با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن اقتصاد انرژی ایران

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، مازندران، ایران

2 استاد دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، مازندران، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، مازندران، ایران

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر سیاست تحکیم مالی مبتنی بر شوک‌های درآمدی و هزینه‌ای بر متغیرهای اقتصاد کلان کشور است. در این راستا با استفاده از روش اتورگرسیون برداری عامل افزوده (FAVAR) تأثیر شوک‌های درآمدی و شوک‌های هزینه‌ای دولت بر متغیرهای رشد تولید حقیقی، رشد سرمایه‌گذاری، رشد مصرف بخش خصوصی و تورم در بازه زمانی 1363:1-1394:4 مطالعه شده است.
نتایج حاصل از الگوهای پژوهش حکایت از آن دارد که آثار ابزار سیاست تحکیم مالی بر متغیرهای اقتصاد کلان کشور متفاوت بوده و ارائه ابزار سیاستی یکسان جهت تأثیرگذاری مناسب بر تمام متغیرهای مورد نظر دشوار است. بنابراین با تأکید بر هدف رشد تولید حقیقی که عامل مهم و تأثیرگذار در اقتصاد است و سایر متغیرهای اقتصاد کلان را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد، می‌توان عنوان نمود که در کوتاه‌مدت که شامل 4 فصل می‌شود، کاهش مخارج عمومی و افزایش درآمدهای دولت منجر به کاهش تولید در پاسخ به واکنش منفی سرمایه‌گذاری و مصرف بخش خصوصی می‌شود و تورم کاهش می‌یابد. بنابراین در کوتاه‌مدت سیاست مناسب تحکیم مالی ترکیبی از سیاست کاهش مخارج و افزایش درآمد است و به طور مشخص سیاست کاهش مخارج جاری و افزایش مالیات بر واردات است. در میان‌مدت و بلندمدت که به ترتیب شامل 8 و 16 فصل می‌باشد رشد تولید حقیقی نسبت به سیاست کاهش مخارج کل واکنش مثبتی از خود نشان می‌دهد و کاهش مخارج جاری و مخارج امور اجتماعی دولت به عنوان ابزار تحکیم مالی معرفی می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Fiscal Consolidation Policy on Important Macroeconomic Variables of Iran with Emphasis on Production Growth: FAVAR Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • saeed karimi potanlar 1
  • ahmad jafari samimi 2
  • hamid Hamid La'l-e-Khezri 3

1 Associate Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran

2 Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran

3 PHD studentPh.D. Student of Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran

چکیده [English]

The aim of this article is to analyzing the effect of shocks of fiscal consolidation policy on the macroeconomic variables of Iran. In this regard by using Factor Augmented Vector Auto Regression (FAVAR) method the effect of shocks on government revenues and expenditures on important macroeconomic variables including total real GDP growth, inflation, private consumption growth and investment growth over the period 1984:1 -2015:4 is investigated.
The results of research models show that the effect of fiscal consolidation policy on the macroeconomic variables are different, and it is difficult to provide a same policy tool to effect all variables. Thus with emphasis on real GDP growth which is a major factor that affects other macroeconomic variables, it can be noted that in short term which consists of 4 seasons, reducing public expenditures and increasing government revenues lead to a reduction in production in response to a negative reaction to investment and private consumption and inflation will decrease. Therefore in the short term the suitable policy for fiscal consolidation is a combination of expenditure cut and income rising and in particular, the policy of reducing current expenditure and increasing import taxes. In the medium and long term, respectively consist of 8 and 16 seasons, real GDP growth responses positively to the expenditures cut policy, decline in current expenditures and social public expenditures is introduced as an instrument of fiscal consolidation policy.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fiscal Consolidation
  • Factor Augmented Vector Auto Regression (FAVAR)
  • Impulse Response Functions
  • Real GDP Growth
زارعی، ژاله (1389). "ارزیابی پایداری مالی در اقتصاد ایران". تازه‌های اقتصاد، زمستان 1389، شماره 130، 86-56.
فتاحی، شهرام؛ حیدری دیزگرانی، علی و عسکری، الناز (1393). "بررسی پایداری بدهی دولت در اقتصاد ایران". فصلنامه سیاست‌های مالی و اقتصای، سال دوم، شماره 6، تابستان 1393، 86-67.
همتی، مریم و جلالی نائینی، احمدرضا (1390). "بررسی اثر شوک‌های پولی بر 12 گروه اصلی شاخص بهای کالاها و خدمات مصرفی با استفاده از روش FAVAR". فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اقتصادی ایران، سال شانزدهم، شماره 49، زمستان 1390، 239-205.
Afonso, A. (2005a). “Fiscal Sustainability: The Unpleasant European Case”. Finanz Archiv, 61(1), 19-44.
Afonso, A. (2006). “Expansionary Fiscal Consolidations in Europe New Evidence”. European Central Bank Working Paper Series, 675, 1-50.
Agnello, L. & Sousa, R. M. (2011). “Fiscal Consolidation and Income Inequality”. NIPE, Working Paper, 34, 1-30.
Agnello, L., Castro, V., Jalles, J. T & .Sousa, R. M. (2015). “Fiscal Consolidation and Financial Reforms”. Applied Economics, 47 (34–35), 3740-3755.
Alesina, A. & Ardagna, S. (1998). “Tale of Fiscal Contraction”. Economic Policy, 27, 487-545.
Alesina, A. & Ardagna, S. (2010). “Large Changes in Fiscal Policy: Taxes Versus Spending”. Tax Policy and the Economy, 24(1), 35-68.
Alesina, A. & Perotti, R. (1995). “Fiscal Expansions and Adjustments in OECD Countries”. Economic Policy, 10, 205-248.
Alesina, A. & Perotti, R. (1997a). “The Welfare State and Competitiveness”. American Economic Review, 87(5), 921-939.
Alesina, A. & Perotti, R. (1997b). “Fiscal Adjustments in OECD Countries: Composition and Macroeconomic Effects”. International Monetary Fund Staff Papers, 44(2), 210-248.
Alesina, A., Favero, C. & Giavazzi, F. (2015). “The Output Effect of Fiscal Consolidations Plans”. Journal of International Economics, 96, 19-42.
Almeida, V., Castro, G., Mourinho Félix, R. & Francisco Maria, J. (2011). “Fiscal Consolidation in a Small Euro Area Economy”. International Journal of Centeral Banking, 9(4), 1-38.
Antelo, M. & Peón, D. (2014). “Fiscal Consolidation and the Sustainability of Public Debt in the GIPSI Countries”. Cuadernos de Economía, 37, 52-71.
Ardagna, S. (2004). “Fiscal Stabilizations: When do they Work and Why”. European Economic Review, 48(5), 1047-1074.
Attinasi, M. & Metelli, L. (2016). “Is Fiscal Consolidation Self-Defeating? A Panel-VAR Analysis for the Euro Area Countries”. Journal of International Money and Finance, 74, 147-164.
Bai, J. & Ng, S. (2002). “Determining the Number of Factors in Approximate Factor Models”. Economica, 70(1), 191-221.
Bernanke, B., Boivin, J. & Eliasz, P. (2005). “Measuring the Effects of Monetary Policy: A Factor-augmented Autoregressive (FAVAR) Approach” .The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120(1), 387-422.
Breitung, J. & Eickmeier. S. (2006). “Dynamic Factor Models”. Allgenmeines Statistisches Archiv, 90(1), 27-42.
Castro, V. (2017). “The Impact of Fiscal Consolidations on the Functional Components of Government Expenditures”. Economic Modelling, 60, 138–150.
Coenen, G., Mohr, M. & Straub, R. (2008). “Fiscal Consolidation in Tihe Euro Area Long-Run Benefits and Short-Run Costs”. Economic Modeling, 25(5), 912-932.
Cogan, J. F., Taylor, J. B., Wieland, V. & Wolters, M. H. (2013). “Fiscal Consolidation Strategy”. Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control, 37(2), 404-421.
Cour, P., Dubois, E., Mahfouz, S. & Pisany-Ferry, J. (1996). “The Cost of Fiscal Retrenchment Revisited: How Strong is the Evidence?”. CEPII Working Paper, 16, 5-66.
Devries, P., Guajardo, J., Leigh, D. & Pescatori, A. (2011). “A New Action Based Dataset of Fiscal Consolidation”. International Monetary Fund, IMF Working Paper, 128, 1-90.
Erceg, C. J. & Linde, J. (2013). “Fiscal Consolidation in a Currency Union: Spending Cuts vs. Tax Hikes”. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 37(2), 422-425.
Escudero, V. & Mourelo, E. (2014). “Public Debt, Fiscal Consolidation and the Effect on Employment”. Apostolis Philippopoulos, Workshop to be held on 25 – 26 July 2014 on the Island of San Servolo in the Bay of Venice, Italy, 1-25.
Estevão, M. & Samake, I. (2013). “The Economic Effects of Fiscal Consolidation with Debt Feedback”. IMF Working Paper, 136, 1-50.
Favero, C. A. & Marcellino, M. (2005). “Large Datasets, Small Models and Monetary Policy in Europe”. CEPR Discussion Paper, 3098, 1-27
Giavazzi, F. & Pagano, M. (1990). “Can Severe Fiscal Contractions be Expansionary? Tales of Two Small European Countries”. NBER Macroeconomics Annual, 5, 75-111.
Giavazzi, F. & Pagano, M. (1996). “Non-Keynesian Effects of Fiscal Policy Changes: International Evidence and the Swedish Experience”. Swedish Economic Policy Review, 3(1), 67-112.
Gupta, S., Baldacci, E., Clements, B. & Tiongson, E. (2005). “What Sustains Fiscal Consolidation in Emerging Market Countries?”. Internatinal Journal of Finance and Economics, 10, 307-321.
Heim, J. J. (2010a). “Do Government Deficits Crowd out Consumer and Investment Spending?”. Journal of the Academy of Business and Economics, 10(3), 1-26.
Heim, J. J. (2010b). “Do Tax Cut and Spending Deficits Have Different Crowd out Effects?”. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Economics, Working Paper, 1104, 1-40.
Heylen, F. & Everaert, G. (2000). “Success and Failure of Fiscal Consolidation in the OECD: A Multivariate Analysis”. Public Choice, 105(1-2), 103–124.
Kneller, R., Bleaney, M. F. & Gemmell, N. (1999). “Fiscal Policy and Growth: Evidence from OECD Countries”. Journal of Public Economics, 74, 171–190.
Miller, S. & Russek, F. (2003). “The Relationship between Large Fiscal Adjustments and Short-Term Output Growth Under Alternative Fiscal Policy Regimes”. Contemporary Economic Policy, 21, 41-58.
Mirdala, R. (2014). “Periods of Fiscal Consolidation in Selected European Economies”. Emerging Market Quweies in Finance and Business, 15, 137-145.
Papageorgiou, D. & Vourvachaki, E. (2017). “Macroeconomic Effects of Structural Reforms and Fiscal Consolidations: Trade-Offs and Complementarities”. European Journal of Political Economy, 48, 54-73.
Pashourtidou, N., Savva, C. & Syrichas, N. (2014). “The Effects of Fiscal Consolidation on Macroeconomic Indicators in Cyprus”. Cyprus Economic Policy Review, 8(1), 93-119.
Samuelson, P. A. (1939). “Interactions between the Multiplier Analysis and the Principle of Acceleration”. Review of Economics and Statistics, 21(2), 8-75.
Senbet, D. (2011). “Estimating Monetary Policy Reaction Function: A Factor-Augmented Vector Autoregressive (FAVAR) Approach”. Journal of Money, Investment and Banking, 19, 5-40.
Stock, J. H. & Watson, M. W. (2005). “Implications of Dynamic Factor Models for VAR Analysis”. NBER Working Papers 11467, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, 1-67.
Uctum, M. & Wickens, M. (2000). “Debt and Deficit Ceilings, and Sustainability of Fiscal Policies: An Intertemporal Analysis”. Oxford Bulletin of Economic Research, 62(2), 197-222.
Wöhlbier, F., Astarita, C. & Mourre, G. (2014). “Consolidation on the Revenue Side and Growth-Friendly Tax Structures: an Indicator Based Approach”. European Commission, Economic Papers, 513, 1-84.