Arshia Faraji Tabrizi; Kambiz Hojabre Kiani; Abbas Memarnejad; Farhad Gaffari
Abstract
The exchange rate is one of the most important macroeconomic variables, and how it affects other economic variables, including GDP, is one of the most important challenges in macroeconomics, especially in the last few decades in industrialized and developing countries. The purpose of this study is to ...
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The exchange rate is one of the most important macroeconomic variables, and how it affects other economic variables, including GDP, is one of the most important challenges in macroeconomics, especially in the last few decades in industrialized and developing countries. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the GDP of selected countries by emphasizing the role of exchange rates with the ARDL-PMG approach. The results indicate that in developed countries and developing countries in the long run real the real exchange rate has a negative and significant effect on GDP. On the other hand, the variables of physical capital accumulation, government spending, the degree of openness of the economy and liquidity have a positive effect on GDP. In this regard, the variable of physical capital accumulation has had the highest positive impact on GDP in both developing and developed countries. At the same time, the negative effect of exchange rates on GDP in developing countries is greater than in developed countries. Therefore, according to the results of this study, economic risks in developing countries are .
Arshia FARAJI TABRIZI; kambiz hojabre kiani; Abbas Memarnejad; Farhad. ghaffari
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the short-term and long-term asymmetric effects of exchange rate on Iran’s gross domestic product (GDP). Considering the importance of the issue in policy making and the possibility of influencing production through exchange rate, in this study, the effects ...
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The aim of this study is to investigate the short-term and long-term asymmetric effects of exchange rate on Iran’s gross domestic product (GDP). Considering the importance of the issue in policy making and the possibility of influencing production through exchange rate, in this study, the effects of positive and negative exchange rate shocks on Iran's GDP in the short and long term with nonlinear distributed autoregressive lags (NARDL) have been investigated in the period of 1991 to the fourth quarter of 2018 and the "Shine et al" model is the main basis of the research. For this purpose, using explanatory variables of liquidity volume, exchange rate, degree of openness of economy, gross domestic capital stock, labor and oil prices, through band test confirms the existence of a long-term asymmetric equilibrium relationship and also confirms the results of asymmetric relationship between real exchange rate and GDP. In the short term, the decrease in real exchange rate leads to an increase in GDP and an increase in the exchange rate has negative and significant effects on GDP, and in the long run, the severity of negative shocks has been more than positive shocks, this effect has been positive and asymmetric.
Monetary policy
Mohammad Lashkary; Mehdi Behname; maliheh hassani
Volume 6, Issue 23 , May 2016, , Pages 130-115
Abstract
Today in all countries one of the macroeconomic objectives is achieving an acceptable level of labor employment, for that must be regarded capacities and relative advantages for each of the economic sectors. Due to the importance and share of services sector of total employment and exchange rate volatility ...
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Today in all countries one of the macroeconomic objectives is achieving an acceptable level of labor employment, for that must be regarded capacities and relative advantages for each of the economic sectors. Due to the importance and share of services sector of total employment and exchange rate volatility in recent years in Iran; the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of real exchange rate uncertainty on employment for services sector in Iran from 1974 to 2012. The ARCH approach used for estimating real exchange rate uncertainty and ARDL model for employment pattern. According to research results, the real exchange rate uncertainty has a positive impact on employment in services sector in Iran; because the effect of real exchange rate uncertainty on employment in agricultural and industry sectors is negative. So the labor departed from agriculture and industry will transfer to services sector. Relationship between added value and per capita capital on employment in this sector is negative, that indicates labor and capital are replaced for each other in which capital replaced for labor in both short and long term. Import of services has positive effect and export of services has negative impact on employment in services sector.
