International Commerce
Azadeh Alikhani; Seyed Komeil Tayebi; saeed Daei-Karimzadeh
Abstract
Most of the countries using complicated multiple rate systems have been subject to inflationary pressures and to a more or less rapid rise in domestic costs and prices. Such an environment greatly complicates any exchange policy, because the exchange rate has to be adjusted frequently to keep an appropriate ...
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Most of the countries using complicated multiple rate systems have been subject to inflationary pressures and to a more or less rapid rise in domestic costs and prices. Such an environment greatly complicates any exchange policy, because the exchange rate has to be adjusted frequently to keep an appropriate relation between domestic and external costs and prices. Considering this, the present study examines the effects of exchange rate unification policy on the aggregate import price index from 1979 to 2023. For this purpose, the most influential variables affecting the aggregate import price index are first identified using the Time-Varying Parameters Dynamic Model Averaging (TVP_DMA) framework. Subsequently, Then, the impacts of exchange rate unification shocks on the aggregate import price index are examined within the time-varying parameter vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) model. The results indicate that exchange rate unification leads to an increase in the aggregate import price index, with significant short-term effects that gradually diminish over the long term. Additionally, higher instability in the foreign exchange market causes the nature of the impacts (both in terms of intensity and duration) on the aggregate import price index to differ compared to other periods.Keywords: Multiple Exchange Rates, Unification, The Aggregate Import Price Index, Shock, The Exchange Rate Pass-through.
Mohammadreza Lali; Saeed Daei-Karimzadeh; Farzad Karimi
Abstract
Recent studies on complex networks in international trade show the number of partners; trade intensity, indirect trade connections and the central position of each partner in the trade network have significant effects on economic growth. The network analysis approach in investigating the effect of trade ...
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Recent studies on complex networks in international trade show the number of partners; trade intensity, indirect trade connections and the central position of each partner in the trade network have significant effects on economic growth. The network analysis approach in investigating the effect of trade on economic growth, unlike conventional methods, can identify and measure indirect trade relations (intermediary countries in trade) in international interactions. This research aims to investigate world trade centrality indicators’ effects on economic growth using panel data of 42 chosen countries of Asia and CIS, in two steps. At first, the weighted directional matrices of trade was made and then the centrality indices of the countries were calculated for the selected years according to a complex network approach. Then the effect of the aforementioned indices as an explanatory variable of trade on economic growth has been investigated, and these were compared with the effect of the trade openness index.The results of the research show that compared to the conventional indicator of the trade openness index, the centrality indicators of the world trade network show a better explanation of economic growth while having more effect. Among these, the closeness centrality (due to having a core role in the network and the entanglement of trade relations) and the eigenvector centrality (due to establishing relationships with countries that are connected with important partners in the network) have more effects on economic growth.
atefe alahverdi; Saeed Daei-Karimzadeh; sara ghobadi
Abstract
In recent years, the financial condition index (FCI) has been used in many countries as an important index to determine the state of macroeconomic policies. For this purpose, in the present study, the effects of financial condition index on macroeconomic variables were investigated by applying the time-varying ...
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In recent years, the financial condition index (FCI) has been used in many countries as an important index to determine the state of macroeconomic policies. For this purpose, in the present study, the effects of financial condition index on macroeconomic variables were investigated by applying the time-varying parameter factor-augmented vector autoregressive model (TVP-FAVAR) and using quarterly data during the period (1991-2019). The results indicate that the response type and response rate of macroeconomic variables were different due to the financial condition index shock over time, and this indicates the necessity of employing the parameter- variable approach. According to the obtained results, The unemployment rate and economic growth rate variables in the short and long term showed a negative and positive response to behavioral changes in the financial condition index variable, respectively. The effects of the financial conditions index shock on the inflation rate variable appear after one period; However, the response of this variable to the financial condition index shock in the short and long term has been different according to the conditions prevailing on the economy of the country. also, the financial conditions index shock in the short run has improved the Gini coefficient variable, but in the long run, especially in the late 2010s has rised the income gap. The response of the budget deficit variable to the financial condition index shock in the whole period under review was positive and the financial condition index shock has increased the government budget deficit.
Akbar Nikkhah Sarnaghi; Karim Azarbaiejani; saeed Daei-Karimzadeh
Abstract
The quality of the environment and its protection is one of the important issues in the field of management of countries. Therefore, all countries, along with growth and development policies, try to prevent environmental degradation by enacting laws and regulations in the national sphere and also by ...
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The quality of the environment and its protection is one of the important issues in the field of management of countries. Therefore, all countries, along with growth and development policies, try to prevent environmental degradation by enacting laws and regulations in the national sphere and also by creating international agreements. In the meantime, in order to adopt appropriate policies in the field of economic growth and environmental quality, conducting more detailed studies can help policy makers in this regard. The purpose of this study is to investigate the interrelationships of three important variables of economic growth, degree of trade openness and carbon dioxide emissions in the group of developed countries. For this purpose, the annual data of 29 developed countries for the period 2017-2000 from the World Bank website have been used. The econometric approach used in this work is to estimate the relationships of these variables using dynamic panel data using the GMM method. The estimation results show that by increasing the degree of commercial openness and carbon dioxide emissions, economic growth is enhanced. Venice Economic growth also has a positive effect on the volume of foreign trade, but carbon dioxide emissions limit it. On the other hand, economic growth leads to increased carbon dioxide emissions and the growth of foreign trade reduces the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions.
Azita Sheikhbahaie; saeed Daei-Karimzadeh; sara ghobadi
Abstract
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is an international cooperation mechanism that provides developing countries to achieve economic growth by promoting investment in clean energy projects. This study investigates the effect of investments on renewable energy through clean development mechanism in ...
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The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is an international cooperation mechanism that provides developing countries to achieve economic growth by promoting investment in clean energy projects. This study investigates the effect of investments on renewable energy through clean development mechanism in a selection of developing countries using the method of differences in differences during the period 2001-2018. The purpose of this study is to compare the spread of renewable energy in countries that accepted the Clean Development Mechanism in comparison with others. The effect of implementing this mechanism in developing countries with poor financial markets compared to developing countries with advanced financial markets is also examined. The results show that the implementation of clean development mechanism in developing countries leads to the expansion of renewable energy. This mechanism can finance clean energy projects and transfer modern technologies to these countries. Also, according to the results, the effect of implementing the clean development mechanism in developing countries with poor financial markets is far more developed than advanced financial markets.
Saeed Daee Karimzadeh; Karim Azarbayjani; Mohammad Javanmardi
Volume 3, Issue 10 , June 2013, , Pages 72-59
Abstract
Income convergence or income similarity is defined as per capita income gap between two trading partner. less income gap shows income convergence and more income gap shows income divergence. Income convergence plays an important role in the expansion of trade relations, so that countries with more ...
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Income convergence or income similarity is defined as per capita income gap between two trading partner. less income gap shows income convergence and more income gap shows income divergence. Income convergence plays an important role in the expansion of trade relations, so that countries with more income adaption have the similar demand patterns and thus have economic reasoning in creating trade and the formation of trade blocks. This study examined the existence of income convergence or divergence in D-8 countries during the period of 1965-2009. To this end, three methods ;sigma convergence, Theil indices and panel data unit root tests were used. The results of these approaches indicate that there are income divergence among the members of this group.
