Energy
rozbeh baloon nejad
Volume 8, Issue 30 , April 2018, , Pages 167-187
Abstract
Optimum pricing of energy carriers is one of the effective tools for improving the efficiency of energy-scarce resources. Considering the importance of increasing the price of energy carriers and their impact on the economy, more comprehensive studies in this area seem necessary. Considering the importance ...
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Optimum pricing of energy carriers is one of the effective tools for improving the efficiency of energy-scarce resources. Considering the importance of increasing the price of energy carriers and their impact on the economy, more comprehensive studies in this area seem necessary. Considering the importance of increasing the price of energy carriers and its impact on the economy more comprehensive studies in this area seem necessary. In this research the increase in the price of energy carriers and its effects on household consumption expenditure are based on two methods of pricing the output of government price control and the method of partitioning the economic sectors into energy and non-energy using the net output table to the base prices of Central Bank of 2005. The findings of this study assuming that the dimensions of the household are not considered, suggests that the modification of the price of energy carriers reduces the consumption of households in terms of quantity and rank. By modifying the price of gasoline based on the implementation of the second phase of the law,the objective of subsidies in the energy and non-energy sector is increasing and in the state control and non-control method ignoring the slight changes will have a neutral effect on the share of household consumption expenditure. The correction of natural gas prices in the energy and non-energy method has a decreasing effect and in the control and non-control method of the government here will be a decreasing effect on the share of consumption expenditures. If we do not consider these very slight changes it could be said that the rise in natural gas prices has a detrimental effect on household expenditures. Finally, he change in electricity prices in a non-energy and energy way will decrease the effect and in the control and non-control method of government will have a decreasing effect on the share of consumption of households. Therefore comparing the two models shows that the gradual correction of the price of energy carriers has less distributive effects and reduces the share of household consumption expenditures but reduces the level of vulnerability of households to the simultaneous rectification of prices.
Co2 Emissions
Rouhollah Shahnazi; Ebrahim Hadian; Lotfollah Jargani
Volume 7, Issue 28 , September 2017, , Pages 51-70
Abstract
Although the trend of increase in energy consumption has made possible fast economic growth of industrial modern society, but because of combustion pollutants emission and increase in density of carbon dioxide in atmosphere has made irreversible changes in the world. Not only this trend is destroying ...
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Although the trend of increase in energy consumption has made possible fast economic growth of industrial modern society, but because of combustion pollutants emission and increase in density of carbon dioxide in atmosphere has made irreversible changes in the world. Not only this trend is destroying finite and nonrenewable energies, but also it is releasing numerous of pollutants into the receptive environment (air, water, and soil). In this article, existence of causality relation between energy carriers' consumption with economic growth and carbon dioxide gas emission in sectors of Iran's economy (residential, general and commercial, industry, agriculture, and transportation) in period of 1997 to 2012 using causality Toda and Yamamoto method has been studied. In the agriculture sector, results show a unidirectional causality relation of energy carrier consumption to economic growth. In transportation, residential, general and economic sectors existence of bidirectional causality relation of economic growth variable and carbon dioxide gas emission with energy carriers has been verified. In industry sector, a unidirectional causality relation of economic growth to gas, electricity to economic growth and bidirectional causality relation of coal exist. Also, there is a unidirectional causality relation of carbon dioxide emission to oil and bidirectional causality relation carbon dioxide gas emission to other variables except oil exist.
Zahra Nematollahi; Naser Shahnoushi; Ozra Javanbakht; Mahmoud Daneshvar Kakhki
Volume 5, Issue 19 , June 2015, , Pages 11-24
Abstract
Due to the performance of subsidies targeted, present study has been done to examine the effects of results of the implementation of this law on production activities. Social accounting matrix of 2001 was prepared and then general equilibrium model was developed. Gasoline and diesel have two prices, ...
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Due to the performance of subsidies targeted, present study has been done to examine the effects of results of the implementation of this law on production activities. Social accounting matrix of 2001 was prepared and then general equilibrium model was developed. Gasoline and diesel have two prices, so two scenarios were simulated. The results of the two scenarios showed that, targeted subsidies of energy carriers, reduces product in production activities, increases price of commodities, and decreases households' consumption.
