Income inequality
Zahra Sadeghi Motamed; abolfazl shahabadi; hamid kordbacheh
Abstract
In the past, the role of physical capital in the production process and subsequent economic development was much more important than other factors of production, and at that time, theories were put forward that stated that inequality through the accumulation of physical capital could accelerate the process ...
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In the past, the role of physical capital in the production process and subsequent economic development was much more important than other factors of production, and at that time, theories were put forward that stated that inequality through the accumulation of physical capital could accelerate the process of economic development. In the present era, knowledge is known as a source of wealth for societies, and the role of new factors of production is very important in the production function, and on the other hand, the centrality of new factors of production is human. Therefore, studying the determinants of income inequality is essential. The present study, using the GMM proposed by Blondel and Bond, examined the interaction effect of globalization and natural resource rents on income inequality in a group of selected countries during 2008-2020.The results of the study indicate that the mutual impact of globalization and natural resource rents on income inequality was positive and significant. It is suggested that by adopting a strategy of transforming natural resources into sustainable and productive capital, while strengthening the economic structure for an effective presence in the global economy by creating a stable income stream, it is possible to finance support policies. Also, according to the results, the impact of gender inequality on income inequality was positive and significant. The impact of democracy on income inequality was negative and significant, and the impact of institutions on income inequality was negative and meaningless.
Economic Growth
Alireza Kazerooni; Hosein Asgharpur; Maryam Nafisi Moghadam
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of political stability and democracy on economic growth in member countries of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). This study estimated panel regression using a Generalizes Method of Moments (GMM) framework, on a sample of 34 OIC member ...
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of political stability and democracy on economic growth in member countries of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). This study estimated panel regression using a Generalizes Method of Moments (GMM) framework, on a sample of 34 OIC member countries for the period of 1986-2014. In this research, a composite indicator of Internal Conflict, External Conflict, Military in Politics, Ethnic and Religius Tensions Religion in Politics has been used to calculate the political stability index using the principal components analysis method (PCA). The results of the research show that political stability and democracy have a significant positive role in the economic growth.
Mohammadali Motafakker Azad; Zahra Karimi Takanlo; Mohammadreza Salmani Bishak; Elnaz Hasan Nezhad Daneshmand
Volume 5, Issue 17 , December 2014, , Pages 48-23
Abstract
In recent decades, the process of globalization and its effects have resulted in movements on the side of ethnic minorities, called ethnic conflicts and ethnic tensions in developing countries particularly in those with ethnic varieties. On the other hand, increase in social and political awareness leads ...
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In recent decades, the process of globalization and its effects have resulted in movements on the side of ethnic minorities, called ethnic conflicts and ethnic tensions in developing countries particularly in those with ethnic varieties. On the other hand, increase in social and political awareness leads to reinforced morale and solidarity towards common national preferences and interests besides an increased plea for pacifism and social and political equilibrium on the side of minorities. As a consequence, this new stable and peaceful status will pave the path for economic growth as a results of which access to social and economic rights will be facilitated and injustice will decrease. Finally, the foregoing results will lead to decreased violence and conflicts and the provision of more facilities under this new air of mutual understanding. In this study, we examined the effect of economic –social variables on ethnic tensions in selected 11 countries of the MENA (Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Tunisia and the United Arab Emirates) by using panel data for (1984-2009) period. Results show that economic - social variables (unemployment, inflation, income inequality) have positive significant effects on ethnic conflicts. On the other side, economic growth has negative significant effect on ethnic conflict.
Mohammad Ali Motafaker Azad; Ahmad Asadzadeh; Mohsen Amini Khozani; Mahmood Shirkosh
Volume 4, Issue 13 , January 2014, , Pages 96-79
Abstract
Political stability and democracy, is an important characteristic of a developed political system. In fact a developed political system, with a democracy pattern, has a coordination relationship in other developed sections especially in human and economical issues. In these countries the government ...
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Political stability and democracy, is an important characteristic of a developed political system. In fact a developed political system, with a democracy pattern, has a coordination relationship in other developed sections especially in human and economical issues. In these countries the government provide the basis to develop other sectors by economic freedom. This study describs economic freedom, political freedom and human development by using the simultaneous equations model investigates the effect of economic freedom, political freedom and human development on each other in selected Islamic countries. This model is estimated in selected countries by panel data approach between the years 2001-2010. Results show a signicant positive effect of human development on economic and political freedom. In addition economic freedom and human development have a direct effect on each other. More over political freedom doesn’t have any effect on human development. Finally, there is an adverse effect between economic and political freedom.
