Co2 Emissions
Somayeh Azami; Fatemeh Hosseini
Abstract
Clarifying the relationship between income inequality and carbon emissions can be a reference for achieving sustainable development and improving the income allocation mechanism. This study focuses on the provinces of Iran and first calculates the emission of carbon dioxide caused by the final energy ...
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Clarifying the relationship between income inequality and carbon emissions can be a reference for achieving sustainable development and improving the income allocation mechanism. This study focuses on the provinces of Iran and first calculates the emission of carbon dioxide caused by the final energy consumption of the provinces in the period of 2015-2016. By considering cross-sectional dependence, the long-run relationship between model variables is confirmed. Also, the results indicate the confirmation of spatial correlation. The estimation of the Spatial Durbin Model(SDM) in full dynamic case shows that lagged CO2 emission ( & ) positively and significantly affects the CO2 emission of the provinces. Spatial effects of lagged explanatory variables (production, energy intensity and Gini coefficient) are significant on CO2 emissions. The positive and significant spatial dependence coefficient indicates that the emission of CO2 in one province has a positive spillover effect on the emission of CO2 in neighboring provinces. Kuznets' environmental hypothesis is confirmed. Gini coefficient and energy intensity have a positive and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. Sustainable economic growth can be achieved by reducing energy intensity. Social equity reduces carbon emissions by redistributing income from rich to poor households. Therefore, implementing policies to improve income distribution and strengthening institutions that can help overcome income inequality by supporting the rights of poor people, along with reforming energy policies, can help improve the quality of the environment in Iran.
Income inequality
Mehdi zahed gharavi; Meisam Haddad; fatemeh sadeghpour; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
Abstract
Income distribution inequality is one of the challenges and problems of every economy. If the inequality of income distribution increases sharply, social discontent will be fueled and the risk of social and political unrest will increase sharply. Considering the importance of the relationship between ...
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Income distribution inequality is one of the challenges and problems of every economy. If the inequality of income distribution increases sharply, social discontent will be fueled and the risk of social and political unrest will increase sharply. Considering the importance of the relationship between economic growth and inequality of income distribution and the possibility of differences in this relationship in different countries, this research examines the relationship between economic growth and inequality of income distribution in developed and developing countries and transition economies with the Panel data method. reviewed in the period from 2003 to 2019. The findings of the research indicate that in developed countries the Kuznets U-shaped inverted curve has not been confirmed, but it has been confirmed in developing countries. Also, in transitioning economies, the relationship between economic growth and income distribution inequality is not secondary, but linear and inverse. The results of this study can be used in planning and making decisions for the distribution of income among different countries based on the degree of development and forecasting their economic growth.
Economic Growth
Esmaiel Abounoori; Mahboobeh Farahati
Volume 7, Issue 25 , November 2016, , Pages 37-50
Abstract
Is economic growth in Iran affected by post-Keynesian economists theory? Is it possible to overcome economic recession in Iran using the post-Keynesian approach? According to the post-Keynesian point of view, the economic growth is either wage-led or profit led. In other words, the functional distribution ...
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Is economic growth in Iran affected by post-Keynesian economists theory? Is it possible to overcome economic recession in Iran using the post-Keynesian approach? According to the post-Keynesian point of view, the economic growth is either wage-led or profit led. In other words, the functional distribution of income determines the economic growth variation path. In this paper considering profit share, capacity utilization, capital accumulation, and net export/GDP ratio during 1967-2013, economic growth path in Iran is determined using Structural Vector Auto Regression (SVAR) concerning the Impulse Response functions. The results show that increase in profit share increases capital accumulation, net export share of GDP and total demand or economic growth. Thus total demand regime or economic growth is profit-led. The result of this research approves the theoretical results of Bhaduri and Marglin (1990); concerning the income distribution effect on international trade in an open economy, the possibility of profit-led regime increases and may help to overcome the recession.
Hamid Sepehrdoust; Saber Zamani Shabkhaneh
Volume 5, 17(3) , December 2015, , Pages 70-57
Sadegh Bakhtiari; Homayoun Ranjbar; Somayeh Ghorbani
Volume 3, Issue 9 , April 2013, , Pages 58-41
Abstract
Today in economic studies, the composite index is often used for measuring economic welfare. One of the current and most comprehensive composite index for measuring level of economic well being is the one introduced by osberg (IEWB) and later have developed by the Centre for the Study of Living Standards ...
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Today in economic studies, the composite index is often used for measuring economic welfare. One of the current and most comprehensive composite index for measuring level of economic well being is the one introduced by osberg (IEWB) and later have developed by the Centre for the Study of Living Standards (CSLS). In this index, among the different economic variables that affect economic welfare, the most importance is given to the components related to four dimensions, namely consumption, wealth, income distribution and economic security. So in this study the IEWB as a comprehensive index of economic welfare has been chosen. This paper, for the first time, tries to introduce IEWB and applies it to the data for selected developing countries during the 2002 to 2007 period and results have been analyzed. The findings of this study indicate that during the period under consideration on average Morocco has the highest value of the IEWB index, and Bangladesh has the lowest one. In terms of rate of growth, Turkey has the highest and Bangladesh has the lowest rate of growth. Iran did not have a good position and ranked 8 among the countries under consideration.
Seyyed Abdolmajid Jalayee; Omid sattari
Volume 1, Issue 4 , December 2012, , Pages 144-117
Abstract
Globalization, the process of considerable increase in international trade, global exchanges and markets’ integration as a fundamental characteristic, are emerging inevitably. Investigating the way in which this process affects economic variables, can be a guidance of decision making for policy ...
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Globalization, the process of considerable increase in international trade, global exchanges and markets’ integration as a fundamental characteristic, are emerging inevitably. Investigating the way in which this process affects economic variables, can be a guidance of decision making for policy makers. Considering structural economic differences between urban and rural societies in Iran and using 1350-1386 Iran’s economy dataset, first we compared the efficiency of VAR and VEC models with artificial neural network (ANN) approach in forecasting measure of income distribution inequality of urban societies and finally the best model (ANN) has used as an out-of-sample forecasting tool in different designed scenarios from 1387 to 1395. Choosing ANN model, decrease in urban societies’ income inequality during globalization process, is the main result.
Nasim Jaberi Khosroshahi; Mohammad Reza Mohamadvand Nahidi; Davood Noroozi
Volume 2, Issue 6 , May 2012, , Pages 208-173
Abstract
Income distribution is one of the policymakers concerns. So it is important to investigate its determinants. Considering that financial development is one of the effective factors on income distribution, we decide to investigate its effect on income distribution during 1973-2008 using Autoregressive ...
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Income distribution is one of the policymakers concerns. So it is important to investigate its determinants. Considering that financial development is one of the effective factors on income distribution, we decide to investigate its effect on income distribution during 1973-2008 using Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL). Results show that the relationship between financial development and Gini coefficient is positive and reducing so support the Green-Jovanovic (1990) hypothesis. The relationship between GDP per capita and Gini coefficient is positive and reducing too. Also human capital has negative and significant impact and inflation has positive and significant impact on Gini coefficient. CUSUM and CUSUMSQ structural stability tests show that the estimated coefficients are stable over the studying period.
