Energy
azadeh mehrabian; Golestaneh Mehrdad; Roya Seifipour; Ali Akbar khosravinejad
Abstract
Energy security, as a key factor in economic growth, plays a crucial role in development, reducing economic uncertainties, and enhancing productivity. However, empirical evidence suggests that its impact on economic growth is not uniform across countries and may be influenced by the level of human development. ...
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Energy security, as a key factor in economic growth, plays a crucial role in development, reducing economic uncertainties, and enhancing productivity. However, empirical evidence suggests that its impact on economic growth is not uniform across countries and may be influenced by the level of human development. Accordingly, this study investigates the nonlinear relationship between energy security and economic growth, emphasizing the threshold role of the Human Development Index (HDI). To this end, a composite energy security index was first calculated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Subsequently, its effect on economic growth was estimated using a Panel Threshold Kink Model (PTKM). The sample comprises developed and developing countries over the period 2000 to 2023, a timeframe selected due to contemporary energy security concerns. The results indicate that the effect of energy security on economic growth depends on the level of human development. Specifically, after the HDI surpasses a certain threshold, the intensity of energy security’s impact on economic growth strengthens. The findings also reveal that countries with higher levels of human development characterized by greater human capital, better institutional quality, and superior technological capacity are more capable of harnessing the benefits of energy security. Overall, the results underscore the simultaneous importance of enhancing both energy security and human development in achieving sustainable economic growth.
Maryam Ramezani; Yeganeh Mousavi Jahromi; Mojgan Moallemy; Ali Reza Sharif Moghadasi
Abstract
Economic vulnerability, is a country’s structural feature, making it exposed by out-of-control economic exogenous variables.On the other hand, resilience stems from how macroeconomic policies are adopted.The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between sustainable development, ...
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Economic vulnerability, is a country’s structural feature, making it exposed by out-of-control economic exogenous variables.On the other hand, resilience stems from how macroeconomic policies are adopted.The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between sustainable development, vulnerability and resilience in the Iran's economy in the time period of 1391-1398.In this way, sustainable development consists of 5 Dimensions: Economic, Social, Environmental, Governance, Peripheral and also includes 44 variables as a sub-indicator of each development's dimension. It uses graph theory and Tarjan Algorithm for study the network structure of relationships between variables. The Algorithm identifies34 variables as the fundamental variables affecting economic resilience and vulnerability and introduces economic and governance Dimensions as control (major) Dimensions; Social, Environmental and Peripheral Dimensions as Contingent (minor) Dimensions.The results show that weakness of Iran's economy in this period was due to vulnerability and resilience in governance and economy Dimensions.Among the contingent Dimensions, the Peripheral dimension has the worst situation in terms of vulnerability and resilience.The innovation of this research is in studying the Dimensions of sustainable development and its effect on vulnerability and resilience, moreover graph theory has been used in order to study the influential variables for the first time in Iran. In this algorithm, without limiting the number of input variables, the phenomenon can be analyzed comprehensively. furthermore, a holistic table has been prepared, by focusing on the variables affecting the state of vulnerability and resilience in the theoretical foundations of the subject, that has not been shown in any other studies.
