total factor productivity of production؛
Ahmad Ali Asadpour
Abstract
This article aims to investigate the effect of trade openness, human capital and exchange relation on total productivity of production factors in Iran. Using time series data during 1981 to 2012, the effect of trade openness, human capital, and exchange relation on total productivity of production factor ...
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This article aims to investigate the effect of trade openness, human capital and exchange relation on total productivity of production factors in Iran. Using time series data during 1981 to 2012, the effect of trade openness, human capital, and exchange relation on total productivity of production factor has been estimated through the application of auto regressive distributed lag model (ARDL). The results of the research indicate that the variables of trade openness, human capital, and exchange relation have positive effects on total productivity of production factors. On the other hand, inflation and exchange rate have negative effects on total productivity of production factors.
fereshteh majidzadeh; nazar dahmardeh
Abstract
Existence of natural resources can increase corruption through rent-seeking behaviors if there is no strong institutional framework. In the present study, the role of institutional quality in the impact of natural resource rents on the financial development of Iran in the period 1984-2019 has been investigated. ...
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Existence of natural resources can increase corruption through rent-seeking behaviors if there is no strong institutional framework. In the present study, the role of institutional quality in the impact of natural resource rents on the financial development of Iran in the period 1984-2019 has been investigated. For this purpose, first to extract the indicators of institutional quality and financial development from the model of principal component analysis and then from the Markov switching model to investigate the effect of natural resource rents on financial development in the country in two cases with and without considering Institutional quality index has been used. Increasing the rent of natural resources has had a negative and significant impact on financial development in low regime of the financial development. Economic growth and trade openness have also had a positive and significant impact on all levels and regimes of financial development. Increasing the rent of natural resources in terms of improving the institutional quality index has had a positive and significant effect on financial development in a low regime. Increasing the inflation has had a negative and significant effect on financial development in all regimes of financial development. It shows that improving the quality of institutions in the country is not able to eliminate the Dutch disease and the curse of resources completely, and this issue with the non-significant impact of natural resource rents in terms of improving the institutional quality index in the high regime of financial development in the country is visible.
reza zamani; masoud majidi
Abstract
Analysis of optimum and threshold rates of government debt in Iran and the effect of public debt on economic growth are the major purposes of this paper. As government debt is both economic and political phenomena, there are a lot of political economic literature that focus on some dimensions including ...
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Analysis of optimum and threshold rates of government debt in Iran and the effect of public debt on economic growth are the major purposes of this paper. As government debt is both economic and political phenomena, there are a lot of political economic literature that focus on some dimensions including intergerneration redistribution, re-election of governments, political budget cycles, fiscal illusion, and bargaining in legislation. Government debt affects economic growth through six channels, including government expenditure, interest rate, future tax, possibility of vicious triangle crises (debt, bank, and currency crises), and counter cycle policies. There are three points about the effect of government debt on economic growth: positive, negative, or threshold effect. Using yearly data from 1974-2016 and OLS approach, we show that relationship between government debt and economic growth in Iran is inverse U, and the optimum rate of debt index (portion of government debt to GDP) in Iran is about 54.16 percent and the threshold level is about 108.32 percent. Moreover, it has been shown that from 1974 to the middle of 2000’s, public debt to central bank was more than public debt to banking system, but after that mentioend trend has been reversed
mansour heydari; Hossein Asgharpur; Davoud Hamidi Razi; sadeq Rezaie
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of currency regimes on economic growth with emphasis on the role and intermediation of inflation in Iran in different business cycles. In this regard, using the Markov Switching method in the period 1340-1394, the objective has been ...
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The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of currency regimes on economic growth with emphasis on the role and intermediation of inflation in Iran in different business cycles. In this regard, using the Markov Switching method in the period 1340-1394, the objective has been studied.The estimation results show that the Iranian economy has three regimes, moderate growth and high economic growth, so that the moderate growth regime should use a fixed exchange rate regime، to increase economic growth by increasing stability and increasing investment. During the recession and in the range of -0.16 to 14% of inflation, the fixed system is suitable and in the rest of the floating-rate inflation rates it is suitable for economic growth by increasing the competitiveness of domestic products against foreign products that have been weakened due to inflation Estimated results for high growth period show that in the inflation range of 5 to 44%, the floating system has the best performance for economic growth due to increased competitiveness of domestic production against foreign products.
Economic Growth
Sahar Nasrnejad nesheli; Mani Motameni; Mohammad Abdi Seyyedkolaee
Abstract
Economic complexity is one of the criteria for measuring the knowledge-based economy of a country. Several studies have shown that improving the economic complexity index leads to sustainable economic growth and improved welfare. Therefore, policy makers tend to place the development and progress of ...
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Economic complexity is one of the criteria for measuring the knowledge-based economy of a country. Several studies have shown that improving the economic complexity index leads to sustainable economic growth and improved welfare. Therefore, policy makers tend to place the development and progress of the country in the path of knowledge-based economy and production of complex products. But the channel of influence of complexity on the economy of a country is questionable. Identifying this channel can lead to the focus of development policies. The hypothesis investigated in this research is the effectiveness of economic complexity on the field of factory activities. In the literature review, it was found that the relationship between these two variables is not predetermined. To test the hypothesis, a statistical sample including 46 countries has been selected for a period of 31 years ending in 2020. The PMG model has been used for data processing. The result of the estimation of the model shows that the increase in the added value of factory industries is one of the consequences of the improvement of economic complexity. This finding can help to set development policies.
Roozbeh Balounejad Nouri
Abstract
In this study, the effect of bank credit allocation between different economic sectors on the economic growth of Iranian provinces was investigated. For this purpose, the provincial data for the period 2015-2020 based on the maximum available data and the method of estimating quantile regression in panel ...
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In this study, the effect of bank credit allocation between different economic sectors on the economic growth of Iranian provinces was investigated. For this purpose, the provincial data for the period 2015-2020 based on the maximum available data and the method of estimating quantile regression in panel data were used. In this regard, the results showed that in the initial quantile (0.05) the amount of credits to the agriculture, business, industry and services sector had a positive effect on growth and also credits to the housing sector had a negative effect on the economic growth of the provinces. In the middle quantile (0.5), lending to the agricultural and business sectors has had a positive effect, and lending to the housing and services sector has had a negative effect, as well as the effect of the industry sector on economic growth. Finally, in the upper quantile (0.95) Credits to the agricultural and business sectors have a positive and significant effect, and credits to the industrial sector have a negative effect, as well as the effect of credits in the housing and services sector had no significant effect on provincial economic growth. This indicates the need to redefine credit policies and prevent the diversion of these resources. Regarding the effect of capital, the results showed that the effect of human capital and physical capital on the economic growth of the provinces is positive and significant, and regarding the effect of physical capital in high quantile, this effect is more. Finally, the results on the effect of inflation on economic growth showed that low inflation rates have led to economic growth, but in the middle (0.5) and upper quantile this effect is negative and has intensified with increasing inflation; in fact, the effect of inflation on economic growth in Iran has an asymmetric effect
Pardis Seyedmashhadi; Farhad Ghalambaz; Aliasghar Esfandiary
Volume 1, Issue 2 , January 2012, , Pages 133-113
Abstract
Oil industry is one of the biggest and most influential industries all over the world, especially in Iran. Besides being the main source of energy in today’s world, oil plays an important role in determining a country’s national power and international credibility. The oil sector has provided ...
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Oil industry is one of the biggest and most influential industries all over the world, especially in Iran. Besides being the main source of energy in today’s world, oil plays an important role in determining a country’s national power and international credibility. The oil sector has provided the majority of income for many years in Iran and in fact, this sector plays the main role in the country’s economy. Also, with regard to the fact that developing countries have limited resources and unlimited needs and cannot develop all the economical sectors at the same time, they should give priority to key sectors. This study attempted to identify the key sectors and scrutinize the oil industry as an important and a key sector in Iran’s economy, through Input-Output table of 1380 (Iran's last Input-Output table) which was aggregated into 34 sectors. The sensitivity of dispersion index and the variance index of the oil industry were 1.027 and 0.17 respectively which indicate that the relationship between this industry and the other sectors is well above the average of whole sectors and this relation is distributed evenly among the other sectors. If the oil industry is removed from the output sum, 119219783 Rials (Leontief model) and 137162804 Rials (ghosh model) would be lost in production. Also, 130618 (Leontief model) and 344108 (ghosh model) job opportunities would be lost. Concerning total output elasticity, the oil industry ranks 4(among 34 sectors) and this shows that this industry is very important and has an increasingly role in total output. But Concerning total employment elasticity, it ranks 23. In addition, the oil industry has the highest costs for job opportunities up to 880721697 Rials.
ali changi changi; hadi ghaffari
Abstract
ABSTRACT:one of the indicators that is currently considered in determining the level of development of a country is the amount of electricity consumption and its applications.Providing the needs of the industrial sector for energy,especially electricity, is undeniable and very important and is very effective ...
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ABSTRACT:one of the indicators that is currently considered in determining the level of development of a country is the amount of electricity consumption and its applications.Providing the needs of the industrial sector for energy,especially electricity, is undeniable and very important and is very effective in the process of growth, development and economic stability.In this study,using time series data and aggregate techniques in econometrics, especially dynamic auto regressive distributed lag models (ARDL) and error correction mechanism (ECM), long-term and short-term relationships of electricity demand model of the industrial sector are estimated. Based on the obtained results,The price elasticity of demand in the industrial sector is equal to 0.453 and it indicates that with a one percent increase in the price of electricity,the amount of demand decreases by 0.453 percent.Therefore, electricity is a low-elastic commodity, This means that the industrial sector is dependent on electricity and other energies cannot be a suitable alternative to it.The results show that all coefficients are significant at the levels of 5 and 10 percent. Also, the results show that the demand for electricity has an important role in the production of the industrial sector and ultimately the country's GDP, so that an increase of 1 unit (ten thousand kilowatt hours) in electricity consumption in the industrial sector can increase GDP by about 23,660 dollars.Keywords: Electricity Demand of Industrial Sector, Price of Energy Carriers, ARDL.
Monetary Shocks
Niloofar Sadat Hosseini; Hossein Asgharpur
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to study Taylor's theory and investigating the effect of monetary shocks on macroeconomic variables assuming the degree of exchange rate pass-through in different inflationary environments. In this study, the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model for a small open economy ...
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The purpose of this study is to study Taylor's theory and investigating the effect of monetary shocks on macroeconomic variables assuming the degree of exchange rate pass-through in different inflationary environments. In this study, the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model for a small open economy has been used. In this framework, effects of monetary shock were investigated in Iran during 1988:1˗2014:4. and the inflation regimes and the degree of exchange rate pass-through have been investigated using a smooth transmission regression model. The empirical findings show that Taylor's hypothesis is confirmed. In other hands, the degree of exchange rate pass-through is high in an economy with high inflation. Due to a monetary shock, volatility of macroeconomic variables is high, assuming a high degree of exchange rate pass-through in the inflationary environments.
Economic Growth
Mahdi Fadaee; Somayeh Nayeri
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2012, , Pages 159-133
Abstract
In economic growth and development analysis, cultural change has a special situation. Cultural indicators can affect on production factors and economic growth endogenously and exogenously. Nowadays, in economic literature capital divided to: Physical, Human, Cultural, Social and Natural capital. In this ...
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In economic growth and development analysis, cultural change has a special situation. Cultural indicators can affect on production factors and economic growth endogenously and exogenously. Nowadays, in economic literature capital divided to: Physical, Human, Cultural, Social and Natural capital. In this research, first, we survey cultural indicators, and then point to production factors especially on capital and theatrically factors and GDP. In this research we used Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to analyze short and long run relations between variables and then test the stability of model by CUSUM and CUSUMQ. Error Correction model (ECM) model is used to show how the short run shocks justify in next periods. Findings show that the model was stable and cultural indicators during 1975-2005 had significant and positive effect on economic growth of Iran.
Mohammad Sokhanvar; Hossein Sadeghi; Abbas Assari; Kazem Yavari; Nader Mehregan
Volume 1, Issue 4 , December 2012, , Pages 182-145
Abstract
The analysis of efficiency trend by applying window Data Envelopment Analysis and research about environmental and structural forces affecting on efficiency in electricity distribution companies after vertical decomposition and ownership change in Iran is very important object. On the basis of circuit ...
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The analysis of efficiency trend by applying window Data Envelopment Analysis and research about environmental and structural forces affecting on efficiency in electricity distribution companies after vertical decomposition and ownership change in Iran is very important object. On the basis of circuit density, companies decomposed in two groups with low circuit density (group1) and high circuit density (group2). On the basis of research results, window efficiency mean of first and second groups under the variable and constant returns to scale with respect to metafrontier have had increasing and decreasing trend respectively. But second group efficiency mean is higher than first group efficiency mean into whole windows. Shiraz city, Golestan and Mazandaran electricity distribution companies in second group have had unsatisfactory performance with respect to metafrontier and group frontier in comparison to other companies. High circuit density companies have had fewer gaps between group performance and potential better performance or metafrontier. Network load factor increasing would be led to lower efficiency and transformator load factor increasing would be led to higher efficiency. Privatization has insignificant effect on efficiency in the short-run but has significant effect in the long-run.
total factor productivity of production؛
Karim Azarbaiejani; Molood Raki; Homayoun Ranjbar
Volume 1, Issue 3 , January 2012, , Pages 201-165
Abstract
According to discussion of export growth and economic growth, export diversification issue has been considered by many policymakers to mean the increase of exports commodity and reducing its dependence on one source of income. In other words, regardless of the composition or concentration of a country’s ...
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According to discussion of export growth and economic growth, export diversification issue has been considered by many policymakers to mean the increase of exports commodity and reducing its dependence on one source of income. In other words, regardless of the composition or concentration of a country’s export, more export commodities means more diversified exports. In recent years, export diversification in developing countries that mainly rely on exporting a single product has become a political priority. This study makes use of the new growth and international trade theories and panel data methods to examine the impact of export diversification on total factor productivity (TFP) and economic growth during the 1999-2007 in D-8 countries. The research results show that export diversification has a positive and statistically significant effect on the TFP and economic growth. Therefore to create economic growth and sustainable development, Iran has to pay attention to the export diversification policy as well as other factors that affect TFP and economic growth.
Elham Zokaii; Hassan Khodavaisi; Firouz Fallahi
Volume 2, Issue 5 , March 2012, , Pages 206-183
Abstract
Road traffic fatalities are a major problem for the whole world. This problem is very well-known for the Iranian society. In this paper we would like to examine the relationship between road traffic fatalities and economic development indicators in Iran during 2005-2008 for 30 Iranian provinces. ...
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Road traffic fatalities are a major problem for the whole world. This problem is very well-known for the Iranian society. In this paper we would like to examine the relationship between road traffic fatalities and economic development indicators in Iran during 2005-2008 for 30 Iranian provinces. Many papers have been devoted to study this subject in both developed and developing countries. These papers concluded that at the very beginning stages of development, road traffic fatalities increase, but decline once income levels have exceeded a certain threshold level. This phenomenon resembles the Kuznets curve (1955) that explained income inequality and per capita income. Later on this idea has been expanded to explain the relationship between road traffic fatalities and economic growth which is known as inverted U shape Kuznets Curve. In this study we use panel data for 30 Iranian provinces and use Random Effects for Negative Binomial Regression to estimate the model. Our results confirm that there is indeed an inverted U shape relationship between economic growth and road traffic fatalities in Iran, and there is positive relationship between income inequality and road traffic fatalities in Iran.
Nasim Jaberi Khosroshahi; Mohammad Reza Mohamadvand Nahidi; Davood Noroozi
Volume 2, Issue 6 , May 2012, , Pages 208-173
Abstract
Income distribution is one of the policymakers concerns. So it is important to investigate its determinants. Considering that financial development is one of the effective factors on income distribution, we decide to investigate its effect on income distribution during 1973-2008 using Autoregressive ...
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Income distribution is one of the policymakers concerns. So it is important to investigate its determinants. Considering that financial development is one of the effective factors on income distribution, we decide to investigate its effect on income distribution during 1973-2008 using Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL). Results show that the relationship between financial development and Gini coefficient is positive and reducing so support the Green-Jovanovic (1990) hypothesis. The relationship between GDP per capita and Gini coefficient is positive and reducing too. Also human capital has negative and significant impact and inflation has positive and significant impact on Gini coefficient. CUSUM and CUSUMSQ structural stability tests show that the estimated coefficients are stable over the studying period.
Seyed Jalal Alavi; Mohammad Mahdi lotfi heravi; Marzieh Asaadi
Abstract
One of the most important issues in macroeconomic management is the analysis of factors affecting economic growth. This research has measured the effect of financial development on Iran's economic growth and test Patrick's hypothesis in the period of 1357-1398. Main research questions include; 1) What ...
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One of the most important issues in macroeconomic management is the analysis of factors affecting economic growth. This research has measured the effect of financial development on Iran's economic growth and test Patrick's hypothesis in the period of 1357-1398. Main research questions include; 1) What variables are effective in Iran's financial development index, together with their weighting factor, and does financial development in Iran bank-oriented or stock market-oriented? 2) What is the short-term and long-term effect of the financial development index on Iran's economic growth and the speed of adjustment to the long-term relationship? 3) Is the causal relationship between Iran's financial development and economic growth demand-oriented or supply-oriented? Firstly, comprehensive financial development index was created by using four variables, including the volume of liquidity, bank credits allocated to the private sector, the value of capital market transactions, and the volume of bank deposits using the Factor Analysis Method. Then the short-term and long-term relationship was calculated using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, followed by employing the Granger Causality Test to examine Patrick's hypothesis for the cause-and-effect relationship between Financial Development and Economic Growth in Iran. Finally, using the Error Correction Model, the speed of adjustment from the short-run equilibrium to the long-run equilibrium state was evaluated. The results show that the financial development index has a positive relationship with economic growth in the short and long term. Patrick's hypothesis test also confirms only the demand-driven management view which confirms causality from economic growth to financial development.
Mena Countries Group
Saeede Seydabadi; Ali Dehghani; Mohammd Ali Molaei
Abstract
Poverty is one of the most important economic issues in developing countries such as MENA. Poverty causes many social problems such as drug trafficking, theft, prostitution and corruption. On the other hand, corruption is a major problem in developing countries. Corruption destroys resources as well ...
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Poverty is one of the most important economic issues in developing countries such as MENA. Poverty causes many social problems such as drug trafficking, theft, prostitution and corruption. On the other hand, corruption is a major problem in developing countries. Corruption destroys resources as well as impedes the optimal allocation of resources. Statistics show that Iran is at a disadvantage both in terms of poverty and corruption. Therefore, considering the importance of fighting poverty and corruption, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of poverty on corruption. The Human Development Index was used to measure poverty and the World Bank Corruption Control Index was used to measure corruption. The Bayesian Hierarchical method was used to estimate regression. The results showed that the variables of economic growth, and human development index have a negative impact and the variables of trade freedom index, foreign direct investment, and the share of government spending in GDP have a positive effect on corruption.
Hossein Haji Khodazadeh; Rasul Bakhshi Dastjerdi; Hamid Reza Nasirizadeh
Volume 3, Issue 11 , September 2013, , Pages 96-85
Abstract
Human capital has always been of high importance in economic growth literature. In this regard, several studies have tried to explain the role of this variable via the use of different models. The present study, in line with the previous ones, going to estimate the share of human capital in Iranian economy ...
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Human capital has always been of high importance in economic growth literature. In this regard, several studies have tried to explain the role of this variable via the use of different models. The present study, in line with the previous ones, going to estimate the share of human capital in Iranian economy production from 1974 to 2011 within the framework of Ozawa (1965) and Lucas’s (1988) endogenous growth model. In this study, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Modelling Approach (ARDL) is employed to estimate the role of human capital in production. Moreover, the average of schooling years is used as an index of human capital. The results indicated that in spite of a positive and significant relationship between human capital and GDP, physical capital plays a more important role. While the share of human capital is 0.59, physical capital has a share of 0.75. based upon literature review, share of human capital must be more important and influential, so regarding distraction of main reasons of this phenomena the study recommends that we need to make university fields more productive-based.
Saeid Yazdani; Aboalfazl Mahmoodi; GholamReza Yavari; GholamReza Yavari; MohammadReza Nazari; Mehrnoosh Mirzaei
Volume 6, 23(2) , September 2016, , Pages 98-89
Abstract
Due to increasing demand and supply gap of water and reclamation plan and balance of groundwater resources by the Department of Energy It is expected to reduce water resources , regardless of the agricultural sector , Excessive pressure on the sector in the future through rations and water from reallocation ...
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Due to increasing demand and supply gap of water and reclamation plan and balance of groundwater resources by the Department of Energy It is expected to reduce water resources , regardless of the agricultural sector , Excessive pressure on the sector in the future through rations and water from reallocation of resources to sectors with higher priority enters this section. In this study, the effects of In this study, the economic effects of nonprice policy reduced water supply on the components of the agricultural sector in the province of Qazvin According to the data of the crop year 93-92 and by developing a positive mathematical programming model is investigated. The results showed that , with the policy of reduce water availability , crop patterns are highly impressed And more driven towards products that make water use more than economic efficiency. With increasing restrictions on water resources, increased economic efficiency water This suggests that the increasing scarcity of water resources and the signal value to agricultural producers To allocate water more economically valuable products in terms of lack of water resources.
Ali Changi Ashtiani
Volume 2, Issue 7 , September 2012, , Pages 101-91
Abstract
The history of electricity industry dates back to one hundred years ago. In Iran, the electricity industry is transiting from the typical monopoly to the competitive markets and a new paradigm is the producers compete with each other to sell the energy. In the present research, the long-term and short-term ...
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The history of electricity industry dates back to one hundred years ago. In Iran, the electricity industry is transiting from the typical monopoly to the competitive markets and a new paradigm is the producers compete with each other to sell the energy. In the present research, the long-term and short-term models of electrical energy in Iran has been estimated using time-series data and correlation techniques in econometrics specifically the dynamic self-explanatory models with auto regressive distributed lag model (ARDL) and error correction model (ECM). After estimating the electricity demand function, the prediction of the whole country electricity demand was carried out. The results confirmed the inelasticity of electricity demand in proportion to the electricity price indicated by other studies in Iran and other countries. According to the Power Ministry statistics, the aggregate electricity demand has been 176230 million kw/h in 2009 which after implementing the targeting subsidies plan in the first year, this number has been decreased to 170067 million kw/h with a 3.5 % decline in the electricity demand. Finally, the aggregate electricity demand is expected to increase to 240020 million kw/h by the year 2025.
Zahra Amiri; Seyedeh Mahboobeh Mozaffari Khoshrodi; Mohammad Kavoosi Kalashami
Volume 5, 17(2) , October 2015, , Pages 102-91
Abstract
Unemployment had been one of the important challenges of recently decade in Iran,s economy. Food and drinking industry discharge the most important role in employment of industrial products of the country. In spite of large number of workforce in the agricultural sector, job creation potential is low ...
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Unemployment had been one of the important challenges of recently decade in Iran,s economy. Food and drinking industry discharge the most important role in employment of industrial products of the country. In spite of large number of workforce in the agricultural sector, job creation potential is low in Mazandaran province so, development of non-agricultural sector should be prioritized in the region. In this province the high level of investment and employee are on these industries. This research wants to study the effect of employment in food and drinking industries, from the number of these industries and in Mazandaran province. Time series statistical data of employment (EM), number of firms (NF), the real investment (RIC), and payment to other inputs (ROIC) are used for 1991-2010. The methodology of research based on Fomby, for selection of suitable model, cause to estimate vector error correction model. The results acquired from Johansen and Juselius test show existence of long term equilibrium relation within these variables. Also results of vector error correction model show that in long term, if RIC and NF change one percent, employment increase by %0.139 and %2.329, but ROIC will decrease employment by %0.258.
Zahra Hosseinpur; Mohammad Hossein Menhaj; Mohammad Kavoosi-Kalashami
Volume 5, 17(3) , December 2015, , Pages 104-91
Abstract
Over the past two decades, due to the global water scarcity, the role of WUAs in the farmers’ participation in the agricultural water resources management has received much attention. The purpose of this descriptive study was to evaluate the factors affecting the participation of the WUAs members ...
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Over the past two decades, due to the global water scarcity, the role of WUAs in the farmers’ participation in the agricultural water resources management has received much attention. The purpose of this descriptive study was to evaluate the factors affecting the participation of the WUAs members in the agricultural water management of Esfarayen County during 2014-2015. The statistical population included all members of two WUAs Esfarayen County (N: 2440) among which 335 people were selected as the statistical population size using Cochran’s formula, then the sample was identified using stratified sampling method. The Validity of the questionnaire was supported by the experts’ views, and the reliability of research tools was obtained by doing a preliminary test through completing 30 questionnaires and the Cronbach’s alpha value was obtained 0.88 using SPSS. Data analysis was performed using SPSS20 and Excel2010. To examine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, the Spearman correlation analysis test, the Cramer’s coefficient test, the Gamma coefficient and the chi-square test were used. Results indicated a significant positive correlation between the studied economic factors (farmers’ income level, acreage owned by farmers, water prices), volume of water used, types of irrigation systems, and farmers’ individual characteristics including education level and gender, and the variable of the level of farmers’ participation in the WUAs. Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between age and the level of members’ participation.
Economic Growth
Siab Mamipour; Atefeh Rezaei
Volume 8, Issue 31 , June 2018, , Pages 107-122
Abstract
The inverse relationship between economic growth and unemployment rate is known as Okun’s law in the economic literature. According to the importance of Okun's law on economic policy, investigating the relationship between unemployment rate and economic growth is very important at provincial level. ...
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The inverse relationship between economic growth and unemployment rate is known as Okun’s law in the economic literature. According to the importance of Okun's law on economic policy, investigating the relationship between unemployment rate and economic growth is very important at provincial level. Also, with regard to labor mobility between provinces based on economic conditions, spatial and spillover effects are essential in regional studies; therefore, the main objectives of this paper are to investigate Okun's law in Iran's provinces with spatial econometric approach and whether Okun’s law can be used as a rule of thumb for surveying the labor market response to changes in regional economic growth, in Iran's provinces. A panel data set for 30 provinces during period of 2005 to 2013. The results show that unemployment rates and economic growth of provinces have spatial dependence and labor market performance is influenced by macroeconomic situation and its features the economic situation in neighboring provinces. Hence, in this study spatial panel is employed to investigate Okun’s law. The results of spatial panel (SAC) approve accuracy of Okun's law in Iran's provinces; and the development of regional labor market is not limited to the provincial borders and spillovers to other provinces.
GDP
Morteza Salehi Sarbijan
Volume 7, Issue 27 , July 2017, , Pages 111-124
Abstract
The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth has been studied by many researchers. These studies have been confirmed one of the four hypotheses in this field (growth assumptions, , neutral or have) according to the studied time period and country. This study investigates the causal ...
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The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth has been studied by many researchers. These studies have been confirmed one of the four hypotheses in this field (growth assumptions, , neutral or have) according to the studied time period and country. This study investigates the causal relationship between oil consumption and GDP in Iran during 1967 to 2013. To achieve this aim, Markov switching model -Autoregressive (MS-AR) and Granger causality test were applied. The findings showed that the relationship between GDP and oil consumption had two regime structure in Iran. Results of the MS models showed that causality relationship between GDP and oil consumption (OC) was changed during economic regimes. Moreover, the evidences of bidirectional Granger causality (GC) were found between the variables in the first regime, while there was no GC between the variables in the second regime.
Abbas Rezaei Pandari; Elham Mahmudinejad; Parisa Bakhshi
Volume 8, Issue 29 , December 2017, , Pages 111-126
Abstract
By considering that the resources and accessible facilities are limited, achieving development, particularly high human development is important target in adjusting development plans; therefore in developing countries policy makers and planners are worried about recognition and analysis of accelerating ...
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By considering that the resources and accessible facilities are limited, achieving development, particularly high human development is important target in adjusting development plans; therefore in developing countries policy makers and planners are worried about recognition and analysis of accelerating factors in development process as well as diagnosis the barriers, which using of indexes and modern instruments to attain is necessary and evident. Human development is one of noticeable contexts for policy makers, planners and researchers which is measured by human development index (HDI). Criticisms of HDI and creation of nonparametric methods of performance evaluation have caused evaluation of human development by applying data envelopment analysis (DEA). The lack of recognition of sources of inefficiency is one of the weakness points in traditional approach in DEA, hence in this paper separation efficiency approach is used, which is based on according to process and network data envelopment analysis (NDEA). In this article by considering a two stage process for human development, which is inclusive making infrastructures and getting results, relative efficiency for human development is measured in all provinces in a five year period from 2010 to 2014. The results of research highlighted that Tehran and Alborz provinces had high efficiency in human development and on the other side in terms of human development compared to the remained provinces, Kurdistan, Mazandaran and Lorestan are ranked that at the end of table. Total efficiency separation illustrated that inefficiency in preparing human development infrastructures had more effect in total efficiency.
Ali Mohammadipour
Abstract
The present study seeks to examine the performance of Iran's macroeconomic indicators during the six economic development plans in order to compare and rank the achievements of the plans. Based on a fundamental revision of the 2010 United Nations Human Development Report (until 2019) and Guidelines on ...
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The present study seeks to examine the performance of Iran's macroeconomic indicators during the six economic development plans in order to compare and rank the achievements of the plans. Based on a fundamental revision of the 2010 United Nations Human Development Report (until 2019) and Guidelines on producing composite indicators (CIs) of United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (2019), CIs Method (by designing 6 dimensions of development in the form of 24 variables from internal and external sources) has been used. The results of the study show that the first to fourth plans have been on the way to recovery, but the intensification of comprehensive US sanctions and in line with the currency war against Iran, the occurrence of sanctions against the Central Bank and sanctions on the purchase of oil from Iran in February 2012 (the first year of the Fifth Plan), has significantly reduced the National Socio-Economic Development Index (NSED) in 2012-13, so that the average of this index for the fifth plan is lower than the average of the first plan. Managing the conditions of sanctions and the regular implementation of the resistance economy strategy during the early Sixth Plan has strengthened this index, but the Corona Crisis Management can determine the more realistic position of the Sixth Plan. According to the results of Sensitivity Analysis, the fourth and third plans have been distinguished as the most successful development plans as well as the fifth and first plans with the weakest performance.
