mohammad hosein rostamian; Ahmad Salahmanesh; masoud khodapanah; behrouz Sadeghi Amroabadi
Abstract
Small and medium-sized enterprises are limited economic entities that provide the basis for economic development through the accumulation of micro-financial resources, entrepreneurship and connection with industries. These companies also play a vital role in economic growth, employment, wealth generation ...
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Small and medium-sized enterprises are limited economic entities that provide the basis for economic development through the accumulation of micro-financial resources, entrepreneurship and connection with industries. These companies also play a vital role in economic growth, employment, wealth generation and poverty reduction of countries. The purpose of this article is surveying the effects of SME credits on employment (a dynamic computable general equilibrium model). Data collection has done in library and field and using the data of Iranian Statistics Center. Information analysis has done in the form of a New Keynesian model of dynamically computable general equilibrium using GAMS software. To complete the research, this discussion has been considered for large enterprises comparatively and as an aspect research innovation. Results of employment creation analysis in small, medium and large enterprises show that employment creation rate during the period 2005-2012,according to the credit ceiling of 20, 30, 40 and 50 percent which is done by the government is ascendant.Therefore, it can be said that the amount of allocated credits has a direct effect on the productions of small, medium and large enterprises and, consequently, on employment creation. Due to the centralization of the integrated management system and the kind of government supports that provides to these types of enterprises, the rate of employment creation in large enterprises was more than small and medium enterprise.
Hamid Reza Amini Komijani; Abolfazl Farahani; Mahmood Goodarzi; Leila Ghorbani
Abstract
The aim was to develop a paradigm model of sustainable development of sports tourism in Iran based on upstream documents. The study is fundamental and exploratory, which was performed by documentary method and qualitative content analysis using grounded theory method. The content analysis started with ...
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The aim was to develop a paradigm model of sustainable development of sports tourism in Iran based on upstream documents. The study is fundamental and exploratory, which was performed by documentary method and qualitative content analysis using grounded theory method. The content analysis started with the constitution and 9 upstream documents were analyzed until the subject saturation was reached. Axial coding formed 319 open codes, 83 sub-categories and 26 main categories, and the formation of a communication network between them determined the central phenomenon, causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences. The sustainable development of sports tourism was chosen as the central phenomenon and the model was compiled by communicating with other main categories. Causal conditions including the independence of the government budget from public wealth and anthropological foundations, background conditions including social considerations, stakeholder participation, policy and planning and resistance economy, intervening conditions including desirable governance, Iranian-Islamic culture and identity, national and international solidarity, financing, the structure of society, sense of place and attention to historical requirements were in development. Strategies include marketing, infrastructure development of welfare and accommodation services, transportation management, management of sports tourism facilities and businesses, environmental management, management and training of tourism human resources, protection of sports tourism resources, and management of science, technology and innovation. And the outcomes included "sustainability of environment, natural resources and energy", development of peace, balanced development, and well-being of the host community. The developed model can be implemented using legal protection
javad arbab; seyed reza hoseini
Abstract
The focus of the development policies of the capitalist economy on axial growth has seriously influenced the various approaches of spiritualism; Apart from the initial motivations for controlling the dangers of violent desires in promoting capitalist thought, the spread of emerging spiritualities, as ...
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The focus of the development policies of the capitalist economy on axial growth has seriously influenced the various approaches of spiritualism; Apart from the initial motivations for controlling the dangers of violent desires in promoting capitalist thought, the spread of emerging spiritualities, as well as the ever-increasing changes in the conceptual structure of spirituality, provided a good platform for turning spirituality an important tool for capitalist goals. Among these, the nature and manner of the interrelationships between spirituality and economic growth, as well as how they affect each other, are essential elements for understanding and analyzing the capitalist economy. In this article, by examining and analyzing the documents related to spiritualist approaches in the capitalist literature, the relations between them as well as the effect of spirituality and economic growth were explained. Accordingly, it became clear that growth-oriented policies in the capitalist literature, on the one hand, by abusing the personalized concepts of spirituality, provide the necessary basis for the commodification of spiritual elements and pursue human spiritual excellence through profit-oriented path. The pursuit of ostentatious consumption and the use of wealth to demonstrate power and superiority over the lower classes has turned capital not as a means of promoting social spirituality but as a means of domination. The results show that each of the elements of spirituality and growth independently exert significant effects on each other
mina saber; reza zeinalzadeh; Seyd Abdolmajid Jalaee Esfanadadi; mohsen Zayanderoody
Abstract
The impacts of shocks generated by macroeconomic growth scenarios (2 percent, 5 percent, and 10%) on the overall welfare index in Iran were explored in this study. The essential data were gathered from the social accounting matrix of 2011, the Central Bank, and the data-output table of 2016, and the ...
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The impacts of shocks generated by macroeconomic growth scenarios (2 percent, 5 percent, and 10%) on the overall welfare index in Iran were explored in this study. The essential data were gathered from the social accounting matrix of 2011, the Central Bank, and the data-output table of 2016, and the new recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium (RDCGE) model was employed for data analysis.The findings revealed that real GDP shocks of up to 2.66 percent result in an increase in Iran's social welfare index. Because growing real GDP through boosting economic capacity raises individual income in society and creates the circumstances for household well-being to improve. Furthermore, productivity shocks of total inputs of production of up to 1.55 percent raise the social welfare index. Because improving total factor productivity has resulted in a rise in output, which has a direct influence on household consumption owing to greater income and promotes economic well-being. Furthermore, the short-term reaction of the social welfare index to oil income shocks is a maximum of 0.81 percent. Because, on the one hand, more oil revenues contribute to increased economic growth, but on the other hand, they lead to the establishment of the Dutch illness. Finally, the data revealed that among the factors analysed, shock due to real GDP growth, shock due to total productivity growth, and shock due to oil revenue increase had the greatest influence on total wellfare.
Reza Ghaderi Moghaddam; Bijan Baseri; Nemat Falihi; Gholamreza Abbasi
Abstract
Energy plays a vital role in production and consumption of variouse activities. In Iran energy affect economic growth as an important input along with other production inputs and increase value added of industrial activities and services in nationalwide. In this study, we will test the asymmetric analysis ...
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Energy plays a vital role in production and consumption of variouse activities. In Iran energy affect economic growth as an important input along with other production inputs and increase value added of industrial activities and services in nationalwide. In this study, we will test the asymmetric analysis of the effect of energy consumption on economic growth with emphasis on financial development using the ARDL method. Based on a nonlinear and asymmetric relationship between energy consumption, financial development and economic growth, we found the nonlinear relationship of variables examine the period 1981-2020. So two different indicators were used for the examination of financial development variable (domestic credit to private sector to GDP and private sector liquidity to GDP).The results show an asymmetries relationship between economic growth, energy consumption and financial development.In the long run and short run, the positive shock of energy consumption and financial development has slowed down economic growth. Positive energy consumption shockleads to producers' efforts to reduce energy consumption and reduce economic growth in the short run. Also, any positive shock to financial development reduces economic growth in Iran. This reduces consumption and access to finance, and ultimately reduces investment activities.
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