Co2 Emissions
Somayeh Azami; Fatemeh Hosseini
Abstract
Is income equality-environmental quality a win-win or a trade-off situation? The answer to this question has important implications for economic and environmental policies. Clarifying the relationship between income inequality and carbon emissions can be a reference for achieving sustainable development ...
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Is income equality-environmental quality a win-win or a trade-off situation? The answer to this question has important implications for economic and environmental policies. Clarifying the relationship between income inequality and carbon emissions can be a reference for achieving sustainable development and improving the income allocation mechanism. This study focuses on the provinces of Iran and analyzes this relationship with spatial econometrics in the period of 2007-2015. The results of the cointegration test confirm the long-term relationship between the variables of the model by considering cross-sectional dependence. Also, the results indicate the confirmation of spatial correlation. The estimation of the Spatial Durbin Model shows that the coefficients of time lagged CO2 emissions and time-spatial lagged CO2 emissions are positive and significant, which is a confirmation of the full dynamics of the model. The spatially lagged independent variables (production, energy intensity and Gini coefficient) are significant on CO2 emissions. The positive and significant spatial dependence coefficient indicates that the emission of CO2 in one province has a positive spillover effect on the emission of CO2 in neighboring provinces. Kuznets' environmental hypothesis is confirmed. Gini coefficient and energy intensity have a positive and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. Sustainable economic growth can be achieved by reducing energy intensity. Social equity reduces carbon emissions by redistributing income from rich to poor households. Therefore, implementing policies to improve income distribution and strengthening institutions that can help overcome income inequality by supporting the rights of poor people, along with reforming energy policies, can help improve the quality of the environment in Iran.
Somayeh Azami; Hamid Rahmani; Sohrab Delangizan
Abstract
The empirical test of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis plays an important role in designing a macroeconomic model for sustainable economic development; The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between growth and carbon dioxide emissions, emphasizing the role of renewable ...
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The empirical test of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis plays an important role in designing a macroeconomic model for sustainable economic development; The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between growth and carbon dioxide emissions, emphasizing the role of renewable and fossil energy consumption in developing and developed countries. For this purpose, 26 developed countries and 41 developing countries have been considered in the period of 2000-2021. The results of the Westerland cointegration test (with cross-sectional dependence between countries) in developed countries and the Kao cointegration test (without cross-sectional dependence between countries) in developing countries indicate the existence of a long-term relationship between model variables in both groups of countries. FGLS and PCSE estimators show that in both groups of countries, renewable energy consumption has a positive and significant impact on the quality of the environment, and the absolute value of this impact is greater in developed countries than in developing countries, while this result for Fossil energy is the opposite. The N-shaped growth-pollution relationship is confirmed in both groups of countries. Therefore, it cannot be expected that pollution emissions will decrease in the long term with the increase in production. Therefore, the claim that "economic growth is both the cause and the solution of environmental destruction" is doubtful. This study highlights the importance of promoting green energy in order to achieve sustainable development and combat global warming.
