Yaghob Fatemi Zardan; Mohammad Hassan Fotros; Hamid Sepehrdost; Mohsen Khezri
Abstract
One of the most important topics in economics is the study of utility and social welfare. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to derive the utility function and social welfare function of the provinces of Iran during 1380-1396. For this purpose, the regional utility function is used to extract the ...
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One of the most important topics in economics is the study of utility and social welfare. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to derive the utility function and social welfare function of the provinces of Iran during 1380-1396. For this purpose, the regional utility function is used to extract the utility of the provinces. To calculate these functions, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Panel data(pmg/ARDL) was used in Eviews 9 and Excel software. Then, the Bergson-Samuelson welfare function, which is computed as a sum of utility, was used to calculate the social welfare function. Finally, beta convergence method was used to investigate welfare convergence between provinces of the country. The results of the extraction of utility and social welfare function show that social welfare has been in steady growth in the period 1380-1386. After a slight decline in 1387, it increases again. In 1392, this growth stops and increases again in 1394 and 1395. This increase continues until 1394 and declines during the years of 1395 and 1396. Also, the results of beta convergence show that the provinces such as Chaharmahal-e-Bakhtiari, Qazvin, Lorestan and Kurdistan have the highest convergence rate, considering the Solow-Swan hypothesis, they are less welfare than other provinces and provinces such as Tehran, Isfahan, Hamedan and Markazi, which have lower convergence rates, have higher levels of welfare. While, the convergence rate for the country is -0.1718. This means that the entire provinces, on average, are moving toward an average welfare of 17.18% annually. Also, since the beta convergence coefficient for provinces and countries is between zero and negative one, the existence of convergence in provinces and countries is confirmed.
Ebrahim Moradi; Mosayeb Pahlavani; Ahmad Akbari
Volume 5, 17(3) , December 2015, , Pages 90-79
Abstract
Producers, who have lower efficiency in wheat production, can use the experiences of other producers and increase their efficiency over time. based on existing theories, probably producers with low initial levels of efficiency will have grown their efficiency faster than producers that have high levels ...
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Producers, who have lower efficiency in wheat production, can use the experiences of other producers and increase their efficiency over time. based on existing theories, probably producers with low initial levels of efficiency will have grown their efficiency faster than producers that have high levels of efficiency and a convergence over time will be between them. To investigate the convergence of cost efficiency, information on input prices, yield per hectare and production cost per hectare for irrigated wheat, were collected for 28 provinces in a 10-years period. By studying different methods of stochastic frontier cost function with panel data, "true random effects Model" of stochastic frontier method was selected. The model was estimated by using Simulation Halton method. Then Cost efficiency was calculated for each province. Beta and Sigma convergence test was conducted on cost efficiency. Results show that, changes of land rent (price) has the greatest impact and changes in the price of fertilizer per hectare has the lowest impact on production cost per hectare. Also, we find that There is Beta convergence (convergence of efficiency increase over initial levels) and Sigma convergence (convergence dispersion efficiency over time), between different provinces to improve cost efficiency in wheat production.
D-8 Countries
Rouhollah Bayat; elham sadeghian
Volume 6, Issue 21 , November 2015, , Pages 92-79
Abstract
On the one hand, D-8 countries due to their membership in the WTO, are considered as a competitor in the field of world trade, but on the other hand as an opportunity to transfer capital and technology for Iran. Because of this, the current study based on relevant conventional indices from various aspects ...
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On the one hand, D-8 countries due to their membership in the WTO, are considered as a competitor in the field of world trade, but on the other hand as an opportunity to transfer capital and technology for Iran. Because of this, the current study based on relevant conventional indices from various aspects dealt with assessment of trade capacities between Iran and other D-8 countries. The cosine measure showed that the degree of the similarity and complementary of Iran’s bilateral trade with Turkey, Bangladesh, Indonesia and Malaysia is high. Iran has also exporting high degree of the similarity with Pakistan's imports. In contrast, Egypt and Iran have the lowest potential for business development. Also, based on calculations of commercial potential ; Iran has high bilateral trade capacity with Turkey, Indonesia and Malaysia and has high export potential with Pakistan. On the other hand, Iran is the only country with a high importing capacity with Bangladesh. Also, based on revealed comparative advantage index, Pakistan, Egypt, Turkey, Indonesia, Malaysia, Iran, Bangladesh and Nigeria are the first to the eighth rank of comparative exports advantage in terms of variety of commodity groups. Results of the Drysdale index is also indicate the possibility of trade development between Iran, Indonesia and Pakistan.