Haniyeh Sedaghat Kalmarzi; Shahram Fatahi; kiomars sohaili
Abstract
In this article, the interaction effects of growth and happiness in the framework of a dynamic simultaneous equations panel data model have been considered in the OPEC countries during the period of 2005–2016. Also, according to the resource curse hypothesis, the threshold effects of oil rent on ...
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In this article, the interaction effects of growth and happiness in the framework of a dynamic simultaneous equations panel data model have been considered in the OPEC countries during the period of 2005–2016. Also, according to the resource curse hypothesis, the threshold effects of oil rent on both economic growth and happiness have been tested. The estimation results have indicated that the first lag of happiness has had an insignificant positive impact on economic growth but the first lag of economic growth has had a significant negative impact on happiness. In other words, it can be argued that the benefits of economic growth in the oil oriented countries under this study are not uniformly distributed across all parts of society. Also, in the framework of the mentioned model, the effect of oil rent on happiness and economic growth has been threshold. In other words, before the threshold of 26.25% of the ratio of oil rents to GDP, the oil rent had a positive effect on economic growth, but after the threshold, it had a negative effect on economic growth, which indicates the phenomenon of resource curse in OPEC countries. A similar result has been obtained on the effect of oil rent on happiness, so that before the threshold of 26.92% of the ratio of oil rent to GDP, oil rent has had a positive and significant effect on happiness, but after exceeding this threshold, oil rents have had a negative effect on happiness, which could reflect the existence of the Easterlin paradox in the countries.
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fatemeh monadi; Kiomars Sohaili; Somaye Azami
Abstract
One of the important macroeconomic variables is national savings. National saving can be affected by several factors, one of these factors is population age structure. Scientific and quantitative determination of the impact of population age structure on national saving is an important issue that is ...
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One of the important macroeconomic variables is national savings. National saving can be affected by several factors, one of these factors is population age structure. Scientific and quantitative determination of the impact of population age structure on national saving is an important issue that is discussed in this paper. In this study relied on Ando and Modigliani's life-cycle hypothesis, has been analyzed the effect of population age structure transitions on national saving in Iran. For this purpose, a model is proposed to explain the national saving and demographic variables included in the model and coefficients have been estimated using an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL). National savings model consists of two equations, one of the equations represents the long-run equilibrium relationship and other indicates short-run dynamic. In addition, the method of error correction is used for determining the adjustment speed of dynamic model toward long run equilibrium. Annual time series data for the period 1984-2016 have been used. The findings show that the population age structure is an effective factor in formation of the national savings. Increasing the proportion of people in the age group 20 to 24 years reduces national saving. Against, increasing proportion of population aged 25 to 54 years, will increase in national savings. Most of the savings made by the group aged 35-44 years. On the other hand, the increase of population in the age group 55 years and more, again, reduces national saving.
