Mirnaser Mirbagheri hir; Ali Salmanpourzonouz
Abstract
Pollution tax is one of the most important tools of the government to reduce pollution and increase the welfare of society. Direct environmental or pigouvian tax, by affecting the revenues of producers, seeks to impose a tax on polluting products to reduce pollution. Accordingly, the main purpose of ...
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Pollution tax is one of the most important tools of the government to reduce pollution and increase the welfare of society. Direct environmental or pigouvian tax, by affecting the revenues of producers, seeks to impose a tax on polluting products to reduce pollution. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to calculate the optimal pollution tax rate taking into account environmental considerations using an endogenous growth model in the Iranian economy. In this study, an endogenous growth model with a stochastic production function is used. After developing the model and solving it by Hamilton-Belman-Jacobi random method and achieving the relationship determining the optimal rate of pollution tax, using the parameters of the Iranian economy, the model was calibrated and the optimal amount of pollution tax was calculated. The results of model estimation show that the optimal rate of pollution tax for the Iranian economy is 5.3% of total production. Also, the interest rate or capital gain rate in Islamic economy and its fluctuations, production fluctuations, change of pollution function parameters, the rate of the optimal pollution tax rate. The affect results of the sensitivity analysis for the Iranian economy indicate that with increasing environmental preferences, interest rates and production fluctuations, the optimal pollution tax rate should increase in the optimal state of social welfare. Also, with increasing capital gain rate fluctuations, to remain in the optimal situation, the pollution tax rate must be reduced.
Mirnaser Mirbagheri Hir; Farzad Rahimzadeh; Sayyed Rashed Safavi
Volume 4, Issue 16 , November 2014, , Pages 120-105
Abstract
In many countries, achieving to the millennium development goals, such as sustainable economic growth, poverty reduction and human development enhancement are their important priorities. One of these goals is to improve the human development index that is used to compare the level of welfare. This study, ...
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In many countries, achieving to the millennium development goals, such as sustainable economic growth, poverty reduction and human development enhancement are their important priorities. One of these goals is to improve the human development index that is used to compare the level of welfare. This study, using the annual data of selected MENA countries from 2000-2012 and by applying Dynamic Panel Data and GMM estimators, wants to determine the factors that affect on human development. For this purpose, trade variable (percapita import, percapita export and per capita trade) has been used in three separated models. The results of the model with n-step GMM estimator of Arellano and Bond (1991) indicate that in all models, trade has positive and significant impact on human development. If percapita import, export and trade are considered as explanatory variables in the model, the increase of $ 10,000 in these variables, will increase human development index by 0.029, 0.024, and 0.025 respectively. Based on the results, educational expenditures, per capita health expenditure and foreign direct investment have also positive and significant effects on human development.
