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Mehdi Hoseinpour Naderi; Fateme Alijani
Abstract
The agriculture sector has still a significant share of Iranian economy. Therefore, job creation in agriculture sector is important. For this purpose, it is necessary to identify the determinants of agricultural growth. One of these factors is bank credit that According to some economic theories, it ...
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The agriculture sector has still a significant share of Iranian economy. Therefore, job creation in agriculture sector is important. For this purpose, it is necessary to identify the determinants of agricultural growth. One of these factors is bank credit that According to some economic theories, it increases employment. Some economists believe that the type of bank ownership (state or private) impact on this relationship. Some believe that the credits of state banks cause more jobs but the others disagree. Therefore, it is necessary for researches to answer these questions: What role does the type of ownership of banks play in the effectiveness of bank credits? In this regard, the study aims to examine the impact of bank credit on agricultural employment emphasized the role of bank ownership. For this purpose, the ARDL and Fuzzy-ARDL method is used. The used quarterly data cover winter 2009 to spring 2018. The findings of the research show that the overall effect of bank credits is positive, but the credits granted by state banks have a greater impact on the employment of the agricultural sector compared to the credits of private banks. This finding is in accordance with the opinion of the advocates of state interference in granting bank credit. In addition, investment has a positive effect and wage has a negative effect on employment.
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mehdi shabanzadeh; emran taheri; farshid Farshid Riahi Dorche
Volume 7, Issue 27 , July 2017, , Pages 143-156
Abstract
Iran as a developing country, having massive energy resource endowments is one of the examples of growth pattern with pressure on natural resources. energy as inputs in agriculture of Iran has particular importance. Reviewing the energy consumption in the agricultural sector, shows that, along with increased ...
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Iran as a developing country, having massive energy resource endowments is one of the examples of growth pattern with pressure on natural resources. energy as inputs in agriculture of Iran has particular importance. Reviewing the energy consumption in the agricultural sector, shows that, along with increased production and consumption of energy, including oil products and electricity, the value added of this sector is increased during the different years. But the fundamental question that arises is what causes the expansion of energy consumption in the agricultural sector of Iran. Is this increase was influenced by the expansion of trade and development? With this approach, in this study was investigated the relationship between economic development, diversification, trade liberalization and energy intensity in agriculture of Iran. In order to achieve this goal, by using modeling algorithms Fomby, relationship between diversification index, the share of agriculture in GDP and trade liberalization with energy intensity identifying and then in the framework of Johansen-Juselius cointegration model was examined for the period 1981-2012. The drought in 2008 as an effective dummy variable were considered in the short term. The results of this study showed existence of long-term relationship between the variables. So that, the effect of diversification and trade liberalization on energy intensity were positive and effects of share of agriculture was negative on energy intensity. The diversification was the most effective variable on energy intensity index. Because with a 1% increase in diversification, energy intensity will be reduced by 12.31%. The error correction coefficient was significant at the level of 1%. This subject shows that energy intensity shall be adjusted towards the long-run equilibrium by 0.09% per year.
