s
mohammad hasan fotros; sudeh ghodsi
Volume 7, Issue 27 , July 2017, , Pages 45-64
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to measure multidimensional poverty index (MPI) based on Alkire and Foster method and analyzing incidence and intensity of poverty in Iran in three dimensions for the period of 1989-2014. In this study, households’ income-expenditure raw data published by the ...
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The main objective of this paper is to measure multidimensional poverty index (MPI) based on Alkire and Foster method and analyzing incidence and intensity of poverty in Iran in three dimensions for the period of 1989-2014. In this study, households’ income-expenditure raw data published by the Statistical Center of Iran was used. The results show that the incidence and intensity and MPI are decreased in this period of study. The most incidence and intensity of poverty belongs to 1989. Also, the poverty incidence of rural areas is more than in urban areas in 1989, 1994, 1999, 2004, and 2014, but intensity of poverty in rural areas is more than urban areas in all years. Finally, the development plans have decreased MPI during all the period of 1989-2014.
International Commerce
Matin Borghei; Teymour Mohamadi
Volume 8, Issue 31 , June 2018, , Pages 45-60
Abstract
In this paper, for analysis of exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) to import prices, a structural dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model is used and exchange rate is considered as an endogenous variable not exogenous. Therefor we can calculate exchange rate pass-through conditional on each shock. ...
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In this paper, for analysis of exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) to import prices, a structural dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model is used and exchange rate is considered as an endogenous variable not exogenous. Therefor we can calculate exchange rate pass-through conditional on each shock. The advantage of this approach is that it shows to policy makers that ERPT conditional on each shock is different and policy maker should take the cause of the change, into account. Hence a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model for Iran is presented and calibrated. Then by impulse response functions, ERPT conditional on different shocks (technology, oil revenues, foreign output, money demand, foreign interest rates and monetary policy shocks) has derived. Also, a test for the effects of the changes in variance of each shock on the degree of conditional ERPT has been performed. The standard deviations of the shocks affect the scale of the impulse-response functions, but not their shape. This means that the relative magnitude ofthese responses and conditional measures of pass-through will not be altered by changes in the variance of theshocks.
Saeed Shavvalpour; Armin Jabbarzadeh; Hossein Khanjarpanah
Volume 5, 17(3) , December 2015, , Pages 45-41
Abstract
Global market of strategic agricultural commodities such as soybean and wheat, is influenced by oil price fluctuations and this issue affects on policymakers and producers decisions. In this paper, with considering the importance of oil price shocks, it is tried to realize the impact of oil market risk ...
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Global market of strategic agricultural commodities such as soybean and wheat, is influenced by oil price fluctuations and this issue affects on policymakers and producers decisions. In this paper, with considering the importance of oil price shocks, it is tried to realize the impact of oil market risk on the agricultural commodities market. For this aim, daily returns of global price of soybean and wheat as the most important agricultural beans and Brent oil in the period of 1 May 2007 to end of 2014 are applied in modelling. Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (MGARCH) with VECH, BEKK and CCC methods are applied for investigating of relationships between markets. The results specify that a long run relationship is existed between the studied markets. Also, CCC method has been the best method for risk spillover modelling, which its results show that positive and significant relationship is exited between crude oil and agricultural commodities markets.
Amir Hossein Ghaffari Nejad; Majid Maddah
Abstract
In the literature of political macroeconomics stresses role of political competition in the economic performance of countries; Political competition can influence economic growth by affecting resources allocation and quality of economic policies. This paper examines the effect of political competition ...
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In the literature of political macroeconomics stresses role of political competition in the economic performance of countries; Political competition can influence economic growth by affecting resources allocation and quality of economic policies. This paper examines the effect of political competition on economic performance in Iran in the framework of a dynamic growth model by Heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation consistent estimators (HAC) method over the period 1364 to 1397. In this regard, we use the degree of alignment of government and parliament, power balance, power distribution, political and economic freedom and a composite index as the determinants of political competition. The results of estimates confirm the hypothesis of non-linear effect of political competition on economic growth in the Iranian economy as U-shape relationship such as at first the higher levels of political completion tend to be associated to smaller real GDP per capita, but after the optimal value (minimum political competition), production will increase. In this step, the actors of political system, by accepting the rules of political competition and avoiding factional policies focuses policies, focus policies that promote economic growth. This situation, which is known as the learning of political competition, enjoys society the benefits of competition political parties. The findings of this research supports the importance of political competition as one of the sources of economic growth.
Concentration
Zahra Karimi Moughari; Javad Barati
Volume 7, Issue 26 , February 2017, , Pages 49-70
Abstract
Regional inequality is a multidimensional phenomenon and includes different areas of economic, social and cultural. Therefore for any country is necessary to introduce a multidimensional composite index for the measurement of regional inequality. This study aimed to determine the level of regional inequality ...
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Regional inequality is a multidimensional phenomenon and includes different areas of economic, social and cultural. Therefore for any country is necessary to introduce a multidimensional composite index for the measurement of regional inequality. This study aimed to determine the level of regional inequality of Iranian provinces and to identify the main determinants of the inequality, to introduce a combined index for regional inequality measurement. To this end, this study has selected 25 indicators in 5 different dimensions (economic, knowledge and human capital, infrastructure, social-cultural and environmental) and it has collected data relating to the years 2001 and 2013. Also, by applying innovation, it has used two-step principal component analysis. The results show that regional disparities are declining in period under review. In this period, Provinces of Tehran, Yazd and Semnan have had the highest development level, respectively, and Sistan-Baluchistan province also has been fixed at the end place. The results showthat in provinces with higher development level. Economic and human capital indicators were main causes of inequalities in the regional development. Also high population density has forced the government to invest more in infrastructures, health and education in more developed provinces. On the other hand,having knowledge and investment spillovers is an effective factor in development of Tehran’s neighboring provinces.
Mohammad Hasan Fotros; Esmaeil Torkamani
Volume 2, Issue 7 , September 2012, , Pages 50-33
Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of modified human development on sustainability of economic growth for the period of 1980 to 2008 in developed and developing countries by using a system of simultaneous equations. Results of the estimations using a 3SLS method indicate that modified ...
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This paper investigates the effect of modified human development on sustainability of economic growth for the period of 1980 to 2008 in developed and developing countries by using a system of simultaneous equations. Results of the estimations using a 3SLS method indicate that modified human development index has a positive effect on economic growth in the three groups of countries: the coefficient for high per capita income countries is 12.4; in countries with average per capita income it is 5.2; and it is 5.8 for countries with low per capita income. In other words, the effect of modified human development index on economic growth in developed countries is tow times higher than of developing countries. For the non-sustainability, results indicate that there is an inverse N relationship between non-sustainability and modified human development index in high per capita income countries; but for countries with average and low per capita income, there is a simple N shape relationship.
Zahra Afshari; Shamsolah Shirin Bakhsh; Seyedeh Nesar Ebrahimi
Volume 2, Issue 8 , December 2012, , Pages 50-37
Abstract
Government size has negative and positive impact on economic growth. In this paper, we conduct an analysis with dealing the impact of government size on human development index (HDI). The regression will be empirically analyzed using generalized method of moments (GMM) with two staged least ...
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Government size has negative and positive impact on economic growth. In this paper, we conduct an analysis with dealing the impact of government size on human development index (HDI). The regression will be empirically analyzed using generalized method of moments (GMM) with two staged least squares in a panel data framework for 30 developed and 34 developing nations for 1980-2009. The impact of government size (measured by consumption and investment expenditures) on HDI is studied. The results reveal that the optimal size of government consumption expenditure on HDI in developed countries is greater than the developing countries. While, in developing countries the government investment reveals a linear and increasing patterns.
s
mostafa eskandary; Ali Nasiri Aghdam; Hamid Mohammadi; Hamidreza Mirzaei
Volume 7, Issue 25 , November 2016, , Pages 51-64
Abstract
Subsidy with distortion of prices prevents optimal allocation of resources and decrease economic growth and on the other hand has an irreparable effects on country economic sectors, Thus by determining the trend of macroeconomic variables (production changes, price changes, etc.), economic policymakers ...
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Subsidy with distortion of prices prevents optimal allocation of resources and decrease economic growth and on the other hand has an irreparable effects on country economic sectors, Thus by determining the trend of macroeconomic variables (production changes, price changes, etc.), economic policymakers become closer to economic goals. In this study, using 65 parts input–output table (2013 table) that modified and updated according to the (RAS) 65 parts input – output table in 2006), the impact of increasing in price of energy carriers (gasoline, kerosene, gas oil, fuel oil, liquid gas, electricity and natural gas) in first (2010) and second (2014) phases of subsidy reform have been investigated on the growth rate of economic sectors. The results showed that the average growth rate of transportation (-16.13%) and industries and mines (-17.37%) decreased and this is due to high dependence on energy, followed by an average high relative price of 2.25 and 1.53 percent, respectively. The average growth rate of agricultural sectors increased (8.45%) and this is due to low dependence on energy carriers followed by the average of low relative price (0.8028). Also coal production had the lowest growth rate, which can be concluded that energy carriers is replaced by coal.
Co2 Emissions
Rouhollah Shahnazi; Ebrahim Hadian; Lotfollah Jargani
Volume 7, Issue 28 , September 2017, , Pages 51-70
Abstract
Although the trend of increase in energy consumption has made possible fast economic growth of industrial modern society, but because of combustion pollutants emission and increase in density of carbon dioxide in atmosphere has made irreversible changes in the world. Not only this trend is destroying ...
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Although the trend of increase in energy consumption has made possible fast economic growth of industrial modern society, but because of combustion pollutants emission and increase in density of carbon dioxide in atmosphere has made irreversible changes in the world. Not only this trend is destroying finite and nonrenewable energies, but also it is releasing numerous of pollutants into the receptive environment (air, water, and soil). In this article, existence of causality relation between energy carriers' consumption with economic growth and carbon dioxide gas emission in sectors of Iran's economy (residential, general and commercial, industry, agriculture, and transportation) in period of 1997 to 2012 using causality Toda and Yamamoto method has been studied. In the agriculture sector, results show a unidirectional causality relation of energy carrier consumption to economic growth. In transportation, residential, general and economic sectors existence of bidirectional causality relation of economic growth variable and carbon dioxide gas emission with energy carriers has been verified. In industry sector, a unidirectional causality relation of economic growth to gas, electricity to economic growth and bidirectional causality relation of coal exist. Also, there is a unidirectional causality relation of carbon dioxide emission to oil and bidirectional causality relation carbon dioxide gas emission to other variables except oil exist.
Mohammad Nabi Shahiki Tash; Saber Molaee; Khadijeh Dinarzehi
Volume 4, Issue 16 , November 2014, , Pages 52-41
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of economic growth on coefficient of cardinal welfare in Iran’s economy. Hence, we employ the Bayesian approach and the estimation of forward and backward density functions in order to measure the effect of economic growth spillovers ...
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The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of economic growth on coefficient of cardinal welfare in Iran’s economy. Hence, we employ the Bayesian approach and the estimation of forward and backward density functions in order to measure the effect of economic growth spillovers on the social welfare. The paper has applied the Gibbs sampling algorithm which is a rigorous tool for forward simulation so as the results rising from this simulation indicate that there is a positive relationship between economic growth and welfare variables in Iran. It means that the flow of economic growth has had a positive impact on the rise of welfare in the country, such that the average of Bayesian coefficient is near to 0.17 per cent for the change of welfare during the period 1985- 2011. Accordingly, it is recommended that: 1- the policy makers should follow the growth-based strategies 2- the respective officials should identify the effective variables on growth in order to increase growth rate for the economy and eventually, 3- design more efficient institutions for the poor so as they enjoy greater gaining from the growth.
International Commerce
Hanane Aghasafari; Milad Aminizadeh; Alireza Karbasi
Abstract
Institutions and infrastructure as a set of social factors, rules, beliefs and infrastructure services are the key factors influencing bilateral trade between countries. So, this study investigates the effects of institutions and infrastructure on Iran’s bilateral trade with the main trading partners. ...
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Institutions and infrastructure as a set of social factors, rules, beliefs and infrastructure services are the key factors influencing bilateral trade between countries. So, this study investigates the effects of institutions and infrastructure on Iran’s bilateral trade with the main trading partners. For this purpose, gravity model, poisson pseudo maximum likelihood was developed and the analysis was based on panel data of trade volume between Iran and the trading partners over the period 2003-2016. The results implies that the interaction effect of different institutional indicators on Iran's bilateral trade with developing country partners and developed country partners are negative and significant. So that, Iran tends to trade more with less corrupt countries, higher political stability, implementing trade facilitation laws and more democracy. The positive and significant impact of the different institutional distance indicators on Iran's bilateral trade with developing country partners and developed country partners confirm that Iran tends to trade more with the partners that have stronger institutions. Moreover, the positive and significant effect associated with transport and communications infrastructure on Iran's bilateral trade with developing country partners and developed country partners indicates that the infrastructure facilitates trade between Iran and the main trading partners.
mohamad ali shabani; Mahmood Hooshmand; Ali Akbar Naji Meidani; mohammad Ghorbani
Abstract
Cities play an important role in population distribution and economic growth. One of the aspects addressed in the urban economics literature is the relationship between urbanization and economic growth. Urbanization is the relationship between population, employment, migration and environment, Given ...
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Cities play an important role in population distribution and economic growth. One of the aspects addressed in the urban economics literature is the relationship between urbanization and economic growth. Urbanization is the relationship between population, employment, migration and environment, Given that the economic growth of a geographical area is affected by variables and the effects of overflows of other areas, especially its neighbors, in addition to the spatial dependence created through these variables, the effects that are common to all geographical areas also cause correlation in economic growth of units. They become geographical, so it is necessary to differentiate between the dependence created by these factors and the spatial dependence caused by the spatial effects of variables, because otherwise the role of spatial effects will be more colorful than it really is. Therefore, to control these effects, spatial patterns were estimated once without these effects and once with these effects in 30 provinces of Iran. The results show that even considering the effects of common factors, there is still a positive autocorrelation. There is a gap between the economic growth of the provinces of the country . Results of applying the effects of common factors show is that considering these effects has reduced the intensity of the spatial effect. Also, the results of estimating the dynamic spatial Durbin model indicate that the relationship between urbanization and economic growth of Iranian provinces is inverted U and the effects of urban spillover on economic growth. Neighboring provinces are positive and meaningful.
Hadi Ghaffari; Ali Younessi; Atena Abedini
Volume 6, 23(2) , September 2016, , Pages 54-37
Abstract
One of the main challenges facing agricultural development in rural areas is the lack of efficient use of the factors of production, particularly land and water with the wisdom and the distribution of land belonging to each of the beneficiaries to be associated. To solve this challenge in different countries ...
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One of the main challenges facing agricultural development in rural areas is the lack of efficient use of the factors of production, particularly land and water with the wisdom and the distribution of land belonging to each of the beneficiaries to be associated. To solve this challenge in different countries land consolidation policies as a logical and workable solutions have been used. The purpose of this study is to check the impact of the land consolidation on Shazand city agricultural productivity. The type of research is practical and the method used is descriptive – analytical and for collecting data the library and field methods (questionnaires and interviews) were used. Due to the limited number of villages where the land consolidation project has done, two villages by the name of Homriyan and Mohajerane Khak were selected. To analyze data, statistical methods of Wilcaxon nonparametric test, Friedman test, Chi-square test, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and paired and independent t-test are used. The results show that there are significant differences in the number of pieces of land of each beneficiary, the area under cultivation, wheat and barley operation, the area under pressurized irrigation systems, the cost of machinery to plow, plot layout, the cost of land preparation, planting costs, the use of machines for fertilizer and seeding, harvesting and transportation, the use of pesticides and workers as well as the amount of water consumption in the period before and after the land consolidation project. All these could be able to make important changes in the productivity of factors of production.
Hamid Reza i Qasem; Mohammad Salehi
Volume 5, 17(2) , October 2015, , Pages 54-41
Abstract
Domesticated animals, fowl, and fishery sector, as one of agricultural subsectors, moreover creating employment, help to economic growth and development, market boom; play an important role in providing food and food security for society. On this base, governments always plan their goals toward supporting ...
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Domesticated animals, fowl, and fishery sector, as one of agricultural subsectors, moreover creating employment, help to economic growth and development, market boom; play an important role in providing food and food security for society. On this base, governments always plan their goals toward supporting and considering this sector. The Agricultural Sector Development Program has been one of the most important government programs for supporting agricultural sector in 2012. This research was conducted in Markazi province with the goal of determining impact of financial payment for agricultural sector development on increasing products, creating employment, percapita consumption, and food security. The research was conducted in two parts; the first using of experimental data and second using questionnaire to gathering data. The research findings show that the financial payments have a positive and significant effect in increasing products, employment, and access to food in terms of financial power. But financial payments have not significant effect on percapita consumption of products, enough food and stable supply of food.
Economic Growth
Morteza Salehi Sarbijan
Volume 6, Issue 24 , September 2016, , Pages 55-68
Abstract
Economic growth forecast is a major problem in economy that has a significant impact in government policy and economic planning. It also helps policy makers for future decisions. Multivariate econometric forecasting models associated with many limitations, so an alternative approach is the use of univariate ...
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Economic growth forecast is a major problem in economy that has a significant impact in government policy and economic planning. It also helps policy makers for future decisions. Multivariate econometric forecasting models associated with many limitations, so an alternative approach is the use of univariate models, but most of these methods need a lot of data to achieve the best result. In this study, data from 1959 to 2005 were used to estimate the models. Then the performances of auto regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model in the economic growth forecast of Iran was evaluated and compared with Markov switching method and fuzzy neural network (ANFIS) for the period from 2006 to 2013 using the Criteria RMSE, MAE and MAPE. Results showed that ANFIS model had the best performance. Furthermore, Markov switching method was more suitable than ARIMA model.
Mena Countries Group
Mohammad Hassan Fotros; Razie Sahraee; Masume Yavari
Volume 8, Issue 30 , April 2018, , Pages 55-66
Abstract
Food security is a main component of physical, mental and psychological health of any society and is a criterion for human development. Food security and access to safe and adequate food is of the main pillars of economic growth and development; so it is of the main goals of every country. War and insecurity ...
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Food security is a main component of physical, mental and psychological health of any society and is a criterion for human development. Food security and access to safe and adequate food is of the main pillars of economic growth and development; so it is of the main goals of every country. War and insecurity damage food security. War is the increased major cause of poverty, unemployment and food insecurity. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of war on food security in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries in the period 1990-2014. In order to estimate the model for investigating the issue, the unbalanced panel data method was used. Results showed that war has the negative and significant impact on food security. Gross domestic product per capita, the size of the rural population, the ratio of arable land surface to total land surface and the use of agricultural machinery per hectare variables had positive and significant impact, and the size of the total population had negative and significant impact on food security. Thus, any attempt to reduce conflict means to improve food security and growth and development.
Economic Growth
Alireza Kazerooni; Hosein Asgharpur; Maryam Nafisi Moghadam
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of political stability and democracy on economic growth in member countries of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). This study estimated panel regression using a Generalizes Method of Moments (GMM) framework, on a sample of 34 OIC member ...
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of political stability and democracy on economic growth in member countries of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). This study estimated panel regression using a Generalizes Method of Moments (GMM) framework, on a sample of 34 OIC member countries for the period of 1986-2014. In this research, a composite indicator of Internal Conflict, External Conflict, Military in Politics, Ethnic and Religius Tensions Religion in Politics has been used to calculate the political stability index using the principal components analysis method (PCA). The results of the research show that political stability and democracy have a significant positive role in the economic growth.
Morteza Ezzati; Leila i Shahriyar; Mohaddese Najafi; Ali Shafiei
Volume 3, Issue 12 , November 2013, , Pages 56-39
Abstract
In this paper we design an index for measuring regional discrimination and estimating regional economic discriminations effect on states’ economic growth in Iran. We use panel data econometric method for the years 2000-2010. The conclusions indicate that positive discriminations for states that ...
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In this paper we design an index for measuring regional discrimination and estimating regional economic discriminations effect on states’ economic growth in Iran. We use panel data econometric method for the years 2000-2010. The conclusions indicate that positive discriminations for states that have high potential has negative effects on growth and production. But positive discriminations for states that have high needs has positive effects on growth and production.
Hassan Heidari; Davoud Hamidi Razi
Volume 5, Issue 19 , June 2015, , Pages 56-41
Abstract
The purposes of this paper are the investigation of convergence hypothesis for GDP per labor in the presence of spatial dependence, and estimation of the spatial spillover effects of economic growth among the 11 adjacent countries of Caspian Sea during 1990 to 2010. Hence, the spatial Solow model has ...
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The purposes of this paper are the investigation of convergence hypothesis for GDP per labor in the presence of spatial dependence, and estimation of the spatial spillover effects of economic growth among the 11 adjacent countries of Caspian Sea during 1990 to 2010. Hence, the spatial Solow model has been estimated in the framework of spatial dynamic panel data. The results indicate that conditional beta convergence hypothesis is true for the countries under investigation and every country with average speed of 26.2% moves in the balanced growth path towards its own steady state. Moreover, according to the spatial Durbin model, there is a positive spatial autocorrelation of per labor GDP among adjacent countries of Caspian Sea; if the weighted average of neighboring countries per capita labor GDP of a country increases one percent, average per capita income of the country's labor force will raise 0.75 percent. Deepening regional cooperation and the development of common markets in order to gain more economic benefits are the two important policy proposed in this study.
Globalization
Annamohammad Agharkakli; Mahmood Yahyazadehfar; Mehdi Nobakht
Volume 6, Issue 22 , January 2016, , Pages 56-37
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is measuring of international financial development and its effect on economy’s globalization in South-West Asia countries and Iran during the years 2004-2011.To do so, we have applied the data that published by the World Bank in 2014. In this research, Eviews econometric ...
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The purpose of this paper is measuring of international financial development and its effect on economy’s globalization in South-West Asia countries and Iran during the years 2004-2011.To do so, we have applied the data that published by the World Bank in 2014. In this research, Eviews econometric software and panel data method are used. The results of measure has shown that the international financial development index in south-west Asia countries during the years 2004-2011 is estimated at 0.21. and the average score of 0.39 is for Iran. So, in the international financial setor, Iran has titeled as relatively developed country among the south-west Asian countries. The results have shown that the international financial development index in southwest Asia and Iran is negative with a decreasing trend and also the index has decreased over the period. Finaly the results have shown that the relationship between international financial development index and economy’s globalization is significant.
hasan aama bandograee; Farhad kashi; Yeganeh Mousavi Jahromi
Abstract
In various studies, to evaluate and measure the poverty, based on the poverty line, the poor are divided into the poor and non-poor and based on the data of the poor households, different indeces of poverty are calculated. Since the rate of poverty varies, the effect of each poor individual on the society ...
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In various studies, to evaluate and measure the poverty, based on the poverty line, the poor are divided into the poor and non-poor and based on the data of the poor households, different indeces of poverty are calculated. Since the rate of poverty varies, the effect of each poor individual on the society varies as well. In this study, the size of poverty in Iran is measured by Fuzzy Membership Function. In the current study, using the raw data, the household income of the Iranian Sensus Beauro, from 1385 to 1397 is calculated using the index of age poverty by Gini coefficient and Bonferonie standard, in classic and fuzzy modes of poverty size. The results show that using the fuzzy logic has a significant effect on poverty size so that in the classic mode, it is significantly less than that of the fuzzy mode. The results also suggest that in both the classic and the fuzzy ways, using the Bonferonie standard instead of Gini Coefficient causes the rise of poverty.
Monetary Shocks
seyed abbas hoseini ghafar; rasoul bakhsi dastjerdi; majid sameti; Houshang Shajari
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate wheatear fiscal expansion of monetary policy leads to inflation and what are its short-term and long-term consequences on the economy. The results showed that the consumption, production, and investment variables will be negatively affected by this mode of ...
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The purpose of this study is to investigate wheatear fiscal expansion of monetary policy leads to inflation and what are its short-term and long-term consequences on the economy. The results showed that the consumption, production, and investment variables will be negatively affected by this mode of financing in the long run. The findings of policy shock functions indicate that increasing in the money stock leads to increase in the short term investment but reducing household labor hours will reduce production because of inflation. For example, increasing in the amount of a standard deviation would increase the inflation rate by 1.157 % as well as it would reduce household labor hours, real money balance, production and consumption respectively by 0.062%, 0.157%, 0.0368%, and 0.157%. On the contrary, this policy will increase capital by 0.264% and investment by 6.3%.
GDP
Esmaeil Torkamani; Mohammad Hassan Fotros
Abstract
The use of natural resource revenues for achievement of development has been a challenging issue for resource abound countries. These a challenging stem from the fact that incomes from natural resources are non-durable, unpredictable and uncertain. Many countries have pursued approaches and tools for ...
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The use of natural resource revenues for achievement of development has been a challenging issue for resource abound countries. These a challenging stem from the fact that incomes from natural resources are non-durable, unpredictable and uncertain. Many countries have pursued approaches and tools for managing these revenues to prevent economic fluctuations. The international organizations and economic experts propose a diversification into resource revenues in the form of different approaches for public investment. The present study evaluates the policy of increasing public investment in Iran in the form of three gradual, aggressive and conservative approaches for the period of 1978-2015 using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium method. The results showed that after an oil revenue shock, the status of economic variables in the gradual increase approach is better than the other two approaches. In a gradual approach, in addition to increasing GDP and private and public consumption, public debt is also declining
Sadegh Bakhtiari; Homayoun Ranjbar; Somayeh Ghorbani
Volume 3, Issue 9 , April 2013, , Pages 58-41
Abstract
Today in economic studies, the composite index is often used for measuring economic welfare. One of the current and most comprehensive composite index for measuring level of economic well being is the one introduced by osberg (IEWB) and later have developed by the Centre for the Study of Living Standards ...
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Today in economic studies, the composite index is often used for measuring economic welfare. One of the current and most comprehensive composite index for measuring level of economic well being is the one introduced by osberg (IEWB) and later have developed by the Centre for the Study of Living Standards (CSLS). In this index, among the different economic variables that affect economic welfare, the most importance is given to the components related to four dimensions, namely consumption, wealth, income distribution and economic security. So in this study the IEWB as a comprehensive index of economic welfare has been chosen. This paper, for the first time, tries to introduce IEWB and applies it to the data for selected developing countries during the 2002 to 2007 period and results have been analyzed. The findings of this study indicate that during the period under consideration on average Morocco has the highest value of the IEWB index, and Bangladesh has the lowest one. In terms of rate of growth, Turkey has the highest and Bangladesh has the lowest rate of growth. Iran did not have a good position and ranked 8 among the countries under consideration.
Hadi Ghaffari; Mehdi Jalouli; Ali Changi Ashtiani
Volume 3, Issue 10 , June 2013, , Pages 58-41
Abstract
International sanctions against Iran have been lead to an increase in demand of foreign exchange and ultimately cause an increase in exchange rate. In this study, we aim to investigate and forecast the consequences of exchange rate increase on economic growth of major economic sectors of Iran during ...
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International sanctions against Iran have been lead to an increase in demand of foreign exchange and ultimately cause an increase in exchange rate. In this study, we aim to investigate and forecast the consequences of exchange rate increase on economic growth of major economic sectors of Iran during 1976-2014. For this purpose, we used a short scale macro-econometric model which has been estimated by the new co-integration approach. The results show that an increase in exchange rate will reduce the production of all economic sectors. Also, the growth rate of all economic sectors will be reduced to its minimum and then will increase. Also, we have come to the conclusion that the production of oil & gas sector will be reduced more than the other sectors.
