Mena Countries Group
Saeede Seydabadi; Ali Dehghani; Mohammd Ali Molaei
Abstract
Poverty is one of the most important economic issues in developing countries such as MENA. Poverty causes many social problems such as drug trafficking, theft, prostitution and corruption. On the other hand, corruption is a major problem in developing countries. Corruption destroys resources as well ...
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Poverty is one of the most important economic issues in developing countries such as MENA. Poverty causes many social problems such as drug trafficking, theft, prostitution and corruption. On the other hand, corruption is a major problem in developing countries. Corruption destroys resources as well as impedes the optimal allocation of resources. Statistics show that Iran is at a disadvantage both in terms of poverty and corruption. Therefore, considering the importance of fighting poverty and corruption, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of poverty on corruption. The Human Development Index was used to measure poverty and the World Bank Corruption Control Index was used to measure corruption. The Bayesian Hierarchical method was used to estimate regression. The results showed that the variables of economic growth, and human development index have a negative impact and the variables of trade freedom index, foreign direct investment, and the share of government spending in GDP have a positive effect on corruption.
Elham Nobahar; Fahmideh Ghorbani
Abstract
Migration is one of the main drivers of population changes and has many positive and negative effects in short and long term, and these impacts change the social and economic structure within the migrant areas. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between net migration, income ...
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Migration is one of the main drivers of population changes and has many positive and negative effects in short and long term, and these impacts change the social and economic structure within the migrant areas. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between net migration, income inequality and poverty in Iran. In this study, spatial causality method was used to consider the spatial characteristics of variables. The statistical population includes all the cities of Iran during the period 2006-2016. The results of this study show that the causality between net migration and income inequality is unilateral, from net migration to income inequality. Also, estimation of income inequality model by using spatial econometric method shows that the relationship between net migration and income inequality is inverse and significant. In other words, migration increases income inequality in origin cities and reduces income inequality in destination cities. The result of the spatial causality test between net migration and poverty shows that there is no causal relationship between the two variables at the study period.
Industry
Shaban Mostafaei; Farhad kashi; Yeganeh Mousavi Jahromi
Abstract
Regarding the importance of poverty as one of the important issues in the development economics literature, the present study addresses the factors affecting poverty by emphasizing the role of industrial development in the provinces of Iran, during the period from 2004 to 2015. The application of spatial ...
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Regarding the importance of poverty as one of the important issues in the development economics literature, the present study addresses the factors affecting poverty by emphasizing the role of industrial development in the provinces of Iran, during the period from 2004 to 2015. The application of spatial models is desirable in regional science research based on regional sample data that has a spatial component. Therefore, in this research, spatial panel econometric models are used for model estimation. Foster, Greer and Thorbecke Index for poverty and the variables of industry's per capita value added, the depth of industrial activities (the ratio of industrial employment to the number of industrial workshops), the concentration index, and the relative regional advantage as indicators of industrial development, have been used along with the indicators of inequality and inflation in the research model. In the first scenario, the concentration index was used and in the second scenario, the relative regional advantage index was used. Findings of two research scenarios with spatial panel model indicate the positive effect of inequality, inflation and the concentration ratio on poverty as well as the negative impact of industry per capita value added, the depth of industrial activities and relative advantage based on employment on poverty. However, the regional relative advantage variables were not significant on the basis of added value, and industrial exports and human development index were not significant in the model. The results of spatial overflow effects indicate that poverty in the provinces is influenced by independent variables in neighboring provinces. It is suggested that industry sector policies be taken into account in order to increase the share of industry in domestic production.
Income inequality
Mirnaser Mirbagheri Hir; siyamak shokohifard
Volume 7, Issue 25 , November 2016, , Pages 97-112
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of financial development on income inequality and poverty in selected Islamic countries. The selected countries include: Iran, Indonesia, Jordan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Egypt, Morocco, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and ...
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of financial development on income inequality and poverty in selected Islamic countries. The selected countries include: Iran, Indonesia, Jordan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Egypt, Morocco, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Libya. This study used the combined data methods to test the research hypotheses during the period 2000-2014. According to survey results, the coefficient of financial development in the Gini coefficient equation (-0.068) shows that financial sector development in Islamic countries has reduced income inequality. The effect of financial development on poverty is positive and significant at 5% level. Based on these results a percentage increase in the index of financial development, will lead to increased consumption per capita cost at 0.4 percent and reduce poverty in Islamic countries.
Abolfazl Mahmoodi
Volume 4, Issue 13 , January 2014, , Pages 60-43
Abstract
Estimation of the poverty line (A minimum subsistence) to determine the minimum required contribution to the implementation of poverty alleviation programs is essential. In this study, using a linear expenditure system (LES) and the results of surveys of household spending in urban areas during the period ...
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Estimation of the poverty line (A minimum subsistence) to determine the minimum required contribution to the implementation of poverty alleviation programs is essential. In this study, using a linear expenditure system (LES) and the results of surveys of household spending in urban areas during the period from 2005 to 2010, relative poverty and poverty indices were calculated. Equations of linear expenditure system for the commodity groups were system estimated method by using ISURE. Monthly poverty line in urban areas raised from 4500884 RLS in 2005 to 9197571 RLS in 2010 for 4-person household. The results indicate the relative poverty line, has increased 17% annually. By quadratic and Beta Lorenz curves fitting, poverty indicators and the Gini coefficient were calculated. Real income inequality indicators show worsening of income distribution over the years due to inflation. It is suggested that the appropriate measures to be taken to inhibition of inflation in the country and the protection of vulnerable groups and poverty alleviation programs could be more effective.
