Quality of Environment
Zahra Nasrollahi; Habib Ansari Samani; Masoume Rouzbahani
Abstract
Sustainable development is a very broad concept, and achieving it, is a guarantee of the sustainable welfare of societies. On the other hand, income distribution affects many of sustainable development indicators. As a result, investigating the relationship between the two is essential. Based on this ...
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Sustainable development is a very broad concept, and achieving it, is a guarantee of the sustainable welfare of societies. On the other hand, income distribution affects many of sustainable development indicators. As a result, investigating the relationship between the two is essential. Based on this importance, the relationship between these two variables was the goal of this study. The Gini coefficient is selected as the independent variable and the composite index of sustainable development (combination of sustainability of human, physical and environmental capital) as the dependent variable of the research. In order to answer the research question, a panel data regression model for the Iran's provinces during 2008-2014 and using FGLS method have been used. The results show that the relationship between income inequality and composite index of sustainable development is negative and significant. The results also show that the effect of GDP growth rate and energy intensity on the dependent variable of the model was positive and negative and statistically significant respectively. While the impact of industry structure and urbanization rate is not statistically significant. Regarding the results of the regression model, we can reduce the inequality in order to attain sustainable development.
Quality of Environment
Majid Ahmadian; Ghahreman Abdoli; Farkhondeh Jebel Ameli; Mahmood Shabankhah; seyed adel khorasani
Volume 7, Issue 27 , July 2017, , Pages 17-28
Abstract
In recent decades environment has been an important issue more than any other time. Hence, this study investigated the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality indicator in selected developing countries (including 32 country) for the period 2002-2013 by using a dynamic panel method ...
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In recent decades environment has been an important issue more than any other time. Hence, this study investigated the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality indicator in selected developing countries (including 32 country) for the period 2002-2013 by using a dynamic panel method based on generalized method of moments (GMM). The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between economics growth and degradation of environment (environmental quality degradation), which means that an increase in environment degradation indicator increased the economic growth. This case is because of the rate of resource depletion begins to exceed the rate of resource regeneration and Pollution Haven Hypothesis in the studied countries. The results of Sargen and Arellano-bond autocorrelation test also respectively show, there is correlation between tools and component disruption and model does not have autocorrelation in the first order difference. Meanwhile results of Toda and Yamamoto Causality test show the existence of unilateral relationship from the Environment Degradation indicator to Economic Growth.
Quality of Environment
Rouhollah Nazari; Mohamad Hosein Mahdavi Adeli; Yadollah Dadgar
Volume 6, Issue 21 , November 2015, , Pages 60-47
Abstract
In the world movement toward sustainable development, it is necessary to consider environmental damages caused by energy sector. Determining the influence of different factors on the environment pollution theoretically, practically and politically is necessary for economic growth, which is in accordance ...
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In the world movement toward sustainable development, it is necessary to consider environmental damages caused by energy sector. Determining the influence of different factors on the environment pollution theoretically, practically and politically is necessary for economic growth, which is in accordance with sustainable development objectives. Hence, in this article, we are going to study the factors influenced Iranian environment pollution (Socio-economic view and Climatic Parameters view) using the data of the years 1974-2013. In order to study the relation between the variables, we have used GMM methodology. According to the study results, the impact of economic growth, density, energy consumption and the number of automobiles on environment pollution is positive and significant. Nevertheless, the degree of the country openness, temperature and rainfall have a negative and significant relation with environment pollution.
Quality of Environment
Yeganeh Mousavi Jahromi
Volume 6, Issue 21 , November 2015, , Pages 119-107
Abstract
In the VAT Acts in order to control gasoline consumption as one of the environment- polluting and also to earn revenue resources for environment protection, higher tax rate than the standard rate is levied on its consumption. In this paper, forecasting income receivable from the tax base using the two-stage ...
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In the VAT Acts in order to control gasoline consumption as one of the environment- polluting and also to earn revenue resources for environment protection, higher tax rate than the standard rate is levied on its consumption. In this paper, forecasting income receivable from the tax base using the two-stage approach has been considered. In the first stage, tax base (gasoline consumption expenditure) has been forecasted in the period 2013 to 2016 and then gasoline consumption tax, using multiplying the tax rates in gasoline consumption expenditure predicted, has been calculated for the mentioned period. In this regard, for precise prediction of the tax revenue, supervised neural networks method and for networks training, error back-propagation algorithm are used. The results indicate that during the mentioned period gasoline price changes (as the most effective variable) arising from VAT will have no serious impact on gasoline consumption. Also, VAT revenue of gasoline consumption will increase by an average annual rate of 35 %.
Co2 Emissions
Mohammad Hassan Fotros
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2012, , Pages 77-59
Abstract
This research investigates the existence of relationships between economic growth and carbon emissions in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) for the period of 1960 to 2005. A model relating economic growth and carbon emissions is used to examine the eventual existence of Environmental ...
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This research investigates the existence of relationships between economic growth and carbon emissions in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) for the period of 1960 to 2005. A model relating economic growth and carbon emissions is used to examine the eventual existence of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. To test our hpothesis, the econometric panel data approach is employed. The results indicate that there is a positive relationship between gross domestic product and CO2 emissions. And, with persistence of economic growth this relationship becomes negative. That is, the estimation has given an EKC relationship between GDP and CO2 emissions in these countrries.
