s
Mostafa Eskandari; Abbas Memarnejad; Hoseini Seyed Shamsoldin
Abstract
Monetary policies are a set of decisions and actions of the country's monetary authorities to influence the level of economic activities. The aim of the present study was to analyze the convergence of optimal monetary policies in the Iranian economy and welfare using the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium ...
Read More
Monetary policies are a set of decisions and actions of the country's monetary authorities to influence the level of economic activities. The aim of the present study was to analyze the convergence of optimal monetary policies in the Iranian economy and welfare using the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model. The research method is analytical-descriptive and applied. The implementation method was analyzed using data taken from the Statistical Center of Iran and the Central Bank. The results showed that this type of optimal monetary policies had a direct impact on the entire economy and welfare. The results showed that the Central Bank, by enacting optimal monetary policies, has created a significant impact on the rate of economic growth; during this period (1390-1401), economic growth has improved by 0.5%, 1.5% and 2%; Therefore, it can be stated that by adopting optimal monetary policies, total production increases and consequently the employment rate increases. The wage rate has been increasing; therefore, economic growth improves. By analyzing economic shocks, it can be stated that the entire economy is affected by these types of shocks; therefore, monetary policies should be adopted in a way that they do not have a negative impact on the economy. As stated in economic shocks, the shock caused by an increase in the exchange rate increases inflation and affects other economic variables. The shock caused by an increase in oil production and also increase in foreign assets cause economic growth.
ی
ehsan taheri; Hossein Sadeghi; lotfali agheli; alireza naseri
Abstract
Reduction in the access to health care services and spread of disease can have a negative effects on the economic growth and welfare of the community by reducing the labor force participation. Increasing government health expenditures is one of the ways to overcome these problems. However, implementing ...
Read More
Reduction in the access to health care services and spread of disease can have a negative effects on the economic growth and welfare of the community by reducing the labor force participation. Increasing government health expenditures is one of the ways to overcome these problems. However, implementing this policy, along with its positive effects, will have a negative impact on the effective labor supply of other sectors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate these effects using a computable general equilibrium model based on the 2011 social accounting matrix of Iran. The results showed that illness, reduced welfare and real GDP, but increasing government health expenditures, increased welfare in the short run and long run. Although effects on real GDP depend on the closure of labor market, so that in the situation of immobile labor force of the health sector, it is decreased, but with full labor mobility, it increased. So because of the positive welfare effects of government health expenditures, it is suggested that government still more invest in this sector. Also to reducing the costs and preventing the real GDP reduction it is necessary to provide the ground to increase labor force in the health sector in such a way as to the labor supply of other activities doesn’t decrease.
Income inequality
Maysam Rafeei; Mohamad Sayadi
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the short-term and long-term relationship between state fiscal policy (changes in capital and current expenditure) and social welfare. To this purpose, variables such as GDP, the Gini coefficient, the current and capital expenditures of government and ...
Read More
The main objective of this study was to investigate the short-term and long-term relationship between state fiscal policy (changes in capital and current expenditure) and social welfare. To this purpose, variables such as GDP, the Gini coefficient, the current and capital expenditures of government and social-welfare which have been achieved by converting the homogeneous Amartya Sen, are considered for the period 1971-2014.The result of Bound ARDL testing approach (has been extended by Pesaran and colleagues 2001), shows that although there is a direct relation between capital and current expenditure and social welfare in short-term, the social welfare has inverse relation with current expenditures and economic growth. The result also indicates a direct relation between social welfare and capital expenditure in long-term. These findings are consistent with the stylized facts of fiscal policy in Iran, including government capital expenditure budget failure to meet development goals and bring prosperity due to the fluctuations of the construction budget, delay in construction projects, incorrect selection of projects. Other results revealed that social welfare variable responses to short- term fluctuations in capital and current expenditure and economic growth and to distortion from long term equilibrium trends in the previous period of social welfare.
Sadegh Bakhtiari; Homayoun Ranjbar; Somayeh Ghorbani
Volume 3, Issue 9 , April 2013, , Pages 58-41
Abstract
Today in economic studies, the composite index is often used for measuring economic welfare. One of the current and most comprehensive composite index for measuring level of economic well being is the one introduced by osberg (IEWB) and later have developed by the Centre for the Study of Living Standards ...
Read More
Today in economic studies, the composite index is often used for measuring economic welfare. One of the current and most comprehensive composite index for measuring level of economic well being is the one introduced by osberg (IEWB) and later have developed by the Centre for the Study of Living Standards (CSLS). In this index, among the different economic variables that affect economic welfare, the most importance is given to the components related to four dimensions, namely consumption, wealth, income distribution and economic security. So in this study the IEWB as a comprehensive index of economic welfare has been chosen. This paper, for the first time, tries to introduce IEWB and applies it to the data for selected developing countries during the 2002 to 2007 period and results have been analyzed. The findings of this study indicate that during the period under consideration on average Morocco has the highest value of the IEWB index, and Bangladesh has the lowest one. In terms of rate of growth, Turkey has the highest and Bangladesh has the lowest rate of growth. Iran did not have a good position and ranked 8 among the countries under consideration.
