Dynamic Panel Data
Fariba Hosseini Maram; احمد سرلک; Golamali Haji
Abstract
Economic growth is affected by the speed of and innovation. This is possible due to the rapid evolution of technology, shorter product life cycle. Corruption is also one of the most important challenges affecting the development prospects of countries at the national and international levels. Corruption ...
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Economic growth is affected by the speed of and innovation. This is possible due to the rapid evolution of technology, shorter product life cycle. Corruption is also one of the most important challenges affecting the development prospects of countries at the national and international levels. Corruption is affected by several factors, such as innovation, population, volume of government activities, human development index, degree of commercial openness, rent of natural resources, etc. Also, corruption is influenced by international conditions and spillover from other regions, especially neighboring countries. Countries with common borders have similar characteristics and lead to similar behaviors that can affect corruption. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the factors affecting corruption with an emphasis on innovation for the country of Iran and six neighboring countries with a land border with Iran, using a dynamic spatial panel approach in the time period of 2008-2022. The results show that innovation and human development index have a negative effect on corruption in Iran and neighboring countries in the short and long term. The variable of the ratio of government expenditure to GDP in the short and long term has a positive relationship with corruption. The variables of corruption interval, spatial interval of corruption, population and rent of natural resources have a positive effect on corruption in Iran and neighboring countries, but they have different short-term and long-term effects on corruption.
Mena Countries Group
Saeede Seydabadi; Ali Dehghani; Mohammd Ali Molaei
Abstract
Poverty is one of the most important economic issues in developing countries such as MENA. Poverty causes many social problems such as drug trafficking, theft, prostitution and corruption. On the other hand, corruption is a major problem in developing countries. Corruption destroys resources as well ...
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Poverty is one of the most important economic issues in developing countries such as MENA. Poverty causes many social problems such as drug trafficking, theft, prostitution and corruption. On the other hand, corruption is a major problem in developing countries. Corruption destroys resources as well as impedes the optimal allocation of resources. Statistics show that Iran is at a disadvantage both in terms of poverty and corruption. Therefore, considering the importance of fighting poverty and corruption, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of poverty on corruption. The Human Development Index was used to measure poverty and the World Bank Corruption Control Index was used to measure corruption. The Bayesian Hierarchical method was used to estimate regression. The results showed that the variables of economic growth, and human development index have a negative impact and the variables of trade freedom index, foreign direct investment, and the share of government spending in GDP have a positive effect on corruption.
Pourya Esfahani
Volume 7, Issue 27 , July 2017, , Pages 157-170
Abstract
Corruption is defined as the manipulation of power by private and public authorities to achieve personal and individual goals. Many articles have been written about the factors formed corruption that a wide range of variables to be included. In this article we will examine the role of a factor in the ...
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Corruption is defined as the manipulation of power by private and public authorities to achieve personal and individual goals. Many articles have been written about the factors formed corruption that a wide range of variables to be included. In this article we will examine the role of a factor in the corruption forming that had not been studied yet. This factor is combining economic activities. The combining economic activities is defined by using of the ratio of the industrial value added in GDP and the ratio of the services sector value added in GDP. Also, the main purpose of this paper is to study the effect of combining economic activities on corruption, using the data for 60 developing countries from 1995 to 2014. In this regard, we use six variables including corruption, government size, democracy, GDP per capita, the ratio of the value added in the industrial sector to the GDP and the ratio of the value added in the service sector to the GDP. Our hypothesis is that combining economic activities is effective on corruption. In this paper, 2 GMM models are estimated. The results indicate that variables of democracy, GDP per capita and the ratio of the industrial sector to GDP has a positive relationship with corruption index. That is, an increase in these variables reduces the level of corruption. Also, the variables of government size and the ratio of service sector to GDP have a negative relationship with corruption index which means an increase in these two variables raises the level of corruption.
Dynamic Panel Data
Abbas Mirzaei; Reza Esfanjari Kenari; Abolfazl Mahmoodi; Mehdi Shabanzadeh
Volume 6, Issue 24 , September 2016, , Pages 107-118
Abstract
One of the major concerns for the future of human is living conditions on Earth. Environmental degradation by humans has caused to climate change in addition to vast reduction of natural resources. Recognition of environmental problems and factors is the first step in maintaining desirable biological ...
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One of the major concerns for the future of human is living conditions on Earth. Environmental degradation by humans has caused to climate change in addition to vast reduction of natural resources. Recognition of environmental problems and factors is the first step in maintaining desirable biological conditions. Accordingly, in present study, was investigated the effect of shadow economy on environmental pressures and also the role of political and administrative corruption level in this regard. For this purpose, the pressure on nature was measured by sum of energy, mineral, net forest depletions and carbon dioxide damage. Also, panel data of 15 MENA countries from 1999 to 2013 were used to test this relationship. The result showed that relationship between the shadow economy and the environmental pressure is positive and significant. As, a 1% increase in the size of shadow economy increases the pressure on nature to 3.19%. Also, the result showed that the relationship between the size of shadow economy and the pressure on nature are dependent on the levels of countries corruption, so that increase in the corruption level increases the effect of shadow economy on environmental pressures. Therefore, production in the shadow economy of countries causes failure to comply environmental regulations by firms and increase of environmental pressures.
Sohrab Delangizan; Mohammad Sharif Karimi; Zeinab Khalvandi
Volume 4, Issue 15 , August 2014, , Pages 104-87
Abstract
Financial corruption affects on economy’s health via different channels which the most important channel is distortions in the allocation of resources. On the other hand, the level of knowledge-based economy also can affect on behaviour of factors of production. An important question is whether ...
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Financial corruption affects on economy’s health via different channels which the most important channel is distortions in the allocation of resources. On the other hand, the level of knowledge-based economy also can affect on behaviour of factors of production. An important question is whether the level of knowledge-based economy can affect the relationship between corruption and economic growth? This study investigates the effect of financial corruption on economic growth for 138 countries over the period 2000 - 2011 by using the consolidated corruption perception indicator, the level of knowledge based economy indicator and economic growth and a dynamic panel model which called Generalized method of moments (GMM). The results of classification of countries show that, in the groups with high knowledge-based economy indicator, control of financial corruption has positive impact on economic growth but in the groups with moderate knowledge-based economy indicator, control of corruption, has negative impact on economic growth. Also, the results show that in the first group of countries, stability of corruption control policies has a positive impact on economic growth but in the second group of countries, it has a negative effect.
