Human Capital
Marzieh Shakeri HosseinAbad; Zahra Nasrollahi
Abstract
Women's participation in the labor market has an effect not only on the economic development of a country but also on contribution to gender equality. In addition, empowering women can lead to an improvement in household welfare by reducing the dependency ratio and increasing per capita income. Although ...
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Women's participation in the labor market has an effect not only on the economic development of a country but also on contribution to gender equality. In addition, empowering women can lead to an improvement in household welfare by reducing the dependency ratio and increasing per capita income. Although various social, cultural, political, and economic factors affect women's entry into the labor market, the wages paid to women compared to men can be an important factor in women's decision to participate in the labor market. This research was designed to investigate the factors affecting women's economic participation with an emphasis on gender wage discrimination in the years 1385-1400 with five-year intervals and separated by the provinces of Iran, and the wage gender discrimination in this research was calculated using the Neomark method. The results show that the variables of the unemployment rate, the proportion of poor people, the share of female students, and mobile phones have had a positive and significant effect on the participation of women in the labor market of urban areas. While the gender wage discrimination variable has a negative and significant effect on women's decision to enter the labor market. Therefore, adopting policies aimed at improving women's education as a way to promote their economic participation can be considered. In addition, policies to reduce gender wage discrimination are considered as an effective measure in increasing the economic participation of women compared to men.
Quality of Environment
Zahra Nasrollahi; Habib Ansari Samani; Masoume Rouzbahani
Abstract
Sustainable development is a very broad concept, and achieving it, is a guarantee of the sustainable welfare of societies. On the other hand, income distribution affects many of sustainable development indicators. As a result, investigating the relationship between the two is essential. Based on this ...
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Sustainable development is a very broad concept, and achieving it, is a guarantee of the sustainable welfare of societies. On the other hand, income distribution affects many of sustainable development indicators. As a result, investigating the relationship between the two is essential. Based on this importance, the relationship between these two variables was the goal of this study. The Gini coefficient is selected as the independent variable and the composite index of sustainable development (combination of sustainability of human, physical and environmental capital) as the dependent variable of the research. In order to answer the research question, a panel data regression model for the Iran's provinces during 2008-2014 and using FGLS method have been used. The results show that the relationship between income inequality and composite index of sustainable development is negative and significant. The results also show that the effect of GDP growth rate and energy intensity on the dependent variable of the model was positive and negative and statistically significant respectively. While the impact of industry structure and urbanization rate is not statistically significant. Regarding the results of the regression model, we can reduce the inequality in order to attain sustainable development.
Economic Growth
khaled ahmadzadeh; sholeh Nasri
Volume 8, Issue 30 , April 2018, , Pages 145-166
Abstract
The main objective of this study is investigating the effect of economic and social infrastructure on economic growth gap within the framework of panel data method among Iran's provinces during the period (2006-2012). In this context, conditional and non-conditional convergency hypothesis related to ...
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The main objective of this study is investigating the effect of economic and social infrastructure on economic growth gap within the framework of panel data method among Iran's provinces during the period (2006-2012). In this context, conditional and non-conditional convergency hypothesis related to province's economic growth has tested. The results show endorsement of both types of convergency of economic growth in the provinces of Iran. Economic infrastructure including communications and energy has a significant positive influence on economic growth. By entering the economic infrastructure variables in the equation of convergency the economic growth gap in the regions is reduced. Combined index of social infrastructure has the significant negative impact on economic growth in provinces. So that there are significant positive effect of health expenditure and the significant negative impact of education expenditure on economic growth in provinces.Therefore in order to reduce the gap in economic growth in the country's provinces, paying more attention to economic infrastructure and health sector and to review the allocation of resources in the educational sector is recommended.
