OPEC
mohsen jafari; marziyeh esfandiari; mosayeb pahlavani
Abstract
The positive role of financial market development in reducing the effect of natural resources curse on the economic growth of countries is determined when the development of the financial sector in a country can allocate the income from natural resources to development and capital projects and in finally, ...
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The positive role of financial market development in reducing the effect of natural resources curse on the economic growth of countries is determined when the development of the financial sector in a country can allocate the income from natural resources to development and capital projects and in finally, lead to economic growth. Therefore, in this study, the effect of oil revenue governance on the economic growth of selected OPEC member countries was investigated, with an emphasis on the development of the banking sector, using the PVAR GMM method. For this purpose, the required data was gathered from the Global Financial Development Database (GFDD), World Development Indicators (WDI), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the database of selected OPEC member countries (Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Venezuela, Nigeria, Algeria, UAE, and Libya) from 2003 to 2022, and STATA software was used to analyze the data. Results showed that the governance indicators of oil revenues and banking sector development indicators have a positive effect on economic growth. Also, oil revenues have had a significant positive effect on economic growth, but with the increase in growth of oil revenues, economic growth has decreased, indicating the existence of a curse of natural resources or Dutch disease in the countries under study. Finally, the indicators of banking sector development strengthen the positive effect of governance indicators of oil revenues on economic growth and thus reduce the negative effects of natural resources curse in mentioned countries.
Seyed Ehsan Hosseinidoust; Hamid Sepehrdoost; Farshid Moradi
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of factors affecting capability poverty in the selected Muslim countries known as the D8 group relying on the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method during the period of 1997-2021. Results show the negative and significant effect of ...
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The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of factors affecting capability poverty in the selected Muslim countries known as the D8 group relying on the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method during the period of 1997-2021. Results show the negative and significant effect of globalization on capability poverty in the D8 countries during the covered period, such that for each unit increase in the globalization index, capability poverty decreases by 1.8%, which indicates a relative improvement in the welfare of these countries. Likewise, the impact of economic growth on capability poverty is positive, so that a one percent increases in economic growth leads to an increase in capability poverty by 0.21 percent. Such finding can be due to not utilization of the benefits of growth to improve welfare infrastructure in the mentioned countries. In addition, the effect of control variables such as inflation and geographical distribution of the population has also been evaluated positively on capability poverty. Based on the findings of the current study, it is recommended to adopt inflation control programs and moving towards the promotion of globalization indicators in the economies of the D8 group.
Economic Growth
Hosein Eivazloo; masoumeh motallebi
Abstract
In this article examines the relationship between justice from the Islamic perspective and economic growth. In the present study seeks to consider the indexes of justice in the stage of distribution before production and distribution after production based on the approach of martyr ayatollah Mohammad ...
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In this article examines the relationship between justice from the Islamic perspective and economic growth. In the present study seeks to consider the indexes of justice in the stage of distribution before production and distribution after production based on the approach of martyr ayatollah Mohammad Baqir sadr and other Islamic economists of justice and has been investigated the relationship between justice and growth in two models. Results of estimating the first model using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) over 1978-2019 reveals that the physical quality of life index as the justice index before production and the Amartya Sen welfare index as the justice index after production leave short-term and long-term positive impacts on the growth of gross domestic product. The results of the second model using the Fully-Modified Ordinary Least Square method over 1978-2019 indicated the Amartya Sen welfare index and economic liberalization as the social justice index had a positive impact on the growth of gross domestic product. Thus, justice must be paid special attention in various stages of production so that it can impact the improvement of growth, and the establishment and maintenance of economic and social justice can play a significant part in the increase of GDP and sustainable development.
Energy
Elham Nobahar; Neda Sadeghi
Abstract
Energy, as one of the most important factors of production, plays a crucial role in the economic growth of countries, but in today's world, addressing economic growth issues without considering the aspects of sustainable development and intergenerational consequences is impossible. Considering the importance ...
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Energy, as one of the most important factors of production, plays a crucial role in the economic growth of countries, but in today's world, addressing economic growth issues without considering the aspects of sustainable development and intergenerational consequences is impossible. Considering the importance and differences of renewable and non-renewable energies in the sustainable development of countries, the main purpose of this study is to examine the causal relationship between economic growth and the consumption of renewable and non-renewable energies in the D8 and G7 countries. Using two causality approaches, Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) and Konya (2006), this study investigates the relationship between these variables over the period from 2000 to 2022. The findings of this study reveal a unidirectional causality from GDP to renewable energy consumption in the D8 countries. Additionally, no causal relationship is observed between non-renewable energy consumption and GDP in these countries. In other words, in the D8 countries, economic growth is not influenced by energy consumption; however, as economic growth increases, these countries tend to adopt renewable energy sources. On the other hand, in the G7 countries that are more developed, the results indicate a unidirectional causal relationship from the consumption of renewable energy to GDP. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate a unidirectional causality from domestic gross production to non-renewable energy consumption. Hence, in the G7 countries, economic growth is influenced by the consumption of renewable energy and, in turn, impacts the consumption of non-renewable energy.
Mohammadreza Lali; Saeed Daei-Karimzadeh; Farzad Karimi
Abstract
Recent studies on complex networks in international trade show the number of partners; trade intensity, indirect trade connections and the central position of each partner in the trade network have significant effects on economic growth. The network analysis approach in investigating the effect of trade ...
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Recent studies on complex networks in international trade show the number of partners; trade intensity, indirect trade connections and the central position of each partner in the trade network have significant effects on economic growth. The network analysis approach in investigating the effect of trade on economic growth, unlike conventional methods, can identify and measure indirect trade relations (intermediary countries in trade) in international interactions. This research aims to investigate world trade centrality indicators’ effects on economic growth using panel data of 42 chosen countries of Asia and CIS, in two steps. At first, the weighted directional matrices of trade was made and then the centrality indices of the countries were calculated for the selected years according to a complex network approach. Then the effect of the aforementioned indices as an explanatory variable of trade on economic growth has been investigated, and these were compared with the effect of the trade openness index.The results of the research show that compared to the conventional indicator of the trade openness index, the centrality indicators of the world trade network show a better explanation of economic growth while having more effect. Among these, the closeness centrality (due to having a core role in the network and the entanglement of trade relations) and the eigenvector centrality (due to establishing relationships with countries that are connected with important partners in the network) have more effects on economic growth.
s
Ali Rezazadeh; Ali Moridianali; Fatemeh Havasbeigi,
Abstract
One of the most important lessons of the global financial crisis in 2008 was the importance of maintaining financial stability and systematic risk containment. At the same time, most developing economies are seeking to increase the inclusiveness of their financial systems. Financial inclusion is critical ...
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One of the most important lessons of the global financial crisis in 2008 was the importance of maintaining financial stability and systematic risk containment. At the same time, most developing economies are seeking to increase the inclusiveness of their financial systems. Financial inclusion is critical to inclusive growth and provides policy solutions to remove barriers that exclude people from financial markets. In this regard, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of financial inclusion and the size of the shadow economy on the economic growth in MENA countries during the period of 2008-2018. The results of spatial panel model estimation show that financial inclusion has a positive and significant effect on economic growth. This means that financial inclusion is an effective tool in strengthening rapid economic growth. The positive relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth shows that increasing banking penetration, availability of banking centers and geographic penetration can strengthen economic growth in the long run. Also, in the studied economies, the size of the shadow economy has a significant negative effect on economic growth, and this shows that the shadow economy is an obstacle to economic development.
Co2 Emissions
Yousef Mehnatfar; Fariba Osmani; Mehdi Cheshomi; Leila Argha
Abstract
In recent decades, economic growth along with environmental protection is important issue facing most economic societies. On the other hand, with the increase of new technologies and the trade openness, the effect of changing new and extensive structures on the environment has become very important. ...
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In recent decades, economic growth along with environmental protection is important issue facing most economic societies. On the other hand, with the increase of new technologies and the trade openness, the effect of changing new and extensive structures on the environment has become very important. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of economic complexity and trade openness on the ecological footprint (as an indicator of environmental degradation). For this purpose, the data of 18 developing countries in Asia during the study period from 1990 to 2021 have been used with the Panel-Quantile approach. In addition, the variables of GDP per capita, globalization and financial development were considered as control variables. The results of this study show that the increase in economic complexity in different quantiles reports different results, so that with a one percent increase in economic complexity in the 10th quantile, the ecological footprint has decreased by more than one percent, but an increase in economic complexity in the 50th quantile has caused the deterioration of the quality of the environment. The results show that the increase in trade in all quantiles has helped to improve the environment. Moreover, with increasing globalization and financial development, the ecological footprint has increased in all quantiles. In addition, the results of this study indicate that the increase in per capita income has reported different results in different quantiles. The results of this study provide important policy implications for environmental improvement in developing countries in Asia.
Economic Growth
Sahar Nasrnejad Nesheli; Mani Motameni; Mohamad Abdi Seyed Kolaei
Abstract
Economic complexity is one of the criteria for measuring the knowledge-based economy of a country. Several studies have shown that improving the economic complexity index leads to sustainable economic growth and improved welfare. Therefore, policy makers tend to place the development and progress of ...
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Economic complexity is one of the criteria for measuring the knowledge-based economy of a country. Several studies have shown that improving the economic complexity index leads to sustainable economic growth and improved welfare. Therefore, policy makers tend to place the development and progress of the country in the path of knowledge-based economy and production of complex products. But the channel of influence of complexity on the economy of a country is questionable. Identifying this channel can lead to the focus of development policies. The hypothesis investigated in this research is the effectiveness of economic complexity on the field of factory activities. In the literature review, it was found that the relationship between these two variables is not predetermined. To test the hypothesis, a statistical sample including 46 countries has been selected for a period of 31 years ending in 2020. The PMG model has been used for data processing. The result of the estimation of the model shows that the increase in the added value of factory industries is one of the consequences of the improvement of economic complexity. This finding can help to set development policies.
Co2 Emissions
Mehdi Fathabadi
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a serious threat to the sustainable development of Middle East countries, especially Iran. Therefore, in this article was analyzed the decoupling relationship between CO2 emissions energy-related and economic growth in 6 Middle East countries in period 1990-2019. First, CO2 ...
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Environmental pollution is a serious threat to the sustainable development of Middle East countries, especially Iran. Therefore, in this article was analyzed the decoupling relationship between CO2 emissions energy-related and economic growth in 6 Middle East countries in period 1990-2019. First, CO2 emissions driving mechanisms were quantified using Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method, and then decomposed into factors of CO2 emission coefficient, energy intensity, economic activity and population. The decoupling state findings using the Tapio model show that population and economic activities factors were main drivers of CO2 emissions in these countries. The results of decoupling elasticity showed that Iran was in a weak decoupling state in period of 1990-1999 and 2015-2019; It means the simultaneous increase of economic growth and carbon emissions, of course, by faster economic growth; Iran had also an expansive coupling state in period of 2000-2014, which indicates that CO2 emissions increase along economic growth. The UAE and Saudi Arabia have reached an ideal situation in recent years. These countries have moved from a negative decoupling and expansive coupling state to a strong decoupling state, where economic growth has been accompanied by a reduction in carbon emissions. The Kuwait and Turkey have been in weak decoupling and negative expansive decoupling states in the last 3 decades, in which economic growth was accompanied by an increase in carbon emissions. At the beginning, the Egypt has changed to a weak decoupling state and then moved to an expansive negative decoupling state.
Human Capital
Ali Younessi
Abstract
Financial decentralization is a multi-dimensional process in which some powers are transferred from the central government to the governors, and the most important thing is, the return of all the revenues of each province to the same province. One of the effects of financial decentralization is economic ...
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Financial decentralization is a multi-dimensional process in which some powers are transferred from the central government to the governors, and the most important thing is, the return of all the revenues of each province to the same province. One of the effects of financial decentralization is economic growth. Economic growth is measured through the difference in GDP. Economic growth in any country shows the economic and productive performance of each province, and the increase in the production of each province leads to the economic growth of the entire country. This study was conducted in order to investigate the relationship between economic growth and financial decentralization in the provinces of Iran, in which three cities and towns were selected as samples from each province. The technique used in this research is panel data. In this method, the data have time series and cross-sectional characteristics, consist of several dimensions and cover several periods. The time period of the research is 2018 to 2021. The equations related to the independent and dependent variables of this research are taken from the research model of Suyanto (2009), Langudi (2006) and Khosini (2006). The results of the research show that the increase in financial decentralization and the return of revenues from each province to the same province and even grants from the central government have a significant positive effect on economic growth. In addition, the research model shows that financial decentralization can improve public spending, reduce the population of low-income people, and ultimately improve the human capital index of provinces.
Emambakhsh Eidouzahi; Mohammad Mohebbi; Seyed Yaghoob Zeraatkish
Abstract
Today, one of the most important economic goals of the countries of the world is to create the necessary grounds for economic growth and development, and the business environment is one of the main strategies to achieve this. The business environment is a political, institutional and behavioral environment ...
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Today, one of the most important economic goals of the countries of the world is to create the necessary grounds for economic growth and development, and the business environment is one of the main strategies to achieve this. The business environment is a political, institutional and behavioral environment that affects the efficiency and risks associated with economic activities and investments. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study of factors affecting the economic growth of Group D8.In the current study, the causative link among gross domestic product (GDP) annual growth rate (GDPr), corruption perceptions index (CPI), foreign direct investments (FDI) and ease of doing business index (DB) was empirically tested from 2005 to 2020 by using a panel data of D-8 Group comprise of 8 country include Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkey. The PMG panel ARDL, heterogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence, used to investigate the long and short-term dynamic relationships. Findings from the Pesaran-Yamagata homogeneity test, Pesaran CD test, CIPS and ADF Fisher Chi-square (ADF Fisher) panel unit root tests and Kao panel cointegration test, indicated the panel time series data has heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence, analyzed variables are stationary and cointegrated respectively. According to the panel ARDL estimation, the error-correction model coefficient (ECM) is negative and statistically significant for all examined countries. The value coefficient of error term, indicate that the most of deviation of long-term equilibrium, corrected in the first year. The panel causality analysis results confirm, the bidirectional causality between GDPr and FDI; GDPr and DB; CPI and DB. In addition, the unilateral causality relationship found between CPI and GDPr, DB and FDI.
Rima Mohammad Moradi; Seyed Kamal Sadeghi; Mehrdad Khan Maku
Abstract
The interaction effect between financial development, air pollution and economic growth is on of the main issues in the macroeconomics literature and has been considered empirically from the view of economics researcher. Moreover, importance of renewable energy in economic growth, reducing environmental ...
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The interaction effect between financial development, air pollution and economic growth is on of the main issues in the macroeconomics literature and has been considered empirically from the view of economics researcher. Moreover, importance of renewable energy in economic growth, reducing environmental pollution and the role of financial resources on renewable energy projects express the importance of financial development in the development of renewable energy. This paper examines the nexus between clean energy consumption, financial development and economic growth in a group of MENA countries during 1995-2018. For this purpose, the (GMM) method has been utilized for model estimation. The results show that increasing clean energy, carbon dioxide emissions and increasing foreign direct investment have boosted economic growth in the countries studied. Also, despite the positive impact of financial development on clean energy consumption, it has not been able to reduce pollution. In order to expand investment in renewable energy, projects related to this sector should have been easier and more accessible to large and basic investors. Proper financial structure can lead to an increase in the volume of investment and at the same time reduce costs. On the other hand, it should be noted that targeting for projects can play a facilitating role and lead to investment maturity. Access to effective and appropriate tools to reduce risk for private sector investment and the use of tools such as guaranteed purchase, standardized portfolio of renewable energy, quota policies and low-cost lending for renewable energy projects will be able to meet the challenges overcome existing problems and reduce project risks to a great extent.
Seyed Jalal Alavi; Mohammad Mahdi lotfi heravi; Marzieh Asaadi
Abstract
One of the most important issues in macroeconomic management is the analysis of factors affecting economic growth. This research has measured the effect of financial development on Iran's economic growth and test Patrick's hypothesis in the period of 1978-2019. Main research questions include; 1) What ...
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One of the most important issues in macroeconomic management is the analysis of factors affecting economic growth. This research has measured the effect of financial development on Iran's economic growth and test Patrick's hypothesis in the period of 1978-2019. Main research questions include; 1) What variables are effective in Iran's financial development index, together with their weighting factor, and does financial development in Iran bank-oriented or stock market-oriented? 2) What is the short-term and long-term effect of the financial development index on Iran's economic growth and the speed of adjustment to the long-term relationship? 3) Is the causal relationship between Iran's financial development and economic growth demand-oriented or supply-oriented? Firstly, comprehensive financial development index was created by using four variables, including the volume of liquidity, bank credits allocated to the private sector, the value of capital market transactions, and the volume of bank deposits using the Factor Analysis Method. Then the short-term and long-term relationship was calculated using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, followed by employing the Granger Causality Test to examine Patrick's hypothesis for the cause-and-effect relationship between financial development and economic growth in Iran. Finally, using the Error Correction Model, the speed of adjustment from the short-run equilibrium to the long-run equilibrium state was evaluated. The results show that the financial development index has a positive relationship with economic growth in the short and long term. Patrick's hypothesis test also confirms only the demand-driven management view which confirms causality from economic growth to financial development.
Hasti Bagheri; Asghar Abolhassani Hastiani; Yeganeh Mousavi Jahromi; Kamran Mani
Abstract
Today, taxes play an important role in the economic growth and development of countries by maintaining the existence of the government and financing social programs and infrastructure investment. Also, taxation helps to allocate resources, redistribute income and correct negative externalities as well ...
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Today, taxes play an important role in the economic growth and development of countries by maintaining the existence of the government and financing social programs and infrastructure investment. Also, taxation helps to allocate resources, redistribute income and correct negative externalities as well as support domestic industries. Therefore, tax evasion reduces the role of tax effectiveness in the mentioned cases. The relevance of the subject of the study is evident from the fact that every year an important part of financial income is lost through the activities of financial planning, financial evasion and tax evasion carried out by the private sector. The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between tax evasion and economic growth during the period of 2011-2020 Iran. For this purpose, seasonal data from Denton's method and estimated tax evasion data have been used. In this study, in the form of a three-part model, the effect of extra-fiscal on economic growth has been investigated using vector autoregression model with distributional lag (ARDL). The results show that in the short term, in the economic growth model, the coefficient of tax evasion, employment rate, foreign investment and oil income variables are negative. However, in the long run, the impact of tax evasion, employment rate, oil revenue and average tax burden on economic growth are positive. Despite the fact that the coefficient of foreign investment in the long run is not significant.
javad arbab; seyed reza hoseini
Abstract
The focus of the development policies of the capitalist economy on axial growth has seriously influenced the various approaches of spiritualism; Apart from the initial motivations for controlling the dangers of violent desires in promoting capitalist thought, the spread of emerging spiritualities, as ...
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The focus of the development policies of the capitalist economy on axial growth has seriously influenced the various approaches of spiritualism; Apart from the initial motivations for controlling the dangers of violent desires in promoting capitalist thought, the spread of emerging spiritualities, as well as the ever-increasing changes in the conceptual structure of spirituality, provided a good platform for turning spirituality an important tool for capitalist goals. Among these, the nature and manner of the interrelationships between spirituality and economic growth, as well as how they affect each other, are essential elements for understanding and analyzing the capitalist economy. In this article, by examining and analyzing the documents related to spiritualist approaches in the capitalist literature, the relations between them as well as the effect of spirituality and economic growth were explained. Accordingly, it became clear that growth-oriented policies in the capitalist literature, on the one hand, by abusing the personalized concepts of spirituality, provide the necessary basis for the commodification of spiritual elements and pursue human spiritual excellence through profit-oriented path. The pursuit of ostentatious consumption and the use of wealth to demonstrate power and superiority over the lower classes has turned capital not as a means of promoting social spirituality but as a means of domination. The results show that each of the elements of spirituality and growth independently exert significant effects on each other
mina saber; reza zeinalzadeh; Seyd Abdolmajid Jalaee Esfanadadi; mohsen Zayanderoody
Abstract
The impacts of shocks generated by macroeconomic growth scenarios (2 percent, 5 percent, and 10%) on the overall welfare index in Iran were explored in this study. The essential data were gathered from the social accounting matrix of 2011, the Central Bank, and the data-output table of 2016, and the ...
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The impacts of shocks generated by macroeconomic growth scenarios (2 percent, 5 percent, and 10%) on the overall welfare index in Iran were explored in this study. The essential data were gathered from the social accounting matrix of 2011, the Central Bank, and the data-output table of 2016, and the new recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium (RDCGE) model was employed for data analysis.The findings revealed that real GDP shocks of up to 2.66 percent result in an increase in Iran's social welfare index. Because growing real GDP through boosting economic capacity raises individual income in society and creates the circumstances for household well-being to improve. Furthermore, productivity shocks of total inputs of production of up to 1.55 percent raise the social welfare index. Because improving total factor productivity has resulted in a rise in output, which has a direct influence on household consumption owing to greater income and promotes economic well-being. Furthermore, the short-term reaction of the social welfare index to oil income shocks is a maximum of 0.81 percent. Because, on the one hand, more oil revenues contribute to increased economic growth, but on the other hand, they lead to the establishment of the Dutch illness. Finally, the data revealed that among the factors analysed, shock due to real GDP growth, shock due to total productivity growth, and shock due to oil revenue increase had the greatest influence on total wellfare.
Reza Ghaderi Moghaddam; Bijan Baseri; Nemat Falihi; Gholamreza Abbasi
Abstract
Energy plays a vital role in production and consumption of variouse activities. In Iran energy affect economic growth as an important input along with other production inputs and increase value added of industrial activities and services in nationalwide. In this study, we will test the asymmetric analysis ...
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Energy plays a vital role in production and consumption of variouse activities. In Iran energy affect economic growth as an important input along with other production inputs and increase value added of industrial activities and services in nationalwide. In this study, we will test the asymmetric analysis of the effect of energy consumption on economic growth with emphasis on financial development using the ARDL method. Based on a nonlinear and asymmetric relationship between energy consumption, financial development and economic growth, we found the nonlinear relationship of variables examine the period 1981-2020. So two different indicators were used for the examination of financial development variable (domestic credit to private sector to GDP and private sector liquidity to GDP).The results show an asymmetries relationship between economic growth, energy consumption and financial development.In the long run and short run, the positive shock of energy consumption and financial development has slowed down economic growth. Positive energy consumption shockleads to producers' efforts to reduce energy consumption and reduce economic growth in the short run. Also, any positive shock to financial development reduces economic growth in Iran. This reduces consumption and access to finance, and ultimately reduces investment activities.
Roozbeh Balounejad Nouri
Abstract
In this study, the effect of bank credit allocation between different economic sectors on the economic growth of Iranian provinces was investigated. For this purpose, the provincial data for the period 2015-2020 based on the maximum available data and the method of estimating quantile regression in panel ...
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In this study, the effect of bank credit allocation between different economic sectors on the economic growth of Iranian provinces was investigated. For this purpose, the provincial data for the period 2015-2020 based on the maximum available data and the method of estimating quantile regression in panel data were used. In this regard, the results showed that in the initial quantile (0.05) the amount of credits to the agriculture, business, industry and services sector had a positive effect on growth and also credits to the housing sector had a negative effect on the economic growth of the provinces. In the middle quantile (0.5), lending to the agricultural and business sectors has had a positive effect, and lending to the housing and services sector has had a negative effect, as well as the effect of the industry sector on economic growth. Finally, in the upper quantile (0.95) Credits to the agricultural and business sectors have a positive and significant effect, and credits to the industrial sector have a negative effect, as well as the effect of credits in the housing and services sector had no significant effect on provincial economic growth. This indicates the need to redefine credit policies and prevent the diversion of these resources. Regarding the effect of capital, the results showed that the effect of human capital and physical capital on the economic growth of the provinces is positive and significant, and regarding the effect of physical capital in high quantile, this effect is more. Finally, the results on the effect of inflation on economic growth showed that low inflation rates have led to economic growth, but in the middle (0.5) and upper quantile this effect is negative and has intensified with increasing inflation; in fact, the effect of inflation on economic growth in Iran has an asymmetric effect.
Hossein Heidari
Abstract
In this study, the relationship between economic growth and income inequality in Hormozgan province was investigated in the form of economic development programs. For this purpose, to investigate inequality and poverty at the level of the country and Hormozgan province, the detailed data of the income-expenditure ...
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In this study, the relationship between economic growth and income inequality in Hormozgan province was investigated in the form of economic development programs. For this purpose, to investigate inequality and poverty at the level of the country and Hormozgan province, the detailed data of the income-expenditure plan of Iran Statistics Center, the non-parametric Gini coefficient index and the poverty gap rate were used. Also, in order to compare inequality and poverty between urban and rural areas of Hormozgan province and urban and rural areas of the whole country with Hormozgan province, 6 variance analysis models were used. The results showed that there is a significant difference between inequality and poverty in urban areas and rural areas of Hormozgan province, and inequality and poverty in urban areas of Hormozgan province are 0.014 and 0.037 units lower than rural areas, respectively. Also, there is a significant difference between inequality and poverty in the urban areas of Hormozgan province and urban areas of the country, and inequality and poverty in the urban areas of Hormozgan province are 0.049 units less and 0.045 units more than the urban areas of the country, respectively. In addition, there is a significant difference between inequality and poverty in rural areas of Hormozgan province and areas of the country, and inequality and poverty in rural areas of Hormozgan province are 0.031 less and 0.068 units higher than rural areas of the country, respectively
mahdiye ramedoust; rooya Alomran; Hossein Panahian; Hossein Asgharpour
Abstract
Controlling inflation and economic growth is one of the most important economic goals that governments seek to achieve through tools such as monetary policy. To achieve their policy goals, monetary policymakers need to have a careful assessment of the effectiveness of monetary policy in the short and ...
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Controlling inflation and economic growth is one of the most important economic goals that governments seek to achieve through tools such as monetary policy. To achieve their policy goals, monetary policymakers need to have a careful assessment of the effectiveness of monetary policy in the short and long term. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of asymmetric shocks of monetary policy on inflation and real output variables in the period 1994:1-2016: 4 using the NARDL technique. The results of the study showed that only positive liquidity shock has a positive and significant effect on GDP and its negative shock has no significant effect on GDP in the long run. Also, according to the results, in the short run, positive and negative liquidity shocks do not have a significant effect on production, but short-term positive liquidity shocks after a break have a positive effect on GDP. Accordingly, the asymmetric effects of positive and negative monetary policies on economic growth are accepted.
Mosab Abdollahi Arani; Nasrin Mansouri; siavoshe jani; Nooshin Aghyee
Abstract
In recent decades, the risks and environmental damage caused by economic growth, population growth and energy consumption have become more apparent. Meanwhile, one of the new advances in the study of the relationship between economic factors affecting environmental quality is the attention to the spatial ...
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In recent decades, the risks and environmental damage caused by economic growth, population growth and energy consumption have become more apparent. Meanwhile, one of the new advances in the study of the relationship between economic factors affecting environmental quality is the attention to the spatial nature of environmental phenomena. Therefore, the aim of this study was to model the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and economic growth along with other influential factors. CO2 emissions as a criterion for environmental pollution in Iran have been studied using the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) and in the framework of spatial panel data among the provinces of Iran during the period 2003-2017. The results of this study show that in total, real GDP per capita increases CO2 emissions at the provincial level, because the positive real GDP per capita coefficient is larger than the negative real GDP per capita coefficient of space. Another very important variable in increasing CO2 emissions in the provinces is the intensity of energy consumption and its spatial interruption, which has the highest significant and positive coefficients in the model of this paper. Also, the weighted price of provincial energy and its space interruption have had a significant and negative effect on CO2 emissions. Although increasing the degree of urbanization has not had a significant effect on CO2 emissions in the same province, but increasing the degree of urbanization in neighboring provinces has increased CO2 emissions. Finally, the spatial interruption coefficient of the dependent variable is significant and positive, which shows that the increase in CO2 emissions in neighboring provinces has increased CO2 emissions in the same province.
Leila Sefidbari; Ali Davari; kamal Sakhdari; Yeganeh Mousavi Jahromi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationships between entrepreneurship development, economic growth and unemployment by Vector Auto Regression (VAR) and to investigate the effects of shocks on these variables in Iran. For this purpose, seasonal time series data 2006-2016 and Global ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationships between entrepreneurship development, economic growth and unemployment by Vector Auto Regression (VAR) and to investigate the effects of shocks on these variables in Iran. For this purpose, seasonal time series data 2006-2016 and Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) and Central Bank of Iran (CBI) were used. The findings of Granger-causality test show that a bilateral causality between economic growth and unemployment and a unidirectional causality from economic growth to entrepreneurship index were confirmed and there was no causality relation between entrepreneurship and unemployment in spite of correlation among them but, a third variable, GDP, is the cause of changes in both variables. According to analysis of impulse-response functions, only the shocks caused by entrepreneurship index are enduring in the model. Also, according to the result of variance decomposition, among three variables, the largest share in entrepreneurship changes is related to the entrepreneurship index itself. Therefore, it can be stated that only entrepreneurship policies can improve the component of entrepreneurship index.
Akbar Nikkhah Sarnaghi; Karim Azarbaiejani; saeed Daei-Karimzadeh
Abstract
The quality of the environment and its protection is one of the important issues in the field of management of countries. Therefore, all countries, along with growth and development policies, try to prevent environmental degradation by enacting laws and regulations in the national sphere and also by ...
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The quality of the environment and its protection is one of the important issues in the field of management of countries. Therefore, all countries, along with growth and development policies, try to prevent environmental degradation by enacting laws and regulations in the national sphere and also by creating international agreements. In the meantime, in order to adopt appropriate policies in the field of economic growth and environmental quality, conducting more detailed studies can help policy makers in this regard. The purpose of this study is to investigate the interrelationships of three important variables of economic growth, degree of trade openness and carbon dioxide emissions in the group of developed countries. For this purpose, the annual data of 29 developed countries for the period 2017-2000 from the World Bank website have been used. The econometric approach used in this work is to estimate the relationships of these variables using dynamic panel data using the GMM method. The estimation results show that by increasing the degree of commercial openness and carbon dioxide emissions, economic growth is enhanced. Venice Economic growth also has a positive effect on the volume of foreign trade, but carbon dioxide emissions limit it. On the other hand, economic growth leads to increased carbon dioxide emissions and the growth of foreign trade reduces the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions.
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amir ali farhang; Ali Younessi; Vahid Nikpey Pesyan; Amaneh lotfi
Abstract
One of the most important topics discussed in countries, especially in developing countries, is economic growth. Entrepreneurship can be one of the effective factors in increasing the rate of economic growth. Because entrepreneurs can provide the necessary resources for the growth and development of ...
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One of the most important topics discussed in countries, especially in developing countries, is economic growth. Entrepreneurship can be one of the effective factors in increasing the rate of economic growth. Because entrepreneurs can provide the necessary resources for the growth and development of production and human resources, create employment and new business and expand the range of products and services with industrial innovation. Therefore, in the current difficult situation, the need to address the entrepreneurship category and its effects on improving the performance of macroeconomic variables, especially in less developed provinces, is felt more than ever. Therefore, the current research aims to analyze the spatial effects of the spillover effect of the entrepreneurship index on economic growth in the provinces of Iran from 2013 through 2020. The results of this study, in the framework of spatial composite data and based on the estimation of a space Durbin, showed that the logarithm of the entrepreneurship index and its proximity effects have a positive effect on economic growth in the provinces of Iran. From other research results, the variables of human capital logarithm and foreign direct investment inflow logarithm have a positive and significant effect on the economic growth of the above provinces, while the unemployment rate variable harms the economic growth of the provinces. Based on the results of the research, it is recommended to increase the provincial and regional powers according to the relative advantages of the regions,
Amir Hossein Ghaffari Nejad; Majid Maddah
Abstract
In the literature of political macroeconomics stresses role of political competition in the economic performance of countries; Political competition can influence economic growth by affecting resources allocation and quality of economic policies. This paper examines the effect of political competition ...
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In the literature of political macroeconomics stresses role of political competition in the economic performance of countries; Political competition can influence economic growth by affecting resources allocation and quality of economic policies. This paper examines the effect of political competition on economic performance in Iran in the framework of a dynamic growth model by Heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation consistent estimators (HAC) method over the period 1364 to 1397. In this regard, we use the degree of alignment of government and parliament, power balance, power distribution, political and economic freedom and a composite index as the determinants of political competition. The results of estimates confirm the hypothesis of non-linear effect of political competition on economic growth in the Iranian economy as U-shape relationship such as at first the higher levels of political completion tend to be associated to smaller real GDP per capita, but after the optimal value (minimum political competition), production will increase. In this step, the actors of political system, by accepting the rules of political competition and avoiding factional policies focuses policies, focus policies that promote economic growth. This situation, which is known as the learning of political competition, enjoys society the benefits of competition political parties. The findings of this research supports the importance of political competition as one of the sources of economic growth.
