capital projects and in finally, ...
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The positive role of financial market development in reducing the effect of natural resources curse on the economic growth of countries is determined when the development of the financial sector in a country can allocate the income from natural resources to development and capital projects and in finally, lead to economic growth. Therefore, in this study, the effect of oil revenue governance on the economic growth of selected OPEC member countries was investigated, with an emphasis on the development of the banking sector, using the PVAR GMM method. For this purpose, the required data was gathered from the Global Financial Development Database (GFDD), World Development Indicators (WDI), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the database of selected OPEC member countries (Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Venezuela, Nigeria, Algeria, UAE, and Libya) from 2003 to 2022, and STATA software was used to analyze the data. Results showed that the governance indicators of oil revenues and banking sector development indicators have a positive effect on economic growth. Also, oil revenues have had a significant positive effect on economic growth, but with the increase in growth of oil revenues, economic growth has decreased, indicating the existence of a curse of natural resources or Dutch disease in the countries under study. Finally, the indicators of banking sector development strengthen the positive effect of governance indicators of oil revenues on economic growth and thus reduce the negative effects of natural resources curse in mentioned countries.
Energy
Dhulfiqar Hameed Abed Hameed Abed; Yousef Mohammadzadeh; Ali Rezazadeh
Abstract
Energy is one of the most important economic and even political challenges facing societies today. Reducing energy intensity or increasing energy efficiency is therefore a priority for policymakers in major countries. Importantly, with the phenomenon of globalisation, developments in one country spill ...
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Energy is one of the most important economic and even political challenges facing societies today. Reducing energy intensity or increasing energy efficiency is therefore a priority for policymakers in major countries. Importantly, with the phenomenon of globalisation, developments in one country spill over to other countries, which has received more attention in recent studies in this category. Therefore, the present study examines the energy intensity spillover and the factors influencing it, with a focus on the financial development among 35 Asian during the years 2000-2021. This study has used the dynamic spatial panel approach (with two SAR and SDM approaches) for this purpose. The results of this study show that energy intensity is spatially dispersed among neighbouring countries. In addition, financial development has a negative effect on energy intensity, so that countries with higher financial development have been able to reduce their energy intensity. Countries with an open economy were also better able to reduce energy intensity. On the other hand, countries that enjoyed more natural resource rents had significantly higher energy intensities. Controlling corruption in countries can also have a significant impact on reducing energy intensity.
رقابت
Farhad kashi; mohsen mehrara; seyedeh vajihe mikaeeli
Abstract
هدف اصلی مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی تأثیر خصوصیسازی و فشار رقابتی بر قدرت بازار در بخش صنعت ایران است. برای تحقق این هدف ضمن استفاده از دادههای دروره زمانی 1381-1397صنایع کارخانهای ...
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هدف اصلی مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی تأثیر خصوصیسازی و فشار رقابتی بر قدرت بازار در بخش صنعت ایران است. برای تحقق این هدف ضمن استفاده از دادههای دروره زمانی 1381-1397صنایع کارخانهای مرکز آمار از رویکرد هال-راجر و روش تخمین پنل دیتا استفاده شد. نتایج تحقیق دلالت بر وجود قدرت انحصاری قابل توجه در بخش صنعت ایران دارد و علاوهبراین تجربه خصوصیسازی در ایران نه تنها موجب افزایش رقابت در بخش صنعت ایران نشده است بلکه بعد از خصوصیسازی، قدرت انحصاری در این بخش افزایش یافته است و به عبارت دیگر در صنایعی همچون تولید مواد و محصولات شیمیایی، دارو و فرآوردهای دارویی و شیمیایی، تولید محصولات کانی غیرفلزی و صنعت تولید فلزات اساسی انحصار خصوصی جایگزین انحصار دولتی شده است. با مقایسه اثر خصوصسازی در صنایع بزرگ و و در کل صنعت مشخص شد که خصوصیسازی در صنایع بزرگ به قدرت انحصاری بیشتری منجر شده است تا در کل بخش صنعت. نتایج همچنین بر قدرت بازار صحه میگذارد به این ترتیب که با افزایش تمرکز بازار، قدرت انحصاری در صنایع ایران افزایش مییابد.
s
robabeh khilkordi; Nezamuddin makiyan; habib ansarisamani
Abstract
Currency volatility is very important because of its adverse effects on economic performance and especially economic stability. In this regard, the present study investigates the behavior of the most important macroeconomic variables on exchange rate fluctuations in Iran's economy based on seasonal data ...
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Currency volatility is very important because of its adverse effects on economic performance and especially economic stability. In this regard, the present study investigates the behavior of the most important macroeconomic variables on exchange rate fluctuations in Iran's economy based on seasonal data of 1376-1401 with the help of the Auto-explanatory Vector Model Augmented with Time-varying Parameters (TVP-FAVAR). The results of the study of shock-reaction functions of the variables indicate that many exchange rate fluctuations are influenced by the behavior of some of the most important fundamental variables of the economy, including the budget deficit, inflation rate, liquidity and economic policy uncertainty. The more accurate modeling of exchange rate fluctuations and following that, predicting the range of exchange rate fluctuations in future periods requires that the relevant policy makers, while closely monitoring the behavior of the fundamental variables of the economy, adopt stability-creating policies to prevent extensive and unpredictable changes in the behavior of such variables
f
Akbar Nikkhah Sarnaghi; . .; Saeed Daei Karimzadeh
Abstract
The relationship between economic growth, trade openness of the economy and the quality of the environment in developing countries is one of the most important topics in the economic literature and in recent years has been one of the challenges for countries in terms of economic growth policies and trade ...
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The relationship between economic growth, trade openness of the economy and the quality of the environment in developing countries is one of the most important topics in the economic literature and in recent years has been one of the challenges for countries in terms of economic growth policies and trade expansion. Foreigners have suffered from the degradation and deterioration of the quality of the environment. In this study, this relationship is examined in developing countries, including 27 countries, including Iran during the years 2000 to 2020 using the GMM method. The results of the aggregate test indicate the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between the variables. According to the results of the estimate, the variables of trade openness and carbon dioxide emissions have a positive effect on economic growth. Carbon dioxide has a negative effect on foreign trade. On the other hand, the variables of economic growth and trade openness have a positive and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, appropriate policies to protect the environment, along with policies of economic growth and trade expansion, in addition to economic growth can lead to improved environmental quality...
