behrouz sadeghi Amroabadi; vahid Kafili khajeh
Abstract
In economic literature, the subject of development has been of great importance for a long time. As the smallest social unit, the household is affected by the development indicators, and in turn, its mutations affect the development situation in any society. The purpose of this study is to investigate ...
Read More
In economic literature, the subject of development has been of great importance for a long time. As the smallest social unit, the household is affected by the development indicators, and in turn, its mutations affect the development situation in any society. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causality between the household dimension and economic development. For this purpose, the data of the last three censuses and statistical yearbooks were used to extract the size of the household and construct the development index for each province based on the TOPSIS method. Also, in order to investigate the causality, we used the panel causality test, presented by Emirmahmutoglu and Kose (2011) based on the vector autoregression (VAR) model and the Wald tests with bootstrap critical values specific to each sector. The causality results do not confirm the existence of causality from the household dimension to economic development, but the causality from economic development to the household dimension cannot be rejected. Also, the regression results based on panel data indicate a positive and significant relationship between the development variable and the household dimension.
Mehran Hafezi Birgani; Alireza Daghighi Asli; Mohammad Gholi Yousefi .; Marjan Daman Keshideh; Mohammad Teymour
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to optimize the production capacity of small and large industries. In this study, along with the econometric technique and using the costlog function of translog to estimate the production capacity of large and small industries in the years (2001-2018), was introduced. ...
Read More
The main purpose of this study is to optimize the production capacity of small and large industries. In this study, along with the econometric technique and using the costlog function of translog to estimate the production capacity of large and small industries in the years (2001-2018), was introduced. In order to determine the optimal level of production capacity in these industries with the two-digit code ISIC.Rev.2 and ISIC.Rev.3, which was used by the Statistics Center of the country, large workshops of 10 people and more. In this method, after collecting information and converting current prices to constant, the econometric technique is used, especially the method of logarithmic transcendental cost function. Findings obtained from the review of information in large industries indicate that the production level is 976456 million rials per year. And is confirmed by the analysis and shows that the optimal level of production and the minimizing point are a function of the total average cost. The average real output value of industrial enterprises in large industries at the production level is lower than the optimal value. The size of benefiting from the production capacity of these industries is 59%. The results obtained from the analysis in small industries show that; The actual production level is 614213 million rials per year, which indicates the minimizing point as a function of the average cost of all small industries. The average real output value of each industrial firm in the small industrial sector was 65,421 million rials per year, and these firms use only slightly more than 38.6% of their nominal capacity.
Mozhgan Moallemi
Abstract
The economic vulnerability of some countries stems from the fact that their economies are largely influenced by forces outside their control. Areas that are most affected by economic shocks should promote the position of a resilient economy in their policies. This paper tries to examine the impact of ...
Read More
The economic vulnerability of some countries stems from the fact that their economies are largely influenced by forces outside their control. Areas that are most affected by economic shocks should promote the position of a resilient economy in their policies. This paper tries to examine the impact of economic vulnerability on the development index of MENA countries in the 1995-2015 period using the econometric method and panel data approach. The results of the study indicate a negative and significant relationship between economic vulnerability and development index in the target countries. The innovation of this study is to calculate the impact of economic vulnerability in different countries. Iran is ranked sixth in terms of the fragility of the economy against economic shocks. Countries that are ranked worse are often those countries that either face political instability (domestic wars) or have a strong dependence on oil revenues. In this way, policies such as reducing dependence on oil revenues and paying attention to political stability are introduced as tools for controlling and strengthening the economy against external economic shocks.
ARDL
zahra karimi moughari; Mehrangiz Gholamreza
Abstract
The share of taxes to total public revenues differs among countries, and the main factors that have been discussed as the cause of the difference in the tax structure are the level of development of countries that are typically represented by gross domestic product per capita, productive expertise, or ...
Read More
The share of taxes to total public revenues differs among countries, and the main factors that have been discussed as the cause of the difference in the tax structure are the level of development of countries that are typically represented by gross domestic product per capita, productive expertise, or the structure of the economy; external factors such as the level of foreign direct investment and trade. The amount of public debt and public policies, including exchange rates, inflation and fiscal policies, government efficiency and organizational factors, such as political stability, accountability and transparency, civil and political rights, education levels, general expenses for education, etc, are also determinants of tax revenue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of development indicators on the tax revenues of Iran during the period of 1979-2017 based on the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) method. Based on the results of this study, the increase of per capita GDP in the country has a positive effect on the ratio of direct taxes to GDP, but has a negative and significant effect on the ratio of indirect tax to GDP. Also, the impact of the human development index on the ratio of direct taxes and indirect taxes to GDP is positive and significantand the effect of the index of inequality of income distribution, that is the Gini coefficient, on the ratio of direct taxes and indirect taxes to GDP, was negative and significant. Finally, the effect of the combined development index on the ratio of direct taxes to GDP as well as the ratio of indirect tax to GDP has been positive and significant. Also, the country's oil revenues have a negative and significant effect on the ratio of direct taxes and indirect taxes to GDP.
International Commerce
khadijeh nasrollahi; karim azarbaiejani; mohammadreza zeinolabedini
Volume 6, Issue 24 , September 2016, , Pages 39-54
Abstract
The aim of this study has been to evaluate the club convergence between Iran and its trading partners over the period 1978-2013. For this purpose, this paper has used log(t) test with the limited dependent variable. Then,by using a sequential dependent variable model, factors affecting the formation ...
Read More
The aim of this study has been to evaluate the club convergence between Iran and its trading partners over the period 1978-2013. For this purpose, this paper has used log(t) test with the limited dependent variable. Then,by using a sequential dependent variable model, factors affecting the formation of these club has been investigated and identified. According to estimated model in the form of panel data, a convergence club income between Iran and some of its trading partners has been confirmed. The results show that there are the potential for income convergence of Iran and Belize, Algeria, Egypt, Fiji, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Kiribati, Morocco, Nicaragua, Swaziland, Thailand, Tonga, Tunisia and Vietnam countries and they can form an effective economic block, and strength their internal relationships in order to achieve higher economic growth and faster convergence.
Asma Koochakzadeh; Sayyed Abdolmajid Jalaee
Volume 4, Issue 16 , November 2014, , Pages 20-11
Abstract
Volatility in currency exchange rate and the resulting uncertainty is one of the major variables in macroeconomics that affects different economic sectors in various aspects. Since these fluctuations and the resulting uncertainty do not affect all economic sectors in a similar way, this study aims to ...
Read More
Volatility in currency exchange rate and the resulting uncertainty is one of the major variables in macroeconomics that affects different economic sectors in various aspects. Since these fluctuations and the resulting uncertainty do not affect all economic sectors in a similar way, this study aims to investigate the effect of uncertainty in the actual currency exchange rate on development of economic sectors in Iran using combined data over the period between 1991 and 2011 through panel method. The results obtained from this study indicate that uncertainty in the exchange rate has negative and significant effects on development of economic sectors. This effect was higher in industry, mining, agriculture, transportation and communication, hotels and restaurants, and construction sector with -0.51, -0.40, -0.35, -0.27,-0.24, and -0.23 respectively.
ZahraMila Elmi; Kheizaran Roostaei Shalmani
Volume 4, Issue 14 , May 2014, , Pages 28-11
Abstract
Economic literature has shown significant attention towards the economical analysis of female participation rate since Mincer (1992) and Cain (1966). In the recent years, female participation rate increased considerably in the developed countries, while this rate had a little change in developing countries ...
Read More
Economic literature has shown significant attention towards the economical analysis of female participation rate since Mincer (1992) and Cain (1966). In the recent years, female participation rate increased considerably in the developed countries, while this rate had a little change in developing countries of Middle East and North of Africa like Iran. Hence, this study discusses the effects of economic development on female labor force participation rates in selected countries in MENA region in 1990-2010 within the framework of U-shaped hypothesis. In addition to the effects of economic development, other determinants of female labor force participation are also analyzed. To achieve this goal, the method of Fractional Panel Probit is used. In our best knowledge, this method is used for the first time for this issue. The estimation results suggest that relationship between economic development and the rate of female participation in MENA is U-shaped. Also, higher education has a significant and positive effect on the female participation rate. Unemployment and fertility rate reduce female participation rate in the labor market.
Hoda Zobeiri; Zahra Karimi Moghari
Volume 4, Issue 14 , May 2014, , Pages 62-39
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to combine two concepts of economy and society to analyze the economic development by a social approach. Social cohesion is the situation which all elements of society be joined in a manner that makes an effective union. In this research, the social cohesion index for 85 ...
Read More
The purpose of this paper is to combine two concepts of economy and society to analyze the economic development by a social approach. Social cohesion is the situation which all elements of society be joined in a manner that makes an effective union. In this research, the social cohesion index for 85 selected developed and developing countries during 2008-2010 are calculated using “equality of opportunity” and “social capital” components. Then the effect of social cohesion on economic development has been examined, using panel regression analysis. The findings show that social cohesion has a positive and significant effect on GDP per capita, technological innovation, effectiveness of government institutions, quality of development policies and finally political and social stability.
Mohammad Vaez Borzani Vaez Borzani; Mohammad Hasan Moshref Javadi; Azam Koohi Esfahani
Volume 2, Issue 6 , May 2012, , Pages 148-95
Abstract
Each country would follow an economic paradigm which is constructed on ethical values and epistemological foundations. Taking lessons from existing vast amount of theoretical and empirical researches in neoclassic paradigm and taking views on consistency of it with Islamic doctrine can appear as a road ...
Read More
Each country would follow an economic paradigm which is constructed on ethical values and epistemological foundations. Taking lessons from existing vast amount of theoretical and empirical researches in neoclassic paradigm and taking views on consistency of it with Islamic doctrine can appear as a road map to catch Iran an economic development. In this paper, the consistency between Neoclassic and Islamic Paradigms in three fields - implicit assumptions, explicit assumptions, and development mechanisms- have been compared by the use of content analysis method. The results show that, against specific aspects, there is no basic consistency between Neoclassic and Islamic Paradigms..
Elham Zokaii; Hassan Khodavaisi; Firouz Fallahi
Volume 2, Issue 5 , March 2012, , Pages 206-183
Abstract
Road traffic fatalities are a major problem for the whole world. This problem is very well-known for the Iranian society. In this paper we would like to examine the relationship between road traffic fatalities and economic development indicators in Iran during 2005-2008 for 30 Iranian provinces. ...
Read More
Road traffic fatalities are a major problem for the whole world. This problem is very well-known for the Iranian society. In this paper we would like to examine the relationship between road traffic fatalities and economic development indicators in Iran during 2005-2008 for 30 Iranian provinces. Many papers have been devoted to study this subject in both developed and developing countries. These papers concluded that at the very beginning stages of development, road traffic fatalities increase, but decline once income levels have exceeded a certain threshold level. This phenomenon resembles the Kuznets curve (1955) that explained income inequality and per capita income. Later on this idea has been expanded to explain the relationship between road traffic fatalities and economic growth which is known as inverted U shape Kuznets Curve. In this study we use panel data for 30 Iranian provinces and use Random Effects for Negative Binomial Regression to estimate the model. Our results confirm that there is indeed an inverted U shape relationship between economic growth and road traffic fatalities in Iran, and there is positive relationship between income inequality and road traffic fatalities in Iran.