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fateme moghtadaei; Narges Salehnia
Abstract
Food security, as one of the pillars of sustainable development, depends on various factors.However, what can influence the intensity and direction of the impact of these factors is the level of innovation.Therefore,the present study investigated the impact of environmental, climatic, and economic variables ...
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Food security, as one of the pillars of sustainable development, depends on various factors.However, what can influence the intensity and direction of the impact of these factors is the level of innovation.Therefore,the present study investigated the impact of environmental, climatic, and economic variables on food security in the context of global innovation in 87 countries from 2012 to 2022.For this purpose, a panel smooth transition regression model was used and the threshold variable of the Global Innovation Index was considered.The results indicate a nonlinear relationship and confirms a model with a threshold and two regimes.The speed of adjustment is 3.8947,which indicates a smooth and gradual transition between regimes, and the location of the regime change is estimated to be 44.0173.The ecological footprint has a significant effect on food security in both regimes, but the intensity of its positive effect in the high regime is much greater than the negative effect in the low regime.Evapotranspiration in the low regime has a negative effect and in the high regime has a positive effect of food security.Urbanization in the low regime has a positive effect and in the high regime has a negative effect of food security.GDP has a positive effect on food security in both regimes, but this effect is greatly reduced in the high regime.Agricultural land has a positive effect only in the high regime and foreign direct investment has a negative effect on food security only in the low regime.
hamid khavari; Mohammad Ali Falahi; Narges Salehnia
Abstract
In Iran, oil supplies the needed fuel and is the main source of foreign exchange earnings. Thereby, any volatility in oil prices will affect Iran's foreign exchange earnings at first and economic growth through time. This study, using Structural Vector Auto Regression (SVAR) model, investigates the effects ...
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In Iran, oil supplies the needed fuel and is the main source of foreign exchange earnings. Thereby, any volatility in oil prices will affect Iran's foreign exchange earnings at first and economic growth through time. This study, using Structural Vector Auto Regression (SVAR) model, investigates the effects of oil price volatility on economic growth of Iran through some institutional, monetary and financial variables during the period 1981-2017. The results show that the impulse of oil price volatility has a negative reaction from the growth of production. The index of democracy's reaction to the oil volatility is negative and, given its direct relation to production growth, overall production growth is reduced. Similarly, as for the government expenditures, it leads to reduced production growth. But the M2 has a positive reaction to the volatility of world crude oil prices and also has a positive effect on the production growth in the short run. The results also show that the most important variable affecting production growth changes in both the short and long run is the impact of government expenditures changes. Then, for achieving sustainable growth and using private sector dynamics, the assignment of public sector companies to the private sector based on the Article 44 of the Constitution should be followed.
