Income inequality
Zahra Sadeghi Motamed; abolfazl shahabadi; hamid kordbacheh
Abstract
In the contemporary era, knowledge is recognized as a source of wealth for societies, and the role of new production factors in the production function is highly significant. The core of these new production factors is human beings; therefore, inequality can disrupt the process of economic growth and ...
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In the contemporary era, knowledge is recognized as a source of wealth for societies, and the role of new production factors in the production function is highly significant. The core of these new production factors is human beings; therefore, inequality can disrupt the process of economic growth and development by affecting individuals' motivation through these new production factors. Additionally, inequality has always been a key factor in development indicators. Thus, studying the determinants of income inequality is essential. In this regard, the present study uses a Dynamic Panel Data (DPD) model and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach to analyze the interactive effects of globalization and natural resource rents on income inequality in a selected group of countries from 2008 to 2020.The results indicate that the interaction between globalization and natural resource rents has a positive and significant effect on income inequality. It is suggested that by adopting a strategy of converting natural resources into sustainable and productive capital, while strengthening the economic structure for effective participation in the global economy, a stable income stream can be created to finance supportive policies.Furthermore, the findings show that gender inequality has a positive and significant impact on income inequality, while democracy has a negative and significant effect on income inequality. However, the impact of institutions on income inequality is negative but insignificant.
OPEC
Hoda Zobeiri; Mani Motameni; Atefeh Raeisi
Abstract
Natural resource rents theoretically can stimulate entrepreneurship as a production inputs. In other hands, natural resource rents can change intensives of potential entrepreneurs, reduce opportunity driven entrepreneurship and increase necessity driven entrepreneurship. However, necessity driven entrepreneurship ...
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Natural resource rents theoretically can stimulate entrepreneurship as a production inputs. In other hands, natural resource rents can change intensives of potential entrepreneurs, reduce opportunity driven entrepreneurship and increase necessity driven entrepreneurship. However, necessity driven entrepreneurship is not an unproductive activity, but its impact on economic growth and development is very different from entrepreneurial activities that are based on innovative ideas and technologies which determine the productive capabilities of an economy. This paper has examined the effect of natural resource rents on opportunity driven entrepreneurship and necessity driven entrepreneurship in 45 selected countries during 2008-2017 using GMM. The results show that natural resource rents have significant negative impact on opportunity entrepreneurship while it has significant positive impact on necessity entrepreneurship. Based on the results, oil rents managements along with control of corruption and improve institutional framework are necessary to increase opportunity entrepreneurship in oil rich countries.
