Elham Nobahar; Fahmideh Ghorbani
Abstract
Migration is one of the main drivers of population changes and has many positive and negative effects in short and long term, and these impacts change the social and economic structure within the migrant areas. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between net migration, income ...
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Migration is one of the main drivers of population changes and has many positive and negative effects in short and long term, and these impacts change the social and economic structure within the migrant areas. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between net migration, income inequality and poverty in Iran. In this study, spatial causality method was used to consider the spatial characteristics of variables. The statistical population includes all the cities of Iran during the period 2006-2016. The results of this study show that the causality between net migration and income inequality is unilateral, from net migration to income inequality. Also, estimation of income inequality model by using spatial econometric method shows that the relationship between net migration and income inequality is inverse and significant. In other words, migration increases income inequality in origin cities and reduces income inequality in destination cities. The result of the spatial causality test between net migration and poverty shows that there is no causal relationship between the two variables at the study period.
Income inequality
Ali Sarkhosh Sara; Khadije Nasrollahi; Karim Azarbaiejani; Rasoul Bakhsi Dastjerdi
Abstract
Reduction of inequality and social justice by balancing the distribution of income and wealth is one of the concerns of economic policy makers and has been underlined by the constitution law in Iran. In the meantime, the explanation of the relationship between inequality and the factors affecting it ...
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Reduction of inequality and social justice by balancing the distribution of income and wealth is one of the concerns of economic policy makers and has been underlined by the constitution law in Iran. In the meantime, the explanation of the relationship between inequality and the factors affecting it has been a challenging area of economic debate in recent decades, and despite extensive research in this area, there are still many ambiguous issues in this regard. In this regard, in recent years, a new hypothesis has been presented by the French economist Thomas Piketty. In his analysis, Piketty's main factor of inequality is the gap between the rate of return on capital and the economic growth rate (r-g). But, despite offering logical explanations consistent with changes in the patterns of inequality, no empirical test has been done for the scientific-theoretical chain. Therefore, the question arises as to how much Piketty's hypothesis is empirically convincing and capable of explaining the rise of inequality for different countries? For this purpose, this paper, using the Structural Vector Autoregressive pattern (SVAR), analyzes the factors affecting income inequality in Iran within the framework of Thomas Piketty's perspective during the period of 1973-2016. The results of this study showed that the increase of gap (r-g) has no positive and significant relationship with the increase of inequality and share of capital from national income in Iran and there is no evidence to confirm Piketty's hypothesis in Iran.
s
Mohammad Jafari
Volume 8, Issue 29 , December 2017, , Pages 61-76
Abstract
Due to the important role of economic globalization in income inequality of countries, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the non-linear impact of economic globalization on income inequality in Iran during 1979-2014. For this purpose, is used the smooth transition regression (STR) model. The ...
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Due to the important role of economic globalization in income inequality of countries, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the non-linear impact of economic globalization on income inequality in Iran during 1979-2014. For this purpose, is used the smooth transition regression (STR) model. The estimated Smooth Transition Regression (STR) model supports a nonlinear threshold behavior in the relationship between economic globalization and income inequality in the country in a two regime structures with positive effect and a threshold level of about 26/15%. so that increases the intensity of this positive impact with crossing threshold level and entering the second regime.
s
Mohammad Mahdi Bargi Oskooee; Mohammad Khodaverdizadeh; Saber Khodaverdizadeh; Ali Vafamand
Volume 7, Issue 27 , July 2017, , Pages 65-80
Abstract
This paper investigates the threshold effects of income inequality on economic growth in developing countries for the period of 2000 to 2012, using Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model. The linearity test results indicate strongly nonlinear relationship among variables under consideration. ...
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This paper investigates the threshold effects of income inequality on economic growth in developing countries for the period of 2000 to 2012, using Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model. The linearity test results indicate strongly nonlinear relationship among variables under consideration. Moreover, considering one transition function and one threshold parameter, as a two regime model, is sufficient to specification of nonlinear relationship among variables.The results indicate thatthreshold value for developing countries is 0.43 and the estimated slopeparameter is 0.35. In the first regime the impact of income inequality is positive and in the second regime has a negative impact on economic growth. human capital in the both regimes has symmetric and consistent effect on economic growth. Other results indicate that population growth and trade openness had been asymmetric effect on economic growth in the both regimes.
Income inequality
Mirnaser Mirbagheri Hir; siyamak shokohifard
Volume 7, Issue 25 , November 2016, , Pages 97-112
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of financial development on income inequality and poverty in selected Islamic countries. The selected countries include: Iran, Indonesia, Jordan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Egypt, Morocco, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and ...
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of financial development on income inequality and poverty in selected Islamic countries. The selected countries include: Iran, Indonesia, Jordan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Egypt, Morocco, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Libya. This study used the combined data methods to test the research hypotheses during the period 2000-2014. According to survey results, the coefficient of financial development in the Gini coefficient equation (-0.068) shows that financial sector development in Islamic countries has reduced income inequality. The effect of financial development on poverty is positive and significant at 5% level. Based on these results a percentage increase in the index of financial development, will lead to increased consumption per capita cost at 0.4 percent and reduce poverty in Islamic countries.
Ali Hussein Samadi; Zahra Dehghan Shabani; Atefeh Moradi Kouchi
Volume 5, Issue 19 , June 2015, , Pages 72-57
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of income inequality on economic growth in 28 provinces of Iran during 2000-2011 by using Geographically Weighted Regressions (GWR) and Dynamic Panel Data (DPD) models. This paper has tried to study the spatial heterogeneity among 28 provinces in Iran by ...
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The aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of income inequality on economic growth in 28 provinces of Iran during 2000-2011 by using Geographically Weighted Regressions (GWR) and Dynamic Panel Data (DPD) models. This paper has tried to study the spatial heterogeneity among 28 provinces in Iran by using the Mont-Carlo and Inter-quartile tests. The results show that spatial heterogeneity exists for income inequality, human capital and logarithm of real per capita income. This paper is focused on geographic weighted model that contain spatial heterogeneity. The empirical results of GWR and DPD models have shown that income inequality has a negative effect on economic growth in Iran.
Komeil Tayeby; bahare Maleki
Volume 1, Issue 4 , December 2012, , Pages 36-11
Abstract
This paper has studied the effect of trade openness on income inequality in Iran and its ten major trading partners during the period 1990-2006. Following Spilimbergo and Londono (1999), the paper has specified an econometric model to explore the effect of trade openness on income inequality through ...
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This paper has studied the effect of trade openness on income inequality in Iran and its ten major trading partners during the period 1990-2006. Following Spilimbergo and Londono (1999), the paper has specified an econometric model to explore the effect of trade openness on income inequality through focusing on relative production endowments, which include capital, agricultural land and human resources, including uneducated, elementary-secondary and higher educated labor force. The specified model has been estimated by the panel data approach over 1990-2006. The empirical results reveal the fact that trade openness increases inequality in those countries which have a higher rate of uneducated labor.
Economic Growth
Reza Akbarian; Mahsa Famkar
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2012, , Pages 185-161
Abstract
This paper examines the association of income inequality and economic growth with public expenditures on education as an intermediary factor in Iran. Time series data from 1974-2005 and two stage least squares (2sls) method are used to estimate a simultaneous equation system. Public expenditures on education ...
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This paper examines the association of income inequality and economic growth with public expenditures on education as an intermediary factor in Iran. Time series data from 1974-2005 and two stage least squares (2sls) method are used to estimate a simultaneous equation system. Public expenditures on education and economic growth are dependent variables and population density, human capital, past public expenditures on education and income inequality are considered as explanatory variables in the model. The results are as follows: 1-There is a negative association between income inequality and economic growth with or without public expenditures on education as an intermediary factor. 2-Public expenditures on education are negatively associated with economic growth. 3-Although the sign of past public expenditures on education with public expenditures as an intermediary factor is positive, but the coefficient of past public expenditures on education is not significant in the growth rate equation. So a judgement can not be made about its relationship with economic growth.
