Document Type : ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Authors

• fateme moghtadaei ¹
• Narges Salehnia ²

¹ Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

² Associate Professor/ Department of Economics Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences/ Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad (FUM)/ Mashhad/ Iran

Abstract

Food security, as one of the pillars of sustainable development, depends on various factors.However, what can influence the intensity and direction of the impact of these factors is the level of innovation.Therefore,the present study investigated the impact of environmental, climatic, and economic variables on food security in the context of global innovation in 87 countries from 2012 to 2022.For this purpose, a panel smooth transition regression model was used and the threshold variable of the Global Innovation Index was considered.The results indicate a nonlinear relationship and confirms a model with a threshold and two regimes.The speed of adjustment is 3.8947,which indicates a smooth and gradual transition between regimes, and the location of the regime change is estimated to be 44.0173.The ecological footprint has a significant effect on food security in both regimes, but the intensity of its positive effect in the high regime is much greater than the negative effect in the low regime.Evapotranspiration in the low regime has a negative effect and in the high regime has a positive effect of food security.Urbanization in the low regime has a positive effect and in the high regime has a negative effect of food security.GDP has a positive effect on food security in both regimes, but this effect is greatly reduced in the high regime.Agricultural land has a positive effect only in the high regime and foreign direct investment has a negative effect on food security only in the low regime.

Keywords

• Food security
• climate
• panel smooth transition regression
• global innovation

Main Subjects

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