s
zahra maleki; zahra karimi takanlou; hossein asgharpour
Abstract
Although different economic schools have different views on the role of money in the economy, empirical evidence and the results of many previous studies indicate that monetary policies can affect production in various ways. Given the important role of banks, as financial intermediaries, in financing ...
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Although different economic schools have different views on the role of money in the economy, empirical evidence and the results of many previous studies indicate that monetary policies can affect production in various ways. Given the important role of banks, as financial intermediaries, in financing enterprises, examining the role of bank credits in production and value added of enterprises is of great importance. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the effect of the role of bank credits on the effect of monetary policies on the value added of the industrial and mining sectors of the provinces of Iran. For achieve this purpose, we used Generalized Moment Method) GMM with panel of 31 provinces during the period (2011-2021). First we survey the effect of monetary policies on bank credits and then the role of bank credits on the value added of this sector. The results of this study show that an increase in bank interest rates causes a decrease in given credits, while bank deposits and the number of bank branches cause an increase in credits. Also, bank credits have a positive and significant effect on the value added of the industry and mining sector, and inflation has a negative effect on the value added of the industrial section. Finally, the overall effect of monetary policy (through bank credits) on the value added of the industrial provinces of Iran is negative.
Mina Naeimi; Somayeh Azami
Abstract
Digital transformation is one of the main drivers of change in manufacturing industries; however, the mechanisms through which it influences sustainable development in developing countries are not yet fully understood. Focusing on Iran’s industrial sector, this study examines a causal framework ...
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Digital transformation is one of the main drivers of change in manufacturing industries; however, the mechanisms through which it influences sustainable development in developing countries are not yet fully understood. Focusing on Iran’s industrial sector, this study examines a causal framework in which digital transformation facilitates sustainable development through technological innovation. The conceptual model was developed based on the dynamic capabilities perspective and the four dimensional sustainability approach and was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling with SmartPLS software. Survey data were collected from manufacturing industries in Iran, and three main paths of the model were tested. The findings show that digital transformation has a positive and significant effect on technological innovation, and technological innovation significantly strengthens sustainable development. The direct effect of digital transformation on sustainable development was not significant, although the explanatory power of the model was acceptable. Mediation analysis confirmed the full mediating role of technological innovation, indicating that the effect of digital transformation on sustainable development is mainly transmitted through strengthening innovation, organizational learning, and university–industry collaboration. From a policy perspective, it is recommended that industrial digitalization programs be aligned with innovation and sustainability goals and that their institutional foundations be strengthened through improved data governance and regulatory stability. The study empirically tests an integrated causal model in Iran’s industrial sector using quantitative data analysis and validation procedures, providing statistical evidence explaining the relationship between digital transformation, technological innovation, and sustainable development.
Economic Growth
Rafi Hassani Moghaddam
Abstract
Intellectual capital, through strengthening human capital, structural capital, and relational capital, can lay the groundwork for innovation, enhance resource productivity, and drive the development of clean technologies; however, its effectiveness is also contingent upon the institutional conditions ...
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Intellectual capital, through strengthening human capital, structural capital, and relational capital, can lay the groundwork for innovation, enhance resource productivity, and drive the development of clean technologies; however, its effectiveness is also contingent upon the institutional conditions of countries. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the impact of national intellectual capital on green economic growth and the moderating role of institutional quality in selected BRICS+ countries over the period 2000–2025. In this research, national intellectual capital is measured using three components—human capital, structural capital, and relational capital—and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. Additionally, financial development, trade openness, government expenditure on education, renewable energy consumption, and foreign direct investment are considered control variables. Following an examination of the data characteristics, the model is estimated using the robust regression method. The results indicate that both national intellectual capital and institutional quality have a significant positive effect on green economic growth at the 5% significance level. In contrast, the interaction effect of national intellectual capital and institutional quality is negative and statistically significant at the 5% level. Thus, under the investigated circumstances, institutional quality does not necessarily strengthen the effect of intellectual capital on green economic growth. Furthermore, at the 5% significance level, financial development, trade openness, government expenditure on education, and renewable energy consumption exert significant positive impacts on green economic growth, whereas the effects of foreign direct investment are not statistically significant
s
hasan alvedari; moslem soleymanpor; reza norouzi ajirloo
Abstract
The main objective of this research is to design an economic development management model focusing on the role and capabilities of knowledge-based companies. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and using the interpretive phenomenological analysis method. The participants included ...
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The main objective of this research is to design an economic development management model focusing on the role and capabilities of knowledge-based companies. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and using the interpretive phenomenological analysis method. The participants included 23 managers of knowledge-based companies (Sistan and Baluchestan Province) who were selected using a purposive sampling method and up to theoretical saturation. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Smith's 6-step strategy.Data analysis led to the identification of 10 main themes in designing an economic development management model, which are: 1. Investment in research and development; 2. Attention to human capital and continuous learning; 3. The existence of a culture of entrepreneurship and risk-taking; 4. Taking advantage of knowledge spillovers; 5. Strengthening organizational capabilities (marketing and technical); 6. Capacity building and participatory governance; 7. Development of science and technology parks; 8. Providing tax incentives and direct subsidies; 9. Integrating vocational training with industry needs and 10. Focusing on industrial clusters and developing technology exports.The results show that economic development through knowledge-based pathways is a multifaceted phenomenon that depends not only on the internal capabilities of companies, but also on institutional infrastructure, government support policies, and the link between industry and academia. The designed model can be used as a roadmap for policymakers and managers to transform knowledge into wealth and achieve sustainable economic development.
Economic Growth
Sahar Akhound Hafizi; saeed Daei-Karimzadeh; sara ghobadi
Abstract
This study investigates the role of labor market flexibility in moderating the impact of exchange rate regimes on economic growth in Iran over the period 1970–2024, utilizing the QARDL approach. To this end, a dummy variable for exchange rate regimes was specified, assigning a value of zero to ...
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This study investigates the role of labor market flexibility in moderating the impact of exchange rate regimes on economic growth in Iran over the period 1970–2024, utilizing the QARDL approach. To this end, a dummy variable for exchange rate regimes was specified, assigning a value of zero to years with a floating exchange rate regime and one to years characterized by a fixed exchange rate regime. The findings reveal that the effects of institutional and macroeconomic variables on economic growth differ across short-run and long-run horizons, also across different quantiles of the economic growth distribution. In the short-run, while the individual effects of the exchange rate regime and labor market flexibility are statistically insignificant across all quantiles, their interaction term is positive and statistically significant throughout the conditional distribution. This suggests that the individual effectiveness of labor market institutions and exchange rate arrangements does not operate in isolation in the short-run; rather, these policies exhibit a complementary and synergistic relationship. In contrast, over the long-run the exchange rate regime exerts a statistically significant negative effect, whereas labor market flexibility shows a statistically significant positive effect across all quantiles. Furthermore, the long-run interaction term remains consistently positive across all quantiles, underscoring the vital role of labor market flexibility in mitigating the adverse impacts of a fixed exchange rate regime. Consequently, harmonizing exchange rate policies with institutional labor market reforms, trade openness, and macroeconomic stability is crucial for fostering sustainable growth.
International Commerce
Reza danaie; Mohammad Mahdi Barghi Osgouei; Sakineh Sojoodi
Abstract
This empirical study investigates the interplay between geopolitical distance (IPD) and economic sanctions on Iran's bilateral trade with 15 major partners over 2015-2023. It estimates IPD's overall effect, its intensification after the 2022 Ukraine war, isolates sanction impacts, and assesses Iran's ...
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This empirical study investigates the interplay between geopolitical distance (IPD) and economic sanctions on Iran's bilateral trade with 15 major partners over 2015-2023. It estimates IPD's overall effect, its intensification after the 2022 Ukraine war, isolates sanction impacts, and assesses Iran's trade orientation toward the Eastern bloc. Results confirm IPD significantly reduces trade, with a coefficient of -0.210 (10% level), translating to a 19% average decrease per unit increase. The post-2022 period shows exacerbated negative effects via an interaction coefficient of -0.110 (1% level), indicating a 10.4% amplification of IPD's adverse impact. While the direct sanction effect is unidentified due to collinearity with year-fixed effects (+0.214), its interaction with IPD is significantly negative (-0.168 at 5%), demonstrating that sanctions critically amplify geopolitical trade barriers. Block heterogeneity analysis reveals IPD's negative impact is substantially weaker in the Eastern bloc (-0.108) than in the Western bloc (-0.208), statistically confirming Iran's structural pivot toward Eastern markets. Crucially, excluding China and Russia reduces the IPD coefficient to an insignificant -0.010, suggesting observed geopolitical friction concentrates on these two principal Eastern partners. Overall, empirical evidence establishes IPD as a significant, persistent, and growing impediment to Iran's trade. Its influence markedly intensified after the Ukraine conflict, with sanctions acting as a multiplier. Nevertheless, Iran's distinct trade resilience with the Eastern bloc, particularly China and Russia, underscores a strategic reorientation partially mitigating these constraints, highlighting asymmetric effects of global political fractures on trade flows.
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