Income inequality
Mehdi zahed gharavi; Meisam Haddad; fatemeh sadeghpour; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
Abstract
Income distribution inequality is one of the challenges and problems of every economy. If the inequality of income distribution increases sharply, social discontent will be fueled and the risk of social and political unrest will increase sharply. Considering the importance of the relationship between ...
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Income distribution inequality is one of the challenges and problems of every economy. If the inequality of income distribution increases sharply, social discontent will be fueled and the risk of social and political unrest will increase sharply. Considering the importance of the relationship between economic growth and inequality of income distribution and the possibility of differences in this relationship in different countries, this research examines the relationship between economic growth and inequality of income distribution in developed and developing countries and transition economies with the Panel data method reviewed in the period from 2003 to 2019. The findings of the research indicate that in developed countries the Kuznets U-shaped inverted curve has not been confirmed, but it has been confirmed in developing countries. Also, in transitioning economies, the relationship between economic growth and income distribution inequality is not secondary, but linear and inverse. The results of this study can be used in planning and making decisions for the distribution of income among different countries based on the degree of development and forecasting their economic growth.
s
Somayeh Hasanvand; Mansour Zarra-Nezhad; Amir Hossein Montazer-Hojat
Volume 6, Issue 22 , January 2016, , Pages 118-103
Abstract
The shadow economy is a real phenomenon with significant and complex concepts that requires deep study and attention. For all the countries of the worldespecially developing countries which possess a more expanded volume of these activities, always there are concerns about the growing tendency of shadow ...
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The shadow economy is a real phenomenon with significant and complex concepts that requires deep study and attention. For all the countries of the worldespecially developing countries which possess a more expanded volume of these activities, always there are concerns about the growing tendency of shadow economy. Due to the hidden nature of the shadow economy and its unregistration, official statistics don’t reveal the exact status of the governmental economy and since these statistics are applied to policy- making, inexact figures and information can lead to inappropriate political responses. In the present paper, the aim is to investigate the effect of unemployment rate on the shadow economy in 67 developing countries in period of 1999-2009. The paper’s data analysis is System Generalized Method of Moments (System GMM) approach. By and large, the results of this approach show that in the countries under study the unemployment rate has a positive effect on the shadow economy.
