s
Ali Rezazadeh; Ali Moridianali; Fatemeh Havasbeigi,
Abstract
One of the most important lessons of the global financial crisis in 2008 was the importance of maintaining financial stability and systematic risk containment. At the same time, most developing economies are seeking to increase the inclusiveness of their financial systems. Financial inclusion is critical ...
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One of the most important lessons of the global financial crisis in 2008 was the importance of maintaining financial stability and systematic risk containment. At the same time, most developing economies are seeking to increase the inclusiveness of their financial systems. Financial inclusion is critical to inclusive growth and provides policy solutions to remove barriers that exclude people from financial markets. In this regard, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of financial inclusion and the size of the shadow economy on the economic growth in MENA countries during the period of 2008-2018. The results of spatial panel model estimation show that financial inclusion has a positive and significant effect on economic growth. This means that financial inclusion is an effective tool in strengthening rapid economic growth. The positive relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth shows that increasing banking penetration, availability of banking centers and geographic penetration can strengthen economic growth in the long run. Also, in the studied economies, the size of the shadow economy has a significant negative effect on economic growth, and this shows that the shadow economy is an obstacle to economic development.
Dynamic Panel Data
Abbas Mirzaei; Reza Esfanjari Kenari; Abolfazl Mahmoodi; Mehdi Shabanzadeh
Volume 6, Issue 24 , September 2016, , Pages 107-118
Abstract
One of the major concerns for the future of human is living conditions on Earth. Environmental degradation by humans has caused to climate change in addition to vast reduction of natural resources. Recognition of environmental problems and factors is the first step in maintaining desirable biological ...
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One of the major concerns for the future of human is living conditions on Earth. Environmental degradation by humans has caused to climate change in addition to vast reduction of natural resources. Recognition of environmental problems and factors is the first step in maintaining desirable biological conditions. Accordingly, in present study, was investigated the effect of shadow economy on environmental pressures and also the role of political and administrative corruption level in this regard. For this purpose, the pressure on nature was measured by sum of energy, mineral, net forest depletions and carbon dioxide damage. Also, panel data of 15 MENA countries from 1999 to 2013 were used to test this relationship. The result showed that relationship between the shadow economy and the environmental pressure is positive and significant. As, a 1% increase in the size of shadow economy increases the pressure on nature to 3.19%. Also, the result showed that the relationship between the size of shadow economy and the pressure on nature are dependent on the levels of countries corruption, so that increase in the corruption level increases the effect of shadow economy on environmental pressures. Therefore, production in the shadow economy of countries causes failure to comply environmental regulations by firms and increase of environmental pressures.
s
Somayeh Hasanvand; Mansour Zarra-Nezhad; Amir Hossein Montazer-Hojat
Volume 6, Issue 22 , January 2016, , Pages 118-103
Abstract
The shadow economy is a real phenomenon with significant and complex concepts that requires deep study and attention. For all the countries of the worldespecially developing countries which possess a more expanded volume of these activities, always there are concerns about the growing tendency of shadow ...
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The shadow economy is a real phenomenon with significant and complex concepts that requires deep study and attention. For all the countries of the worldespecially developing countries which possess a more expanded volume of these activities, always there are concerns about the growing tendency of shadow economy. Due to the hidden nature of the shadow economy and its unregistration, official statistics don’t reveal the exact status of the governmental economy and since these statistics are applied to policy- making, inexact figures and information can lead to inappropriate political responses. In the present paper, the aim is to investigate the effect of unemployment rate on the shadow economy in 67 developing countries in period of 1999-2009. The paper’s data analysis is System Generalized Method of Moments (System GMM) approach. By and large, the results of this approach show that in the countries under study the unemployment rate has a positive effect on the shadow economy.
