رقابت
Farhad kashi; mohsen mehrara; seyedeh vajihe mikaeeli
Abstract
هدف اصلی مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی تأثیر خصوصیسازی و فشار رقابتی بر قدرت بازار در بخش صنعت ایران است. برای تحقق این هدف ضمن استفاده از دادههای دروره زمانی 1381-1397صنایع کارخانهای ...
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هدف اصلی مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی تأثیر خصوصیسازی و فشار رقابتی بر قدرت بازار در بخش صنعت ایران است. برای تحقق این هدف ضمن استفاده از دادههای دروره زمانی 1381-1397صنایع کارخانهای مرکز آمار از رویکرد هال-راجر و روش تخمین پنل دیتا استفاده شد. نتایج تحقیق دلالت بر وجود قدرت انحصاری قابل توجه در بخش صنعت ایران دارد و علاوهبراین تجربه خصوصیسازی در ایران نه تنها موجب افزایش رقابت در بخش صنعت ایران نشده است بلکه بعد از خصوصیسازی، قدرت انحصاری در این بخش افزایش یافته است و به عبارت دیگر در صنایعی همچون تولید مواد و محصولات شیمیایی، دارو و فرآوردهای دارویی و شیمیایی، تولید محصولات کانی غیرفلزی و صنعت تولید فلزات اساسی انحصار خصوصی جایگزین انحصار دولتی شده است. با مقایسه اثر خصوصسازی در صنایع بزرگ و و در کل صنعت مشخص شد که خصوصیسازی در صنایع بزرگ به قدرت انحصاری بیشتری منجر شده است تا در کل بخش صنعت. نتایج همچنین بر قدرت بازار صحه میگذارد به این ترتیب که با افزایش تمرکز بازار، قدرت انحصاری در صنایع ایران افزایش مییابد.
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Mehdi Hoseinpour Naderi; Fateme Alijani
Abstract
The agriculture sector has still a significant share of Iranian economy. Therefore, job creation in agriculture sector is important. For this purpose, it is necessary to identify the determinants of agricultural growth. One of these factors is bank credit that According to some economic theories, it ...
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The agriculture sector has still a significant share of Iranian economy. Therefore, job creation in agriculture sector is important. For this purpose, it is necessary to identify the determinants of agricultural growth. One of these factors is bank credit that According to some economic theories, it increases employment. Some economists believe that the type of bank ownership (state or private) impact on this relationship. Some believe that the credits of state banks cause more jobs but the others disagree. Therefore, it is necessary for researches to answer these questions: What role does the type of ownership of banks play in the effectiveness of bank credits? In this regard, the study aims to examine the impact of bank credit on agricultural employment emphasized the role of bank ownership. For this purpose, the ARDL and Fuzzy-ARDL method is used. The used quarterly data cover winter 2009 to spring 2018. The findings of the research show that the overall effect of bank credits is positive, but the credits granted by state banks have a greater impact on the employment of the agricultural sector compared to the credits of private banks. This finding is in accordance with the opinion of the advocates of state interference in granting bank credit. In addition, investment has a positive effect and wage has a negative effect on employment.
Seyyed ali Islaminezhad; Asqhar Abolhasani Hastiani; abdolali monsef; Kamran Nadri
Abstract
From the point of view of scholars in economics, privatization is not only considered as a tool for restructuring the economy and increasing competition, but also an essential base for economic growth and development. According to that, the first and most important goal of privatization program in the ...
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From the point of view of scholars in economics, privatization is not only considered as a tool for restructuring the economy and increasing competition, but also an essential base for economic growth and development. According to that, the first and most important goal of privatization program in the General Policies of Principle (44) of the constitution,Law is to increase the economic growth. However, most studies have assessed the effects of privatization just on micro variables in economy, and only a few of them are focused on macro objectives such as economic growth. In this regard and due to uncertainties in the rate of achievement of this goal, as the result of the implementation of the mentioned program, this study is focused on evaluation of the privatization effect on economic growth of the country for the period 1991-2017. For this purpose, the human capital model and also the fully modified least squares (FMOLS) has been used. This method does not have the limitations of the ARDL method, such as the synchronization and exogenous variables and the resulting errors in estimation, which has been used in previous studies. In this study, privatization variable is considered as income from the transferring. Estimating the model and performing statistical tests, findings show that the impact of privatization on economic growth is positive and significant during the mentioned period.
Shahram Arianmehr; Abolfazl Yahyaabadi; Amir Hortamani
Volume 4, Issue 13 , January 2014, , Pages 28-11
Abstract
The transference of economic activities to the private sector and the government withdrawal of its economic activities are introduced as dominant solutions to today's economic problems and growth in countries, over the past two decades. This strategy -which takes place in order to return the government ...
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The transference of economic activities to the private sector and the government withdrawal of its economic activities are introduced as dominant solutions to today's economic problems and growth in countries, over the past two decades. This strategy -which takes place in order to return the government activities to the private sector known as privatization- can make fundamental changes in behavior and nature of the economic activities. Unlikely to the previous studies, which have been extremely done so far regarding the effects of privatization but in micro scale there are still few studies regarding the practical experiences of the privatization in different countries, in macro scale. This research demonstrates the effects of privatization on economic growth with controlling of critical Levine and Renelt (1992) growth models, as well as, empirical findings from previous studies, about D-8 countries, for the period between 2001-2009 and by using of the dynamic panel generalized method of moments (GMM). The results confidently prove that, as was expected, the privatization strategy has positive (although negligible) and significant impacts on economic growth in the mentioned countries.
