Abstract
This study analyzes the impact of business cycles in the production sector on wealth inequality in 7 middle east oil countries over the period 2005–2023, using the PMG-ARDL model. To extract business cycle fluctuations, the asymmetric time-varying Christiano–Fitzgerald (CF) filter is employed, ...
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This study analyzes the impact of business cycles in the production sector on wealth inequality in 7 middle east oil countries over the period 2005–2023, using the PMG-ARDL model. To extract business cycle fluctuations, the asymmetric time-varying Christiano–Fitzgerald (CF) filter is employed, which allows for precise separation of short-term cyclical components from long-term economic trends. The PMG-ARDL model enables the investigation of the short and long-run effects of business cycles on wealth inequality. The findings reveal that, for the wealthiest groups (top 1% and top 10%), the business cycles have positive and significant effect on wealth share. In contrast, the middle and lower-income groups (middle 40% and bottom 50% wealth shares) the impact of business cycles is negative. Moreover, inflation exhibits heterogeneous effect across different social strata: this variable has positive effect on inequality among the upper classes, but exert significantly negative impacts on the lower classes, reflecting structural disparities and varied economic resilience. These results align with Piketty’s theory regarding the dominance of capital returns over economic growth, implying that growth without adequate redistributive policies may aggravate inequality. Based on these findings, policymakers are advised to prioritize smart taxation, strengthened social safety nets, and sustainable job creation for vulnerable groups to reduce inequality and enhance social welfare.
Co2 Emissions
Mehdi Fathabadi
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a serious threat to the sustainable development of Middle East countries, especially Iran. Therefore, in this article was analyzed the decoupling relationship between CO2 emissions energy-related and economic growth in 6 Middle East countries in period 1990-2019. First, CO2 ...
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Environmental pollution is a serious threat to the sustainable development of Middle East countries, especially Iran. Therefore, in this article was analyzed the decoupling relationship between CO2 emissions energy-related and economic growth in 6 Middle East countries in period 1990-2019. First, CO2 emissions driving mechanisms were quantified using Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method, and then decomposed into factors of CO2 emission coefficient, energy intensity, economic activity and population. The decoupling state findings using the Tapio model show that population and economic activities factors were main drivers of CO2 emissions in these countries. The results of decoupling elasticity showed that Iran was in a weak decoupling state in period of 1990-1999 and 2015-2019; It means the simultaneous increase of economic growth and carbon emissions, of course, by faster economic growth; Iran had also an expansive coupling state in period of 2000-2014, which indicates that CO2 emissions increase along economic growth. The UAE and Saudi Arabia have reached an ideal situation in recent years. These countries have moved from a negative decoupling and expansive coupling state to a strong decoupling state, where economic growth has been accompanied by a reduction in carbon emissions. The Kuwait and Turkey have been in weak decoupling and negative expansive decoupling states in the last 3 decades, in which economic growth was accompanied by an increase in carbon emissions. At the beginning, the Egypt has changed to a weak decoupling state and then moved to an expansive negative decoupling state.
total factor productivity of production؛
Mehdi Fathabadi
Volume 8, Issue 29 , December 2017, , Pages 156-145
Abstract
This study examines the impact of intellectual capital on changes in productivity and efficiency in Iran’s insurance firms for period 2008-2013. First, it estimated the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) and efficiency index with data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Second, this paper examines ...
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This study examines the impact of intellectual capital on changes in productivity and efficiency in Iran’s insurance firms for period 2008-2013. First, it estimated the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) and efficiency index with data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Second, this paper examines the impact of intellectual capital components (human capital, structural capital, financial capital) on changes in productivity and efficiency through panel data regressions. Our MPI findings indicate that most of insurance firms experienced decrease in productivity over the sample period; which it is due to decline in efficiency. The fixed effects estimation results reveal that intellectual capital and its individual components have significantly positive impacts on changes in productivity and efficiency of insurance firms. We suggest that general insurers in Iran should invest in intellectual capital, including improving their managerial skills, to gain sustainable growth in productivity. The findings of this study may lead to a better understanding of the relative changes in total productivity of general insurance firms. By identifying changes in efficiency and productivity, better management decisions can be made to achieve greater productivity.
