ARDL
zahra karimi moughari; Mehrangiz Gholamreza
Abstract
The share of taxes to total public revenues differs among countries, and the main factors that have been discussed as the cause of the difference in the tax structure are the level of development of countries that are typically represented by gross domestic product per capita, productive expertise, or ...
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The share of taxes to total public revenues differs among countries, and the main factors that have been discussed as the cause of the difference in the tax structure are the level of development of countries that are typically represented by gross domestic product per capita, productive expertise, or the structure of the economy; external factors such as the level of foreign direct investment and trade. The amount of public debt and public policies, including exchange rates, inflation and fiscal policies, government efficiency and organizational factors, such as political stability, accountability and transparency, civil and political rights, education levels, general expenses for education, etc, are also determinants of tax revenue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of development indicators on the tax revenues of Iran during the period of 1979-2017 based on the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) method. Based on the results of this study, the increase of per capita GDP in the country has a positive effect on the ratio of direct taxes to GDP, but has a negative and significant effect on the ratio of indirect tax to GDP. Also, the impact of the human development index on the ratio of direct taxes and indirect taxes to GDP is positive and significantand the effect of the index of inequality of income distribution, that is the Gini coefficient, on the ratio of direct taxes and indirect taxes to GDP, was negative and significant. Finally, the effect of the combined development index on the ratio of direct taxes to GDP as well as the ratio of indirect tax to GDP has been positive and significant. Also, the country's oil revenues have a negative and significant effect on the ratio of direct taxes and indirect taxes to GDP.
ARDL
alireza erfani; Abedin Hosseini; hamid maleki
Volume 5, Issue 20 , August 2015, , Pages 61-45
Abstract
The main goal of this study is survey and testing effects of asymmetric exchange rate fluctuations (in terms of positive and negative momentum) on private sector investment in Iran. At first, for exchange rate shocks, we used Hodrick-Prescott filter and positive and negative predicted and non-predicted ...
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The main goal of this study is survey and testing effects of asymmetric exchange rate fluctuations (in terms of positive and negative momentum) on private sector investment in Iran. At first, for exchange rate shocks, we used Hodrick-Prescott filter and positive and negative predicted and non-predicted shocks have been obtained. In addition, in specification of private sector investment equation, the effect of other variables such as gross domestic product (without oil) and public investment has been considered. For this purpose, using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag method (ARDL) and Error Correction Model (ECM), long run and short run relationship between private sector investment and factors affecting it during the years 1978 to 2010 have been evaluated. the results show that there is an asymmetric effects of exchange rate fluctuations on private sector investment but exchange rate positive shocks are more effective than negative shocks.
Infrastructure
Reza Akbarian; Ali Ghaedi
Volume 1, Issue 3 , January 2012, , Pages 48-11
Abstract
One of the economic goals in many countries is providing favorable conditions to boost economic growth. One of the favorable conditions for increasing the production and economic growth is investment in economic infrastructures. In general, investment in economic infrastructures, boost production and ...
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One of the economic goals in many countries is providing favorable conditions to boost economic growth. One of the favorable conditions for increasing the production and economic growth is investment in economic infrastructures. In general, investment in economic infrastructures, boost production and economic growth through increasing the factors such as: productivity, development of market area, equilibrium between supply and demand, creating positive externality effects, making better environment for competition and increasing the welfare level. The objectives of this study are investigating the effect of investment per worker in economic infrastructures on the non-oil gross domestic production per worker and investigating the interaction of capital per worker, non-oil economic growth per worker and investment per worker in economic infrastructures. Vector autoregressive model has been used for empirical investigation during the period of 1961-2006. The empirical results of this study show that in long run the effect of investment per worker in the economic infrastructures on the non-oil gross domestic production per worker is positive and investment per worker in the communication infrastructures has the highest effect and investment per worker in energy infrastructure has the lowest effect on the non-oil domestic production per worker. Empirical results also show that in short run the relationship between non-oil economic growth per worker and investment growth per worker in the economic infrastructures is insignificant, but the effect of capital growth per worker on the non-oil economic growth per worker and investment per worker in the infrastructures is significant and positive.
Economic Growth
Mahdi Fadaee; Somayeh Nayeri
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2012, , Pages 159-133
Abstract
In economic growth and development analysis, cultural change has a special situation. Cultural indicators can affect on production factors and economic growth endogenously and exogenously. Nowadays, in economic literature capital divided to: Physical, Human, Cultural, Social and Natural capital. In this ...
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In economic growth and development analysis, cultural change has a special situation. Cultural indicators can affect on production factors and economic growth endogenously and exogenously. Nowadays, in economic literature capital divided to: Physical, Human, Cultural, Social and Natural capital. In this research, first, we survey cultural indicators, and then point to production factors especially on capital and theatrically factors and GDP. In this research we used Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to analyze short and long run relations between variables and then test the stability of model by CUSUM and CUSUMQ. Error Correction model (ECM) model is used to show how the short run shocks justify in next periods. Findings show that the model was stable and cultural indicators during 1975-2005 had significant and positive effect on economic growth of Iran.
