Studying the Effect of Green Tax on Iran’s Energy Consumption and Social Welfare Using Recursive Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (RDCGE) Model
Salman
SotoodeNia
Ph.D. Student of Economics, University of Economics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
Mohammad Taher
Ahmadi Shadmehri
Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
Seyed MohammadJavad
Razmi
Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
Seyed Mohammad
FahimiFard
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Economics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
text
article
2020
per
In this study the effects of levying various green taxes (base, 5%, 10% and 20%) on Iran’s fossil energy consumption (oil gas (OG), natural gas (NG) and gasoline (GA)), pollutant gas emission and social welfare was studied using a Recursive Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (RDCGE) model. In order to RDCGE calibration, the Iran’s social accounting matrix (SAM)) and base scenario was used. Required data was gathered from central bank of Iran (CBI), Iran’s statistic center and ministry of energy during 2008-2016 seasonality. Also, for data analyzing Matlab software was applied. Results indicate that in while increasing green tax, a positive shock of economic growth (1%), reduces the increasing trend of OG, NG and GA. Also, levying 0% and 5% green tax couldn’t make the consumption of mentioned energies efficient, levyeing 10% green tax makes the consumption of NG and GA efficient and levying 20% green tax makes the consumption of mentioned energies efficient. In addition, while increasing green tax, a positive shock of economic growth (1%), reduces the increasing trend of gas pullotants emission and in orther to decreasing gas pollutants emission during economic growth, 10% green tax should be levy. Finally, while increasing green tax from 0% to 5%, 10% and 20%, a positive shock of economic growth (1%) increases the social welfare, less than 1%, more than 1% and less than 1%, respectively. Therefore, between studied scenarios, levying 10% green tax is the best for increasing social welfare.
Economic Growth and Development Research
Payame Noor University
2228-5954
10
v.
40
no.
2020
34
15
https://egdr.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_6268_739c9bc2b1b9ab45e063ca8c53ed5ff7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30473/egdr.2019.48789.5420
Impact of Renewable Energies, Technical Innovations and Economic Growth on Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Nasim
Masoudi
Ph.D. Student of Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
author
nazar
dahmardeh
Professor, Department of Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
author
Marziye
Esfandiyari
Assistant Professor of Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
The widespread consumption of non-renewable energy, along with the widespread increase in economic activity over the past few decades, has had broad environmental implications. These consequences include rising global temperatures, climate change, rising sea levels, and ultimately escalating international disputes. In recent years, some countries have begun extensive efforts to make more use of renewable energy potentials. These efforts have been in line with the greater benefits of using these energies as well as observing international agreements to reduce global temperatures. Indeed, in recent decades sustainable economic growth has become an important goal for most of the world's economies. To this end is necessary to stabilize or reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This necessitates the transition from polluting energy-based economic activities to less environmentally-friendly, technology-based and consumer-friendly economic activities. CO2 was selected by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) in selected countries using a static, dynamic, and long-term coefficient of combined data over the period 1990–2016. The results of this study showed that technical innovations and non-renewable energies had a positive effect on CO2 emissions, but the effect of renewable energies on CO2 emissions was negative and significant. Also, the effect of economic growth on CO2 emission is Positive and significant.
Economic Growth and Development Research
Payame Noor University
2228-5954
10
v.
40
no.
2020
54
35
https://egdr.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_6191_284f49b52de3ef4bafc6bff9ccd5b19f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30473/egdr.2019.48361.5367
The Relationship between Economic Growth, Energy Intensity and Financial Development in Sectors of Iranian Economy
hossein
fathizadeh
. Ph.D. Candidate of Department of Economics, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
author
masooud
nonejad
Associate Professor of Department of Economics, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
author
Ali
Haghighat
Assistant Professor of Department of Economics, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
author
abbas
aminifard
Assistant Professor of Department of Economics, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
This study investigates the relationship between economic growth, energy intensity and financial development in the agricultural, industry and mining and services sectors of the Iranian economy. For this purpose, annual time series data of the sectors during the period from 1974 to 2016 were used. To analyze the relationships, Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) and Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) methods were used. The results of the long-run relationship of the ARDL model show that the impact of energy intensity on the economic growth of industry and mining, and services sectors is negative and significant and positive and significant in agriculture sector. The effect of financial development on economic growth in agriculture sector and industry and mining sector is positive and significant, while despite the positive impact of financial development on economic growth in services sector, the coefficient of this variable is not statistically significant. Furthermore, based on the results of variance decomposition in SVAR model, energy intensity growth and financial development growth have had a large share of economic growth fluctuations in different sectors of Iranian economy. Similarly, economic growth and financial development have also played a significant part in the energy intensity fluctuations of the sectors. Finally, energy intensity has the largest share of fluctuations in financial development in industry sector, while the economic growth has also played a considerable part in the fluctuations of financial development in the services sector.
Economic Growth and Development Research
Payame Noor University
2228-5954
10
v.
40
no.
2020
76
55
https://egdr.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_6229_bcbf7d1e97d06427353db5809034d035.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30473/egdr.2019.48371.5370
Influence of Exchange Rate Shocks on Purchasing Power Parity Test:
Using the NARDL Approach
Abbas Ali .
Rezaei.
Ph.D. Student, International Economics, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
author
Ali
Raeispour
Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Kerman branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
author
Mohsen
Zayandehroodi
Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Kerman branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
author
Seyyed Abdolmajid
Jalaee
Professor, Department of Economics, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
Purchasing power parity remains an important issue for scholars in the international Economics. The validity of this theory is important not only for empirical studies but also for policy makers. The PPP theory express that due to arbitrage in the international commodity market, the real exchange rate is expected to return to its equilibrium level in the long run. Finally, the researchers concluded that one of the major macroeconomic issues that has been linked to many political debates is the exchange rate, which is a non-linear real exchange rate behavior. Given the importance of the subject in this study, we decided to investigate the asymmetric measurement of purchasing power parity test using nonlinear auto regressive distributed lag model. In this context, Iran's purchasing power parity with Japan, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Britain and the United States was examined during the period from 1981 to 2017. The results show that in the long run, price shocks have an asymmetric effect on purchasing power parity in Japan, Saudi Arabia, and the United States, while they are symmetric in Norway and the United Kingdom. Moreover, in the short run, price shocks in Japan and Saudi Arabia will have an asymmetric effect on purchasing power parity, while the effect of price shocks in Norway, England and the US on purchasing power parity will be rejected in the short run.
Economic Growth and Development Research
Payame Noor University
2228-5954
10
v.
40
no.
2020
92
77
https://egdr.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_6111_8364f2038589f80ede13e9b47a81d1bc.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30473/egdr.2019.48475.5386
The Relationship between Inflation Rate, Exchange Rate and Bank Interest Rate with Economic Growth in Panel-VAR Model; Evidence from Muslim Countries
Hossien
Amiri
Assistant Professor of Economic, University of Kharazmi, Tehran, Iran
author
Mohsen
Salehi Komroudi
Ph.D. in Agricultural Economics, Tabriz University,Tabriz, Iran
author
Mahnaz
Pasban
M.A. in Economics, University of Kharazmi, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
Macroeconomic conditions and the relationship of macroeconomic variables have a major impact on the economic performance of countries. Understanding these relationships helps policymakers manage macroeconomics better. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between economic growth, inflation, interest rate and exchange rate in selected Muslim countries (Bahrain, Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan, Kuwait, Oman and Qatar). Therefore Panel VAR method was used for this purpose. The study used panel data from selected countries over the period 2000–2016. According to the results, all variables are stationary and the model was stable. According to Granger causality results inflation rate, exchange rate and interest rate were the cause of economic growth; inflation rate, economic growth and exchange rate were the cause of economic growth rate; inflation rate, economic growth and interest rate were the cause of exchange rate and only inflation had not the Granger's causality. Exchange rate, interest rate, and inflation had positive effects on economic growth based on impulse-response functions. Exchange rate, interest rate, and economic growth had very short-term and negatively positive effects on themselves. Exchange rate, inflation and economic growth have had a negative effect on the interest rate. Finally, the effect of interest rate is unclear on exchange rate and inflation rate and economic growth had negative effect on economic growth.
Economic Growth and Development Research
Payame Noor University
2228-5954
10
v.
40
no.
2020
108
93
https://egdr.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_6248_8903bc1c5709182561681dabf844cc7e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30473/egdr.2019.48266.5354
The Effect of Trade Openness, Exchange Relation and Human Capital on Total Productivity of Production Factors in Iran
Ahmad Ali
Asadpour
Assistant Professor of Economic, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
This article aims to investigate the effect of trade openness, human capital and exchange relation on total productivity of production factors in Iran. Using time series data during 1981 to 2012, the effect of trade openness, human capital, and exchange relation on total productivity of production factor has been estimated through the application of auto regressive distributed lag model (ARDL). The results of the research indicate that the variables of trade openness, human capital, and exchange relation have positive effects on total productivity of production factors. On the other hand, inflation and exchange rate have negative effects on total productivity of production factors.
Economic Growth and Development Research
Payame Noor University
2228-5954
10
v.
40
no.
2020
122
109
https://egdr.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_5930_3d2fd2cd6db603648b1a531f52e85d55.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30473/egdr.2019.47618.5291
The Impact of Taxation on Productivity of Iranian Manufacturing Workers, Study of the Fifth Development Plan (2011-2015)
samaneh
talei ardakani
Department of Economics, Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
In addition to the impact of traditional factors of production such as labor and capital on economic growth, the impact of productivity has always been the focus of growth and development economists. Given the fundamental role of the industry sector as a driver of the country's economic development, identifying the factors affecting the productivity of this sector can provide a basis for enhancing its share in GDP growth. Accordingly, the present study attempts to evaluate the impact of industry taxation on productivity of Iranian manufacturing industries during the Fifth Development Plan (2011-2015). In addition, this paper attempts to examine the relationship between variables such as investment in industry and compensation of payroll services (salaries and benefits) with total labor productivity. In this regard, the desired data were obtained from the statistical yearbook of the country and the results of the censuses of the country's manufacturing firms and the total labor productivity index was calculated by using the output data of firms. Then, the relationship between tax value and total labor productivity index is evaluated using integrated data panel data method. The results show that at the significant level of 5%, coefficients of tax variables and compensation of wage earners have a positive and significant relationship with productivity and also the investment coefficient at the significant level of 10% has a positive effect on the dependent variable. In other words, with the increase in taxation, the productivity of the entire workforce has also increased, and manufacturing industries have sought to offset some of its costs by increasing productivity. But based on the coefficient of estimation, the severity of tax on the impact of industrial productivity is weak.
Economic Growth and Development Research
Payame Noor University
2228-5954
10
v.
40
no.
2020
134
123
https://egdr.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_6132_3f1e7f567dddd96456a3ce68d2bdb5b1.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30473/egdr.2019.48833.5431